中學生의 運動生活 實態에 관한 調査硏究

劉仁鉉,李鍾喆 단국대학교 1979 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

This thesis intends to grasp the reality of sport activities of middle school students in school, out of school and at home after school. For this purpose a research has been conducted over four middle schools of 608 boys and 605 girls on five sides of sports: interest in activities of sports, sport environment, participant's eagerness, sport club affiliation and activities in seasonal sports. These are examined through analysis of students' activities by sex and school grade. This research has adopted the methods of thoretical research as well as of questionair. The questionair is composed of 124 questions and is distributed directly by the author to students. A total of 1211 copies, which is 99% of the distributed, was collected. 1. Interest in activies of sports To the interest in sports, boys showed more interest in sports than girls. To the participation in sports at school, girls are a little more active. To the participation in sports on Sunday and holidays, boys showed more active participation than girls. Lowere graders are more active and interested. 2. Sport environment High percentage of both boys and girls avails of the vacant lots in their nighbourhood. The use of open grounds in parks showed higher percentage, too. Many boys showed that they had to come back to school for sports after school, but few girls took the trouble. The number is not big, but there are some boys and girls who go to sport-centers. To desired places for sports, a large number of boys and girls wish to enjoy sports at sport-centers. Many boys and girls also want to enjoy sports at home. A conside able number of boys and girls prefer to enjoy sports at nearby grounds in the neighbourhood. More boys preferred nearby grounds for sports than girls did. To conditions which have caused disinterests in sports, boys pointed out unfavorable sport facilities, individual problems, family matter and the lack of play-mates, while girls pointed out individual problems, unfavorable facilities, the lack of play-mates and family matter, respectively. 3. Participant's eagerness To the purpose of sport, the boys' is for the maintenance of health and promotion of physical strength, provision of joyous atmosphere with friends, mastery of skills, enjoying the momentary happy mood and the winning the games, respectively. To the attitude towards sports, high percentage of boys and girls enjoy sports with interest and pleasure. To the family concern on Students' sports, no special concern of the family is given to 57.8% of boys and much concern given to 31.4% of boys. 61.3% of girls is given no special concern of the family and 29.3% of girls given much concern. This figure indicates that much family concern has been given to both boys and girls. To the preference for sports, boys preferred baseball, soccer, swimming, table tennis and shooting, respectively, while girls preferred swimming, skating, baseball, volleyball and basketball, respectively. This figure indicates that individual playing games are more preferred to group playing games. It is also noted that baseball is preferred by the third large numbered girls an swered in this item 4. Sport club affiliation To the question of the membership of sport club, both boys and girls appeared to be interested in being the member of any club. To the membership club outside school, both boys and girls showed low interest in membership of the club outside school. To the particpation in sport events, their participation is rather irregular. To friends to play with, boys showed more positive activity in this point. Boy's play-mates are school friends, friends in the neighbourhood, members in the family and persons met at the sport-center, respectively. Girl's play-mates are members in the family, school friends, friends in the neighbourhood and persons met at the sport-center, respectively. To the team organization, the boy's case is in a team with several friends, in no team organization, but individual and free play in and the team of large group, respectively. Girls follow boy's pattern. 5. Seasonal sport activities To swimming during the vacation, both boys and girls showed active participation. To skiing, both boys and girls showed almost no activities in skiing, but skating is rather actively enjoyed, particularily among girls.

공군사관생도의 심폐능력에 따른 심리 · 생리요인 비교

김인기(In-ki Kim),김건희(Gun-hee Kim),송성우(Sung-woo Song),최가람(Ga-ram Choi),엄장원(Jang-won Eom),곽재준(Jae-jun Kwak),유영남(Young-nam You),정덕화(Deok-hwa Jeong),강지훈(Ji-hun Kang) 육군사관학교 화랑대연구소 2019 한국군사학논집 Vol.75 No.2

