Symptoms of North Korea`s Economic System: Now is the Time to Open up Economically

( Youn Sik Choi ),( Hyung Rok Jung ),( Sung Man Yoon ) 한국국방연구원 2013 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.25 No.1

Since suffering economic difficulties, particularly from the 1990s onwards, North Korea, even implicitly, has taken several actions based on the nature of its limited market economy system. North Korean scholars seem to have attempted to practice economic reform and a more open-door policy by learning the capitalistic mark eteconomy system. This paper investigates the current state of trends of North Korean studies associated with economics and management. It is found that even though directly praising and idolizing "Kim Il Sung" and/or "Kim Jong Il" are consistently accomplished, studies on new and subtle issues such as an open-door policy, the global (international) monetary system, compensation, wage (salaries),and self-financing (financing a giupso, in itself, without external financing such as borrowing or issuing shares) drastically increased in the 2000s, especially before and after the announcement of the ``7.1 Economic Management Improvement Measures`` implemented in July 2002. This paper`s findings suggest that North Korea has tried to learn capitalistic market economy system before it takes any steps regarding economic reform. This paper also identifies the political implications in drawing up initiatives in preparation for the era of unification of the two Koreas.

규칙적 장기간 운동이 성인여성의 골밀도 함량, 최대 산소섭취량과 각신전력 변화에 미치는 영향

윤성원,강영석,나윤수 서울여자대학교 자연과학연구소 1996 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.7 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of organized walking (n=9) and badminton exercise (n=9) on bone density, maximal oxygen consumption, and leg extensor intake during 6-month period of experiment with middle-aged women(48-56 years). Subjects (n=18), regularly participating to a social sport oenter, were practiced an assigned exercise 3 times a week and measurements were taken every 3-month. after the program being initiated Bone density was measured by DEXA method, VO?? by a rpogressive work load exercise, and leg extensor by isokinetic equipment. The following results were obtained from data analyses : 1. For walking group, the 6-month exercise with a regular time interval resulted in an increase in the bone density of back lumber (L1-L4). On the other hand, for badminton group, an increase was shown in the bone density of head of thigh. 2. For both groups, les extensor was significantly increased over the 6-month experimental period. 3. Subjects in walking exercise group showed an significantly increased VO?? over the experimental period while badminton group did not. These conclusions suggest that an exercise prescriptor should design an exercise program such a way that it includes both a resistance training and aerobic exercise in order to increase bone density, which has a prevention effect against aging and bone fracture, as well as to enhance strength of leg muscle and VO??.

수중환경 변수의 변화에 따른 능동소나 표적검출 성능분석에 관한 연구

윤대희,이충용,성하종,박성범,정형성 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1997 논문집 Vol.29 No.2

In this paper, the performance of active sonar system is analyzed under various underwater acoustic environments using the multipath eigenray model in shallow water. In addition, an approximated shallow-water propagation model is proposed for the active sonar based on MacPherson and Daintith's model and corresponding equations comprising active sonar parameters are derived. To analyze the sonar performance according to the changes of various sonar parameters, a large number of measurements and results in ocean acoustics and digital signal processing are combined. The proposed model is compared with the multi-path eigenray model in terms of the echo level passed through the beamformer, the input SNR of the detector and the detection probability.

Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 추정

지상윤(Jee, Sang-Youn),김경수(Kim, Kyung-Soo) 한국국제회계학회 2020 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.90

