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Hirofumi Yoshioka,Shuta Asai,Miki Yoshioka,Michie Kobayashi 한국분자세포생물학회 2009 Molecules and cells Vol.28 No.4
Rapid production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity in plants. A potato calcium-dependent protein kinase (StCDPK5) activates an NADPH oxidase StRBOHA to D by direct phosphorylation of N-terminal regions, and heterologous expression of StCDPK5 and StRBOHs in Nicotiana benthamiana results in oxidative burst. The transgenic potato plants that carry a constitu-tively active StCDPK5 driven by a pathogen-inducible promoter of the potato showed high resistance to late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans accompanied by HR-like cell death and H2O2 accumulation in the attacked cells. In contrast, these plants showed high susceptibility to early blight necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria solani, suggesting that oxidative burst confers high resistance to biotrophic pathogen, but high susceptibility to necrotro-phic pathogen. NO and ROS synergistically function in defense responses. Two MAPK cascades, MEK2-SIPK and cytokinesis-related MEK1-NTF6, are involved in the induc-tion of NbRBOHB gene in N. benthamiana. On the other hand, NO burst is regulated by the MEK2-SIPK cascade. Conditional activation of SIPK in potato plants induces oxidative and NO bursts, and confers resistance to both biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens, indicating the plants may have obtained during evolution the signaling pathway which regulates both NO and ROS production to adapt to wide-spectrum pathogens.
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( Yoshioka Hideyuki ) 한국일어교육학회 2012 일본어교육연구 Vol.0 No.24
본 연구는, 1946년부터 2010년까지 출판된 일본어교재를 분석하여 그 변천과 현상에서 보이는 새로운 동향을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 먼저 교재분석을 위한 시점을 제시했다. 그리고 그 시점을 가지고 분석한 결과 이하와 같은 내용이 밝혀졌다. 교재의 출판량은 지금까지 꾸준히 증가해 오고 있지만, 2000년대 이후에는 증가율이 다소 감소한다. 학습내용별 교재를 보면, 모든 년대에서 종합교재가 가장 많이 출판되었고, 이어서 회화·구두표현 교재, 문자교재가 많았다. 발음교재, 청해교재는 그 수가 적었다. 학습대상자별 교재는, 유학생·대학생용 교재가 가장 많고, 이어서 비지니스 교재, 연소자용 교재가 많았다. 이로써 80년대부터 학습자의 다양화가 시작되었다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 80년대 전반까지는 문형중심의 구조실러버스로 구성된 교재가 주축을 이루었고, 교실에서는 교사주도의 실천이 행해졌다. 그러나 80년대 후반부터는 학습자가 적극적이고 즐겁게 참여 할 수 있는 학습자의 자주성을 살리는 교재가 많이 만들어지게 되었다. 2010년 이후의 특징 중 하나는,「Can-do」의 개념을 도입한 교재의 등장이다. 이것은 종래와 같은 어휘·문형의 습득이 아니라,「일본어로 무엇을 할 수 있는가」를 커리큘럼의 목표로 둔 것이다. 이 교재는 문형이나 어휘가 아니라 상대방에게 전하고 싶은 내용을 중요시 한다는 점과 일본어교육의 주역이 학습자라는 생각을 전제로 하고 있다. 현재 일본어교재는 이제까지 교사주도를 전제로 한 문형중심 교재에서 벗어나, 새로운 방향으로 움직이기 시작했다고 말할 수 있겠다. 本稿は、1946年から2010年までに出版された日本語敎材を分析し、その變遷と現狀に見られる新しい動向を明らかにすることを目的とする。初めに敎材分析のためにどのような視点があるかをあげた。そして、その視点を使って分析した結果、以下のことが明らかになった。敎材の出版數はこれまで順調に增加してきているが、2000年以降その伸びがやや鈍った。學習內容別の敎材では、各年代とも總合敎材が最も多く、續いて會話·口頭表現敎材、文字敎材が多かった。少なかったのは發音敎材、聽解敎材であった。對象者別の敎材では、留學生·大學生用の敎材が最も多く、續いてビジネス敎材、年少者用敎材で、80年代から學習者の多樣化が始まったことがわかった。80年代前半あたりまで、文型積み上げ式の敎材が中心で、敎室では敎師主導の實踐が行われていた。しかし80年代後半あたりから、學習者が樂しく積極的に參加でき、その自主性を生かす敎材が作成されるようになった。2010年以降の敎材に見られる特徵の一つに、「Can-do」の考えを採り入れたものが現れた。これは從來の語彙·文型の習得の代わりに、「日本語で何ができるか」をカリキュラムの目標においたものである。ここには、相手に傳えたい內容が優先されるべきであって文型や語彙ではないこと、日本語敎育の主役は學習者であることなどの考え方が基本にある。これまで長い間續いてきた敎師主導を前提とした文型積み上げ式に變わって、日本語敎材が現在新たな方向に動き始めたと考えられる。
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A study of the aging society and Yoka in Japan
YOSHIOKA Naomi,TOKUDA Katsumi 아시아장애사회학회 2009 아시아장애사회학연구 Vol.9 No.-
The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative perspective to think about the relationship between quality of life and leisure, of Yoka, among older people as a contribution to aging society in Japan. Reviewing the previous studies, we concluded that enjoyment may have an essential role, but additional studies are also needed.
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Diagrammatic Representation of Environmental Monitoring Data
Yoshioka, Takahito,Sekino, Tatsuki The Korean Society of Limnology 2005 생태와 환경 Vol.38 No.S
The marked increase in the number of environmental problems, combined with the increase in their intensity and spatial extent, has resulted in an ever-increasing need for constant monitoring. This is complicated by the occurrence of new and complicated environmental issues that often prevent a thorough understanding of the entire monitoring framework. In the present study, a diagrammatic method was developed to present the entire framework of a monitoring plan. The diagram was separated into three sections- "Problem Section", "Research Process and Data Section" and "Entities Section" - to clearly present the disparate relationships between monitoring objectives and the monitoring procedure. Notation of the diagrams was undertaken using Unified Modeling Language (UML). A hypothetical monitoring plan for an environmental problem was designed to assess usefulness of the diagrammatic method. The diagram was capable of reviewing and revising the monitoring plan and could be used to select a monitoring procedure according to the monitoring objectives of the plan. The results suggested that this diagrammatic method was effective for designing an appropriate monitoring plan for a given monitoring objective.
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Yoshioka, Nasa,Shirasaka, Seiko The Korean Society of Systems Engineering 2015 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.11 No.2
Various methods have been used for safety and reliability as it becomes more difficult to ensure safety owing to the increasing complexity and scale of systems. This study aims at making it easier and more efficient to discuss risks and countermeasures for completeness, review, and knowledge transfer by improving methods to create fault tree analyses which focus on the GSN [1], which are among the methods used to describe assurance cases. More specifically, the purpose of this study is to incorporate strategy and context, GSN concepts, along with reason, which is a new concept, into FTA; the study focuses on three points. One point is support for the safety designer to draw a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) FTA. The second is to make it easier to understand diagrams and meanings of FTA compared with the usual methods. The third is to make creating an FTA more efficient and to pass on existing know-how. Eventually, FTA can achieve completeness, review, and knowledge transfer. An introduction is provided in the first section. Next, the methodology covered in this paper is explained in the second section. The third section describes the proposed notation method based on two proposals made in this paper. In the fourth and fifth sections, results and discussion are provided, respectively. Finally, in the sixth section, conclusions are described.
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