The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in psychological and physiological factors between groups by classifying groups based on the 3km running record of fourth grade Air Force Academy cadets. Among the top 46 Air Force Academy cadets who wanted to participate in the study, the study conducted an open survey of the top 13 and the bottom 15 who wanted to provide the data prior to the study. The subjects of the experiment and in-depth interview were studied by a total of 18 people, 9 of each upper and lower members who wished to participate in the study. Psychological factors were structured through inductive content analysis of data extracted from in-depth interviews, and physiological factors were conducted to verify differences between groups of body composition and cardiopulmonary function. The psychological factors of the upper and lower groups were found to be general areas of performance strategy, achievement motivation, emotional response, military spirit, situation perception, and basic physical strength. In the detailed areas, the subjects were also examined in 15 areas including physical fitness indicators, confidence, condition control, task orientation, and positive self-perception. As a result of comparison between upper and lower groups, the upper group was 2.2 times higher than the lower group and the lower group was 1.7 times higher than the upper group in the military spirit and performance strategy of the general area response rate. In general area response, the ratio of mental strength and confidence was different in the general area of military spirit. In addition, the upper group in the achievement motivation showed a high percentage of task tendency at 47%, while the lower group showed a high rate of zero motivation at 50%. In the emotional response, the upper group showed an equal ratio, while the lower group showed an 81% ratio of negative emotions. In the overall response by sub-region, the negative emotions of the subgroup were high at 28%. In the body composition, BFM showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and Weight, FFM, and SMM did not show any significant difference between groups. In cardiopulmonary capacity, VO2max showed a statistically significant difference between upper and lower groups, and VE and LT did not show significant differences between groups.

이행성 협심증 환자에서 운동부하 심전도 검사

이정우,박형서,박용규,노상필,이유선,정승현,김보영,이재환,최시완,정진옥,성인환 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

