플랫 엔드밀을 이용한 미세 홈 가공에 관한 연구

이재일,이채문,정융호,이득우 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

Mechanical micro-engineering is an easy and cheap way to fabricate micro-structures. If the application of the conventional machining method using flat-end mill becomes available for the micro-manufacturing process, it will be advanced as an extension of the conventional machining process. In this study, micro-grooves cutting using flat-end mill(φ8) was performed. The characteristics on flat-end milling was investigated to improve machinability of micro-grooves. The experiments were performed according to variations of spindle revolution, depth of cut, and feed rate. Machinability through various cutting conditions was evaluated by surface geometry, tool wear, and cutting force. The results show that micro V-grooves of width(pitch) 297/μm were acquired by flat-end milling. The maximum and minimum roughness of the wall of grooves was 438 and 67 nm, respectively.

초음파 진동절삭을 이용한 평면 광도파로와 유리의 미세 홈 가공특성에 관한 연구

이준석,김병국,정융호,이득우 한국공작기계학회 2002 한국공작기계학회 춘계학술대회논문집 Vol.2002 No.-

Recent years, optical components' are widely used in optical communication industry for high speed and mass storage data processing. Micro grooving of planar lightwave circuit and glass, those are widely used in optical component, are realized by polycrystalline diamond tool with ultrasonic vibration. To know the characteristics of brittle materials cutting, ultrasonic vibration cutting tool and machining system are built for the experiment. Grooving on planar lightwave circuit and glass experiments are performed and their shape are measured by photograph with microscope. It reveals that better groove shape with low chipping of planar lightwave circuit and glass are obtained by micro grooving machining with ultrasonic vibration. These experiments are considered as a possibility to the micro grooving of optical communication components.

관광변수의 계절변동 분석 : 국립공원탐방객을 중심으로

원융희,이돈재 龍仁大學校 1997 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze seasonalities with regard to 18 National Parks. To effectively analyze the seasonalities, national parks were divided into six groups: Jungbu, Chungcheng, Seonam, Dongnam, Mts and Shores. Analysis of Variance tables, Arima Model and Log Difference were used to analyze the seasonalities of national park. The paper is intended to examine the difference between mean and variance of visitors and investigate the stages which are converging or enlarging between inter-season and intra-season in each cases. To verifiy the study, we converted original data into seasonal dummy variables and deseasonally adjusted data to eliminate the secular trend, cyclical variation and irregular variation. This analysis results in several categories. The stationary stage was not shown in most of the national parks. As to the seasonality between inter-season and intra-season, it was difficult to fond the stylized facts uniformed characters converging or enlarging trends. The fluctuation of variation was also not found in the parks near metroplitans. It means that the parks without accessibility and demand threshhold show high variance of visitors between seasons. The least interval variation in the log difference was found in Jungbu Group including Seolak, Gaeyong, and Bukhan. But the most interval variation due to the high demand in summer was revealed in the Shores Group including Dadohae, Taean, and Hanryo. Each Mts. group has its own distinctive features. For example, in case of Naejang, the most variation was shown due to the highest demand in fall. Finally, the seasonal variance of visitors are still considerably exist across the national parks, but this difference is closer to the mean as time goes.

관광기업의 전략적 경영연구 : Internal Marketing을 중심으로 focused on Internal Marketing

원융희,이미혜 용인대학교 산업경영연구소 1998 산업경영논총 Vol.3 No.-

Recently, The Strategic Management is very important Tourism companies because the environment of service companies change, The basic premise of the strategic management concept is that strategic planning is the mangerial process of developing and maintaining an optimal ‘fit’ between the deployment of an organization resources and the oppotunities in its changing environment. First all, Internal Marketing of Strategic Management is needed. Internal Marketing is marketing activity for the employees in the organizations. The employee is internal customer and the internal product. From this perspective, The employee have to satifies the needs and motive on a job. The purpose of this study is to provide internal marketing strategies in Tourism Companies and efficient internal marketing are as follows:the subdivision on internal customer' investigation, MBO strategy for different employees, strategic incentive policy, strategic internal support systems, the settle of strategies for tile changes in tourism compaines’environment.

두경부 편평상피암에서의 MIB-1, p53, bcl-2와 apoptosis의 발현 및 상호 연관성

손용준,한지용,윤형기,장수원,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck represents approximately 2.0∼4.0% of all malignant tumors, with an etiology closely associated with smoking, drinking and various genetic alterations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of MIB-1, p53, bcl-2 and apoptosis according to degree of differentitation of squamous cell carcinoma. Methods and Material : forty-eight cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck were selected for this study. MIB-1, p53, bc1-2 expression rate were studied by iromunogistochemical staining and the number of apoptosis observed by TUNEL method. Results : The expressioins of MIB-1, p53, bcl-2 and apoptosis were found in 56.3%, 50.0%, 14.6%, 85.4%, of 48 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. The expression of MIB-1, p53 and apoptosis were more higher in poorly differentiated cases than well differentiated cases. MIB-1 expression was related with p53 mutation (p<0.05) and apoptosis rate(p<0.05). Conclusion : From these results. the expressions of MIB-1, bcl-2 and apoptosis were related with degree of differentiation of squamous cell carcinoma and correlation among these parameters.