본 논문은 일반화 분산분해방법을 사용하고 신속하게 이용가능한 다변량 Markov 국면전환모형(MS)을 벡터자기회귀모형(VAR)과 결합하여 글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 전이지수를 분석하고자 하였다. 결과로 첫째, 단일 국면모형의 변동성 전이지수에 따르면, 유럽 금융시장은 타시장으로부터 영향을 받는 것보다는 더 영향을 미치는 시장이었고 한국과 일본은 타시장에 영향을 미치지 못하고 타시장으로부터 영향을 받는 시장으로 나타났다. 둘째, MS-VAR 모형에서 금융위기 동안 한국시장은 최대의 변동성을 보여주었고 한국은 선진국과의 통합이 강화되어 타국가 간의 평균 및 분산이 현저히 급등하였고 한국, 미국 및 유럽 간의 강력한 선도-지연 상호작용이 존재하였다. 셋째, MS-VAR 모형하의 변동성 전이지수에 따르면, 혼란기(2-국면)에서 한국, 프랑스 및 일본은 타시장의 변동성 충격에 의해 더 크게 영향을 받는 정도가 단일 국면모형의 결과와 거의 동일하였으나, 미국의 경우, 변동성 충격을 통해 파급된 총전이지수는 가장 높아 타시장의 금융 어려움에 현저하게 영향을 미쳤다. 넷째, 평활화 국면확률에서 금융위기 동안 글로벌 금융시장간의 국제적 통합과 이와 연계된 구조적 변화를 보여주었다. 따라서 MS-VAR 모형을 통해 한국을 포함한 8개의 금융시장의 변동성 전이지수와 이를 바탕으로 혼란기 동안의 강력한 전이효과와 안정기 동안의 완화된 전이효과를 파악할 수 있는 글로벌 금융시장 간의 변동성 전달 메커니즘을 이해할 수 있었다. This paper aims to incorporate the multivariate Markov regime switching model (MS) with the vector autoregressive model (VAR), and analyzing the volatility spillovers index between global financial markets. As a result, first, according to the spillovers index of the single regime model, European financial markets were more affected than other markets, and Korea and Japan had no influence on other markets but were affected by other markets. Second, in the MS-VAR model, the Korean market showed the highest volatility during the financial crisis, Korea strengthened its integration with developed countries, significantly increased the mean and variances among other countries, and strong lead-lag interactions between Korea, the United States, and Europe. Third, in the spillovers index under the MS-VAR model, Korea, France, and Japan were more affected by volatility shocks in other markets, which was almost the same as that of the single regime model in the turbulent period (2-regime). Specifically, in the United States, the total spillovers index through the volatility shocks had the greatest impact on the financial difficulties of other markets. Fourth, the probability of smoothing regime showed the integration and structural changes linked to global financial markets during the financial crisis. Therefore, the MS-VAR model has helped us understand the volatility spillovers index and the mechanisms of volatility spillovers to detect the strong spillovers effect among global financial markets including Korea during the chaotic period.

건강한 성인에서 발병한 칸디다와 연관된 위궤양 1례

박지훈,이상혁,김희,이재호,박성재,지삼룡,양성연,박은택,이연재,설상영,정정명,강미선 白中央醫療院 2005 仁濟醫學 Vol.26 No.1

Fungus such as Candida albicans is a normal flora that is frequently found in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, vaginal mucosa in a normal person. However, candida can cause opportunistic infection in an immune compromised host. Candidiasis has broad spectrum of disease from mucocutaneous infection to invasive or disseminated infection. But, it is rarely reported that candida is associaed with gastrointestinal tract disease in a healthy adult. The case of gastric ulcer associated with candida particularly in a health adult is reported with relevant literature.

부하순환 하에서 제V급 복합레진 수복물의 미세변연누출에 대한 재접착제의 효과에 관한 연구

윤연희,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,김종철,한세현 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

저점도의 레진을 복합레진 수복물 위에 도포하는 것은 미세누출방지와 변연 완전성(integrity) 유지를 위한 한 방법이다. 하지만 장기간 관찰하면, 수복물은 저작압에 의한 영향을 받게 되는데, 저점도의 레진으로 수복물 변연부를 재접착(rebonding)하였을 때 저작압에 의한 응력에 견디면서 계속하여 수복물에 긍정적인 영향을 주는지에 대한 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구는 부하순환(load cycling) 하에서 제Ⅴ급 수복물의 미세변연누출에 대한 재접착제 (rebonding agent)의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 40개의 건전한 소구치의 협면에 제Ⅴ급 와동을 형성하고 제조사의 지시대로 광중합복합레진으로 수복하였다. 20개씩 무작위로 나누어 표면전색을 하지 않는 Ⅰ군과 표면을 산부식 후 재접착한 Ⅱ군으로 설정하였다. 열순환 후 각 군에서 10개씩의 하위군 (A군=No load cycling군, B군=Load cycling군)으로 나누어 이중 B군의 시편에 1 Hz의 속도로 수직력이 4-100까지 100,000회의 부하순환을 가하였다. methylene blue용액에 침윤시켜 변연의 미세누출릉도를 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 교합변연에서는 재접착과 무관하게 유의한 차이가 없었다(ⅠA-ⅡA군, ⅠB-ⅡB군) (p>0.05). 2. 치은변연의 경우는 부하순환을 하지 않은 군의 경우 재접착을 한 군(ⅡA군)이 재접착을 하지 않은 군 (ⅠA군)에 비해 더 적은 미세누출결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 치은 변연에서 부하순환을 시행한 군의 경우에는 재접착을 한 군(ⅡB군)과 재접착을 하지 않은 군 (ⅠB군)과 유의차가 없는 비슷한 미세누출의 결과를 보였다(p>0.05). One clinical technique recommended f3r improving marginal integrity is "rebonding" or application of unfilled resins to the surface of composite restoration. But continuously the restorations are affected with occlusal load. There is room for doubt that the rebonding agent has the positive effect on microleakage in spite of the stress generated by the occlusal load. This study determined the effect of rebonding on microleakage of Class Ⅴ resin composite restorations under load cycling. Class Ⅴ cavities were prepared on the buccal surface of 40 sound extracted premolars and restored with a hybrid light-cured resin composite according to manufacturers' directions. They wert randomly divided into two groups consisting of 20 samples a control(group Ⅰ), without surface sealing, and the other group (group Ⅱ) in which margins were etched and rebonded. After thermocycling, each of groups was divided into subgroups (group A, B), and load cycling(total 100,000 cycles with 4-100N load at a rate of 1 Hz) were applied on the group B. Assessment of microleakage utilized methylene blue dye penetration. The following results were obtained : 1. In the occlusal region, no significant difference was noted in the scores regardless of whether or not the rebonding agent was used (group ⅠA-ⅡA, ⅠB-ⅡB) (p>0.05). 2. In the cervical region, the control group with rebonding (group ⅡA) showed the better result than the group without rebonding (group ⅠA) (p<0.05). 3. In the cervical region, the rebonded group with load cycling(group ⅡB) showed similar results to the groupf·ithout rebonding(group ⅠB) and no significant difference was noted(p>0.05).