목적 : 관상동맥의 경련에 의한 이형성 협심증환자에 있어서 운동부하 심전도 검사의 결과는 매우 다양하다. 이에 저자들은 충남대학교병원 순환기내과에서 관상동맥조영술상 이형성 협심증으로 확진된 환자를 대상으로 운동부하 심전도 검사를 시행하여 이에 대한 결과를 연구하였다. 방법 : 1995년 1월부터 2002년 3월까지 흉통을 주소로 충남대학교병원 순환기 내과에 입원하여 관상동맥조영술을 시행하여 관상동맥의 내경이 50% 미만의 협착이 있고, 에르고노빈(ergonovine) 유발검사도 이형성 협심증으로 진단을 받은 233명중 운동부하 심전도 검사를 시행 받은 183명의 환자를 연구 대상으로 하였다. 운동부하 심전도 검사 결과의 판독시 발생할 수 있는 오류를 줄이기 위해서 운동부하 심전도 검사를 시행하기전 심전도상 ST분절의 상승(5예)이나 하강(8예)이 있는 경우 EH한 T파의 역위(19예)가 있는 32명의 환자를 제외한 총 151명의 환자를 대상으로 하였다. 운동부하는 Marquette사의 case 15 답차를 이용하였고, Bruce protocol에 따라 증상이 나타날 때까지 최대로 실시하였으며 각 stage 및 운동후의 혈압을 측정하고 12 유도 심전도를 기록하였다. 결과 : 1) 임상적 특성 - 내원시 임상 상은 안정형 협심증이 39예(25.8%), 불안정형 협심증이 103예(68.2%), 심근경색증이 9예(6.0%)이었다. 운동부하 심전도 검사 결과 양성 군과 음성군간에 있어서 당뇨병, 고혈압, 비만도, 총 혈청콜레스테롤치, 현재의 흡연 여부, 병력상 운동시 흉통의 유무, 내원시 임상적 진단, 협착의 정도, 연축의 수 등을 조사하였는 바 어떠한 인자들도 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 2) 운동부하 심전도 검사 - 운동부하 심전도 검사를 시행 받은 151명의 환자중 음성인 경우는 134예(88.8%)이었고, 양성인 경우는 17예(11.2%)이었다. 양성 소견을 보인 환자들중 ST 분절의 상승이 4예(2.6%), ST 분절의 하강이 13예(8.6%)이었다. 3) 관상동맥조영술 - 관상동맥조영술상에서 혈관 경력 위치는 우관상동맥이 70예(46.1%), 좌전하동맥이 44예(28.9%), 좌회선동맥이 17예(11.2%)의 순으로 나타났다. 운동부하 심전도 검사상 ST 분절의 상승이 있었던 예중 Ⅱ, Ⅲ, aVF에서 ST 분절의 상승이 있었던 1예는 관상 동맥조영술상 우관상동맥에서 경련이 발생하였고, V2-V4에서 ST 분절의 상승이 있었던 2예중 관상동맥조영술상에도 좌전하행동맥에서 경련이 나타난 예는 1예이었으며 다른 1예는 좌회선동맥에서 경련이 나타났고, V5-V6에서 ST 분절의 상승이 있었던 1예는 관상동맥조영술상에도 좌회선동맥에서 경련이 나타났다. 운동부하 심전도 검사상 V5 또는 V6에서 ST 분절의 하강이 있엇던 13예중 6예(46.1%)는 관상동맥조영술상 우관상동맥에서 경련이 발생하였고, 3예(23.1%)는 좌전하행동맥에서, 1예(7.7%)는 좌회선동맥에서, 나머지 3예(23.1%)는 2개의 혈관이나 기타 분지에서 경련이 발생하였다. 결론 : 1) 이형성 협심증 환자는 운동부하 심전도 검사에서 11.2%의 양성소견을 보였다. 이중 ST 분절의 상승은 2.6%이었고, ST 분절의 하강은 8.6%이었다. 2) 이형성 환자중 운동부하 심전도 검사를 실시하여 음성을 보이는 경우 다혈관 관상동맥질환이기 보다는 이형성 협심증일 가능성이 더 높다고 예측할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 3) 이형성 협심증 환자중 운동부하 심전도 검사를 실시하여 ST 분절의 상승을 보이는 경우 다혈관 관상동맥질환이기 보다는 이형성 협심증일 가능성이 더 높다고 예측할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 4) 운동부하 심전도 검사 결과에 대한 당뇨병, 고혈압, 비만도, 총 혈청콜레스테롤치, 현재의 흡연여부, 병력상 운동시 흉통의 유무, 내원시 임상적 진단, 협착의 정도 등 어떠한 인자들도 3그룹(ST 분절의 상승, ST 분절의 하강, 음성)간에 유의한 차이를 발견할 수 없었다. 5) ST 분절의 상승 부위와 관상동맥조영술상 관상동맥의 연축이 일어나는 혈관과의 상관관계는 매우 높았다. No reports in the literature describe the results of exercise testings in a large number of patients with pure variant angina(coronary stenosis <50%) in Korea. In this report, We present the results of treadmil exercise testing in 151 patients with variant angina. 151 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery spasm underwent a treadmil exercise test. The clinical characteristics of variant angina patients classified according to ST-segment response to exercise were analyzed. Of 151 patients underwent a treadmil exercise test, negative result was seen in 134 patients(88.8%) and positive result was in 17 patients(11.2%). Of 17 patients saw positive result, exercise-induced ST segment elevation was present in 4 patients(2.6%) and ST segment depression was seen in 13 patients(8.6%). There was not a significant relationship between the ST segment response to exercise and the clinical variables(diabetes, hypertension, obesity, total cholesterol, current smoking, effort angina, clinical diagnosis, and degree of stenosis) assessed. Of 4 patients with ST segment elevation in treadmil exercise test, 1 patient with ST segment elevation in Ⅰ,Ⅲ,aVF had spasm in right coronary artery(100%) on coronary angiography, of 2 patients in V2-V4 had spasm in left anterior descending coronary artery in 1 patient(50%) and 1 patient in V5-V6 had spasm in left circumflex artery(100%). Positive treadmil exercise test was present in 11.2% of variant angina patient. If we have negative treadmil exercise result in patients with clinical manifestation of unstable angina at admission, we may have a suspicion of variant angina rather than multi-vessel disease. If we have exercise-induced ST segment elevation in patients with clinical manifestation of unstable angina at admission, we have a suspicion of variant angina rather than multi-vessel disease. Our result suggests that the correlation between the site of the ST segment elevation and the artery involved is quite good.

Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha normalizes the glucolipotoxicity-induced decreased BETA2/NeuroD gene transcription and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

Kim, Ji-Won,You, Young-Hye,Ham, Dong-Sik,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Song, Ki-Ho,Son, Ho-Young,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung,Lee, In-Kyu,Yoon, Kun-Ho Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.9

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects against beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1alpha in beta-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1alpha in glucolipotoxicity-associated beta-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1alpha in cultured beta-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1alpha also suppressed the expression of the insulin and beta-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1alpha but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1alpha. Ad-siPGC-1alpha injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1alpha, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.</P>

ERK1/2-Mediated Schwann Cell Proliferation in the Regenerating Sciatic Nerve by Treadmill Training

Seo, Tae Beom,Oh, Myung-Jin,You, Byoung-Gun,Kwon, Ku-Birm,Chang, In-Ae,Yoon, Jin-Hwan,Lee, Chan-Yong,Namgung, Uk Mary Ann Liebert 2009 JOURNAL OF NEUROTRAUMA - Vol.26 No.10

<P>Proliferation of Schwann cells in the injured peripheral nerve supports axonal regeneration, and physical training in experimental animals has been shown to promote nerve regeneration. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activity can mediate neuronal responses to lesion signals, but its role in non-neuronal cells in the injured area is largely unknown. Here we report that treadmill training (TMT) facilitates axonal regeneration via the upregulation of phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels in Schwann cells in the injured sciatic nerve. Low-intensity, but not high-intensity, TMT increased neurite outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sensory neurons and potentiated Schwann cell proliferation. TMT elevated levels of GAP-43 mRNA and protein, and phospho-ERK1/2 protein in the injured sciatic nerves. TMT also enhanced phospho-c-Jun protein levels in the injured nerve. In-vivo administration of the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 eliminated phospho-c-Jun, suggesting ERK1/2 phosphorylation of the c-Jun protein. PD98059 treatment decreased levels of BrdU-labeled proliferating Schwann cells in the distal portion of the injured nerve, and delayed the axonal regrowth that was promoted by TMT. The present data suggest that increased ERK1/2 activity in Schwann cells may play an important role in TMT-mediated enhancement of axonal regeneration in the injured peripheral nerve.</P>