관광기업의 무차입경영전략에 관한 연구

원융희,이미혜 용인대학교 산업경영연구소 2005 산업경영논총 Vol.12 No.-

Today, Tourism Enterprises have faced with difficult environment. Therefore tourism enterprises have exerted all possible efforts and strategies of management to raise the real value of tourism enterprises. The purpose of this study was to propose the improvement plan of financial management about the unborrowing management of tourism enterprises. To achieve the purpose of his study, literature research and cases collects, and objective and scientific analysis were theories review and case studies. The unborrowing management strategies of Tourism Enterprises are five strategies : individualization, new business investment, the inner management, a superior financial structure, tourism market control force. The financial management of tourism enterprises have to unborrowing managements and enlarging net worth to enterpirses.

구강 편평세포암종의 Matrix Metalloproteinase(MMP)-1, 2, 3, 9와 Tissue Inhibitors of MMP(TIMP)-1, 2의 발현 양상의 비교 및 상호 연관성

노영서,한지용,김용환,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : nvasiveness of squamous cell carcinoma in oral cavity is associated with poor prognosis, and MMPs have an important role in degradation of extracellular matrix and bawement membrane of vessil walls. Increased expressions of MMPs is related to infiltrative growth and lymph node metastases in human cancers. In normal tissue, there is balanced secretions of MMPs and TIMPs, but impaired balance of MMPs and TIMPs was noted in cancer tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression rates of MMP-1, 2, 3 and TIMP 1 and 2 in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and relationship between MMPs and TIMPs expression and histologic grade and invasion pattern. Methods and Material : Pathologic review of fifty cases of squamous cell carcinoma during a period of Mar. 1994 to Feb. 2000 based on histologic grade and invasion pattim and immunohistochemical stains for MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9 and TIMP-1, 2 were done. Statistical analysis between MMPs and TIMP s expression rate and pathologic parameters and relationship between MMPs and TIMPs were performed. Results : Expression rates of MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9were 32.0%, 38.0%, 22.0% and 20.0%, respectively. MMP-2 expression rate was higher in well differentiated carcinomas and in cases with less-infiltrative pattern. Other MMPs show slightly higher expression rate in well differentiated carcinomas, but there were no statistical significances. There were no significant differences of MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9 expression rates according to invasion pattern. Expression rates of TIMP-1 and TIM-2 were 22.2% and 48.0%, respectively, and there were no significant differences according to histologic grade and invasion pattern. Significant correlations of MMP-1, 2, 3 and 9 expressions except between MMP-2 and MMP-3 were noted, but there were no significant correlations between MMPs and TIMPs expression. Conclusion : Conclusions: In well differentiated and less infiltrative squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity, expression rates of MMPs, especially MMP-2, were high. And there were positive correlation between MMPs, but no correlation between MMPs and TIMPs. These findings suggest that MMPs may have a role in tumor developent of a subset of squamous cell carcinoma with less aggressive behavior and MMPs may involve in early stage of tumor progression.