Silymarin 함유제형, 레가론 캅셀 140^R 및 타 실리마린 제제의 약동학적 특성에 관한 비교 연구

조주연,배균섭,정인숙,유경상,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

정밀주조 다이캐스팅을 이용한 자동차 레귤레이터 하우징 성형해석에 관한 연구

성백섭,김미애,차용훈,김정대,김덕중,이연신 한국공작기계학회 2006 한국공작기계학회 추계학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

The casting defects that are caused by molten metal were cold shut formation, entrapment of air, gas, and inclusion. But the control of casting defects has been based on the experience of the foundry engineers. In this thesis, the computer simulation analyzed the flow of molten metal. The quantitative analyses which proposed the effective mold design was executed Flow patterns of 0.1-0.16m/s molten metal in 15mm thin plate casting were investigated in order to optimize die-casting process. As increasing ingate velocity in thin plate casting, cold shot was decreased. The parameters of runner shape that affected on the optimized conditions that was calculated with simple equation were investigated. These die casting process control techniques of automobile regulator housing parts have achieved good agreement with the experimental data of tensile strength, hardness test, and material structure photographies satisfactory results.

조선시대 사랑채 儀禮空間의 特性에 관한 연구 : 喪ㆍ祭禮를 중심으로

윤일이,조성기 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1997 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.53 No.-

가족 중심적이던 조선초기에는 모든 의례의 중심은 안채이기에 사랑채는 단지 손님을 접대하는 공간에 머물렀다. 그러나 조선 중기 이후 문중 중심적인 생활이 되면서 상제에 참여대상과 행사규모가 확대되고 안채의 폐쇄성이 짙어지면서 행사에 따라서는 사랑채에서 치러지기도 하였다. 따라서 대종가를 중심으로 사랑채의 성격이 행사를 위한 의례공간으로 구성되어 간다. 1. 상례공간은 정침을 원칙으로 하였으나 점차 문상객을 받아들이기 적합한 장소로 옮겨져 남자는 대부분 사랑채에, 여자는 안채·사랑방·소사랑 등 대부분 외부에 차려진다. 일시적인 상례는 사랑채에 변형을 가하기보다는 기존의 공간을 전용해서 사용하게 된다. 2. 제례공간 역시『家禮』에 따라 안채에 수용되었으나, 지속적인 제례가 당내결합의 중심적 역할을 함에 따라 의례공간이 사랑채로 이전되는데 이때는 감실을 덧붙이거나 불천위와 같은 큰제사를 위해서는 제청을 건립하기도 한다. Sarang-Chae used as a meeting place while An-Chae used to ritual places in the early-Chosun Dynasty. But Sarang-Chae had become a ritual center, because the unity of close relatives became important so that guests increased to attend, the observance was geeting bigger, and An-Chae became closed in after the mid-Chosun Dynasty. And then the Sarang-Chae of main family houses was especially transformed into ritual places. 1. An-Chae used to a funeral place in principle. But visitors were on the increase that they used the outside rooms - men used to Sarang-Chae and women used to An-Chae, Sarang-Chae, or So-Sarang. A funeral place be adapted to borrow the other place in Sarang-Chae. 2. Ritual places also used to An-Chae. But constant rites played an important role in the consolidation of close relatives, Sarang-Chae became used as a ritual place. So Sarang-Chae be adjusted to add Gam-sil or Je-Chung.