정어리 어분의 지질함량에 따른 저장안정성

유병진,이강호,정인학 江陵大學校東海岸地域硏究所 1992 東海岸硏究 Vol.3 No.1

우리나라에서 80년대 이후 연간 약 13만∼18만톤 어획되는 가장 중요한 수산자원의 하나인 정어리는 그 자체의 여러가지 원인으로 식품가공소재로서의 이용이 제한되고 주로 어분 및 어유의 원료로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 정어리 어분은 지방함량이 높고 또한 함유지질의 구성지방산도 고도불포화지방산의 비율이 높아 산화로 인한 품질의 악변이 정어리어분의 이용에 큰 제약이 되고 있다. 2단 자숙으로 지질함량을 대폭 감소시킨 어분과 기존의 어분과의 저장 중의 품질변화를 실험한 결과를 요약하면 아래와 같다. 1. 2단 자숙으로 지질함량을 1단 가열로 제조한 어분의 지질함량 11.7%에서 2.51%로 감소시켰다. 2. 1단 가열로 제조된 어분의 지질조성은 비극성이 64.2%, 극성이 35.8%인데 비하여 2단 가열로 제조한 경우는 극성이 60.7%, 비극성이 39.2%로 오히려 극성지질의 함량이 높았다. 3. 구성지방산은 ??이 주요 구성지방산들이었으며 1단 가열로 제조된 어분의 경우 ??이 극성지질에서 24.1%, 비극성지질에서 8.7%었으나 2단 가열로 제조된 경우 21.3%와 10.6%로 다소 열에 의해 파괴된 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지질의 산패는 AV, POV, COV가 비슷한 경향을 보이며 2단 가열로 지질의 함량이 줄어든 시료어분에서 온도가 높을수록 보다 급속히 진행되었으며 5℃의 저온에서도 지질의 산패는 억제되지 않았다. TBA값은 지질함량이 많은 1단 자숙으로 제조된 어분에서 10.2가 2단 가열로 지질함량이 낮은 경우의 어분에서의 5.2보다 약 2배 높은 값을 보였으며 이후의 증가는 저장온도가 높을수록 신속히 진행되었으나 2단 자숙으로 제조된 어분에서 5℃와 상온에서 저장하였을 겨우 상당히 안정한 값을 저장 50일 경까지 보였다. 5. 수용성 갈변반응은 2단 자숙한 경우가 흡광도로 0.17로서 1단 자숙한 경우의 0.08보다 높았으나 1단 자숙의 경우 저장 중에 저장온도에 관계없이 모두 일정한 속도로 증가하였으나 2단 자숙하여 제조한 어분에서는 5℃로 저장했을때 상당히 억제되었다. 지용성 갈변은 1단 가열로 제조한 경우가 오히려 높은 값을 보여 2단 가열의 0.42보다 높은 0.94의 약 2배이상의 값을 보였으며 전체적으로 지용성 갈변이 수용성 갈변보다 우세하여 어분의 품질저하에 주도적 역할을 하였다. The effects of lipids elimination through conventional steaming method(one step steaming) or new method(two steps steaming) on the storage stability and quality deterioration of sardine fish meals were investigated by means of lipids oxidation, fatty acids composition and browning during storage at 50℃, 30℃, 5℃ and room temperature. Lipids content, 11.70% in the fish meals made by one step steaming was decreased to 2.51% through one more steps of steaming. In conventional fish meal, nonpolar and polar lipids were composed 64.2%, 35.8% respectively, but the composition was reversed to 39.2% and 60.78% in two step steamed fish meal. Among the principal fatty acids, ?? of the sardine fish meals, ?? was charged 24.1% in polar and 8.7% in non-polar lipid of one step steamed fish meal, and the values were decreased to 21.3%, 10.6% in two step steamed meal respectively. The lipid oxidation in two step steamed fish meal was enhanced more intensely than in one step steamed fish meal according to results of POV, COV and AV tests during storage. But according to TBA test, the quality and oxidative stability has steaded better effectively in two step steamed fish meal than in one step steamed fish meal. Hydrophilic browning reaction was predominant in two step steamed meal, but lipophilic browning become predominant in one step steamed fish meal. For all that lipophilic browning gained predominating influence with 3∼10 times over hydrophilic browning in sardine fish meal.

체육교과 평가방식에 대한 소비자 의견 분석

모창배,유인영,김정식 청주대학교 학술연구소 2004 淸大學術論集 Vol.2 No.-

To collect customers opinion about physical education estimation system, this study targeted on 3rd grade students at academic high schools in Cheongju-city and Chungju-city in Chungcheongbuk-do. Main subjects of the study are each 4 classes in boys high school and girls high school. This paper examines the feasibility of estimation system change in the result of collecting customers opinion about estimation factors like reflection of school record and change, time factors like time obstacle and exercise ability, ability factors like influence and contents of school record, result factors like fairness of estimation, course factors like necessary and value of estimation and academic factors like private education expenses and its reduction. Based on the above result, it analyzes certification and correlation by item, sex and factor focused on every factor. Study materials are managed by SAS Package(Window Ver. 6.11). In the result of correcting customers opinion about the above estimation system, it shows as follows: First, it showed the difference by sex in change and reflection of physical education estimation system, change and influence of school record and necessary and value of estimation contents. Second, many male students supported items about exception and reflection of school record in physical education. It showed that most of students asked to change estimation system. Third, it showed time obstacle by students exercise ability in physical education estimation system. Male students have more obstacles to study other subjects than female ones. Fourth, it showed that many students asked to change estimation system not by influence of school record but by exercise ability. Fifth, it showed that many students emphasized fairness in estimation results by teachers. Sixth, in the case of male students, they asked enjoy activity and in the case of female ones, they asked physical development and health maintenance. Most students replied that physical education is necessary subject regardless of estimation. Seventh, Most students replied that physical education estimation system is not cause of increasing private education expenses directly. Eighth, students at academic high school have much correlation with estimation, time, ability, result and academic factor. On the other hand, it showed that subject factor did not much correlation with other factors.

비만 여성을 대상으로 한 해조류 추출물의 국부처치와 운동 병행을 통한 지방분해 효과의 임상적 검정

서태수,이인숙,변재철,김규호,박승한,김유영,김상국,김현정,김상기,신동철,성미영,박종석,김종기,박언휘 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to test the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the aerobic exercise. Of 20 female obesity subjects, ten treated a cream types of seaweed extract(control group) and ten treated a placebo cream(placebo group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 4 weeks, and treated with 2 times a day about 10ml on the abdomen and the thigh, respectively. All subjects were participated aerobic dance half hour a day and four times a week. After 4 weeks of topical treatment and exercise, they were measured body fat, skinfold thickness, body circumference. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed blood cells, serum enzymes, and serum lipids. There were reduction of body weight, % of body fat, antebrachium, brachium, chest, waist, thigh circumference and abdomen thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. Especially, body weight and % of body fat significantly reduced in the subjects treating the seaweed extract than those treating the placebo. There were significant decrement in total cholesterol and LDL whereas increment in HDL and TBIL in the control group, but no significant difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, there were 7.6% of body fat reduction during 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 21% of body fat reducement in combination of topical seaweed treatment and exercise, respectively. These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract should be very effective for fat breakdown. Especially, the body fat breakdown maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the aerobic exercise.

활성탄의 급여가 젖소 송아지의 성장 및 배설물의 Ammonia 함량에 미치는 영향

유선일,박덕섭,명윤아,이인덕,남명수,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the influences of feed containing activated charcoal on the performances of calves The daily weight gain, feed intake, feed requirement and the content of ammonia in the excreta were measured. The experiment was conducted with 10 male calves for 30 days. Each were equally divided with treatment group and control group and for the treatment group's animal fed diets containing 1.0% activated charcoal. The daily weight gain of calves were decreased by 1.92% when they were fed activated charcoal(1.02㎏/day) compared to that of control calves(1.04㎏/day) and the daily feed intake of treatment group(2.86㎏/day) was 10.06% lower comparing to the control group(3.18㎏/day). In case of feed requirement, the result showed 8.2% lower in the treatment group(2.80㎏) than control group(3.06㎏). The content of ammonia in excreta was significantly lower for treatment group(0.33ppm) than control group (2.67ppm)(p<0.05), which showed more improvement for reducing ammonia content in the treatment group with 87.6%(p<0.05). 본 연구는 사료에 활성탄을 첨가했을 때 송아지의 일당 증체량, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율 및 배설물의 ammonia 함량에 미치는 영향을 규명하기위해 실시하였다. 홀스타인 수송아지 10두를 30일 동안 대조구, 시험구(활성탄 1%첨가)로 각5두 공시하여 시험하였으며, 실험 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 송아지의 일당 증체량은 대조구(1.04kg/일)에 비하여 활성탄을 급여했을 때(l.02kg/일) 1.92% 감소하였고, 일당 사료 섭취량은 시험구(2.86kg/일)가 대조구(3.18kg/일)에 비해서 10.06% 낮았으나, 사료 요구율은 대조구(3.06kg/kg증체)에 비해 시험구(2.80kg/kg증체)에서 8.2% 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 송아지 배설물의 ammonia 함량은 대조구의 2.67ppm에 비하여 시험구가 0.33ppm으로 87.6% 감소되는 개선효과를 보였다(p<0.05).

刑法上 過失犯罪理論에 관한 硏究

유인창 청주대학교 대학원 1993 우암논총 Vol.10 No.-

In the criminal law, the criminal negeligence is an act which is punished as a criminal offence when prohibited result by violation of the duty of attention is daily life is ocurred. The intentional offender is purnished by the criminal law, and exceptionally the criminal negligence is purnished by special provisions in law In this thesis, I intended to establish rationalistic theory with studying the duty of attention -specially Foreknow-ledge Possibility and Principle of Reliance which is based on modern theory of the criminal negligence And I shall investigate at chapter Ⅱ the Foreknow-ledge possibility which extends the duty of attention, at clause 3 about substance of the foreknow ledge (same = fore knowledge) possibility = the theory of fearful greasy at clause 4 about characteristic of it may I think studying of The Subject of Negligent Theory in the Criminal Law, have to investigate under in the Criminal Law, about all study in the Supreme Court in Korea.