치성 낭종의 임상-병리학적 소견과 TGF-α 및 TGF-β 발현

한경민,김용환,박진혁,윤형기,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Periapical cyst is a relatively common disease but heterogenous in histogenesis, and inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of varying degree are associated in the cystic wall. The aim of thes study is to evaluate the clinico-pathologic characteristics such as patient's age, ses, location, and the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst and the role of TGF-α and TGF-β cytokines in the inflammed periapical cyst. Methods and Material : The materials were 43 cases of periapical cyst and clinical information with age, sex, location(maxilla vs mandible, right vs left, region involved) were recorded. Histopathological examination on the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis and immunohistochemical stining for TGF-α and TGF-β were perfomed. Satistical analyses between clinical parameters, the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and expressions for TGF-α and TGF-β were followed. Results : 1. Thirt(69.8%) of 43 cases were older than 20 year-old. and no significant differences of incidence according to patient's sex was noted. In 25(58.1%) out of 43 case. 20(54.1%) out of 37 cases, and 20(48.8%) of 41cases, the cyst was located on the maxilla. in right side and in premolar region respectively. 2. The cysts of developmental and inflammatory origin were 24(55.8%) and 19(44.2%) of 43 cases, respectively and there were no siginificant differences of patient's age, sex, and location of cysts according to the origin of cysts. 3. Fibrosis was more conspicuous in cases older than 20 year-old. (p=0.0179), but no significant difference in the degree of inflammatory reaction according to patient's age and in the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis according to sex and location of the cysts were seen. 4. Inflammatory reaction was slightly more in cysts of inflammatory origin, but no significant defferences in degree of inflammation and fibrosis according to origin of the cysts. 5. The degree of inflammatory reaction and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions showed a tendency of positive correlation(p=0.1563), but there were no statistically significant relationships between the degree of inflammation and fibrosis and TGF-α and TGF-β expressions. 6. In the cysts of developmental origin, TGF-α expression in the epithelial cells was significantly increased than inflammatory origin, but TGF-α and TGF-β expressions in the inflammatory cells and stromal cells showed no significant difference according to the origin Conclusion : The degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cysts was different according to patient's age and location of the cyst. TGF-α and TGF-β cystokines seemed to be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst, however, TGF-α and TGF-β expressions was not parallel to the degree of inflammatory reaction and fibrosis. These results suggest that other cytokines in addition to TGF-α and TGF-β may also be involved in the inflammatory reaction and fibrosis of periapical cyst. Increased TGF-expression in the epithelial cells of the cysts of developmental origin could be a helpful finding to defferentiate the origin of the periapical cyst.

구강에 발생한 편평상피암종의 MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 발현과 EGFR 및 E-cadherin 발현의 상호연관성

조성재,권창석,김용환,윤혜경,김우형,이희철 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.4

Objective : Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) are involved in the degradation of extracellular matrix, which is related to infiltrative growth and metastasis of tumor. Positive correlation between MMPs expression and clinico-pathologic parameters were reported, and MMPs expressions were regulated by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases(TIMPs) or cell adhesion molecules such as E-cadherin and epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR). The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and clinico-pathologic factors such as clinical stage. recurrence. histologic grade and invasion pattern, and between MMP-2 and MMP-9 Expressions and TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and E-cadherin expressions. Methods and Material : The materials were 55 cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, and immunohisdtochemical studies for MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, E-cadherin and EGFR were performed. Clinico-pathologic factors such as clinical stage, recurrence, histologic grade and invasion pattern were recorded through microscopic examination and clinical record review. Statistical analyses between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and clinico-pathologic factors, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions and EGFR and E-cadherin expressions were done. Results : 1. MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions were noted in 30(54.5%) and 22(40.0%) of 55 cases, respectively. TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions were observed in 21(38.2%) and 33(60.0%), and E-cadherin and EGFR expressions were found in 35(63.6%) and 26(47.3%) of 55 cases, respectively. 2. MMP-2 expression rate was slightly higher in cases without recurrence, and TIMP-2 expression rate was slightly higher in cases showing more infiltrative growth pattern. However, there were no significant differences of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expression rates according to other clinico-pathologic parameters were noted. 3. The expression rate of EGFR was higher in cases with well differentiation (p=0.0047), but no positive relationship between the expression rate of E-cadherin and histologic grade was found. There were no significant differences of the expression rates of E-cadherin and EGFR according to other clinico-pathologic parameters. 4. Cases with positive reaction for MMP-9 showed an increasing tendency of negative reaction for TIMP-1. However, signigicant relationships between MMP-2, MMP-9 expressions and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 expressions were not noted. 5. The expression rate of MMP-2 was higher in cases with positive reaction for Ecadherin and EGFR with no statistical significance. The expression rate of MMP-9 was significantly higher in cases with positive reaction for E-cadherin(p=0.0221), but there was no significant relationship between MMP-9 and EGFR expression. Conclusion : These results suggest that MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expressions are involved in the development of oral squamos cell carcinomas, but MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 expressions might not seem to be a sueful prognostic factors because there were no significant relationship between clinicopathologic parameters, EGFR expression showed positive correlation with low histologic grace, so EGFR expression could be regarded as a good prognostic factor. In the progression of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity, MMP-9 and E-cadherin might be involved with positive correlation, but there were no significant correlations between MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EGFR expressions rate. Further study for other factors such as cytokines or growth factors except TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and EGFR will be needed.

재생 폴리에텔렌의 기계적 성질 : 충격 보강재 효과에 대하여

계형산,강경민,박종훈,정융권,이상환 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 2002 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구는 재활용이 가능한 폴리에틸렌 필름 등에 비산회(Fly Ash) 등의 충진재를 사용하여, 신재와 물성을 비교하여 재생 PE의 재활용 가능성 및 사용 가능한 충진재의 종류를 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 또한 본 연구에서는 치합형 동방향 회전 이축 압출기(Fully Intermeshing Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder)를 이용해서 재생 Polyethylene에 비산회 및 다양한 충진재(filler)를 첨가하여 ASTM에 의거하여 충격시편을 만들었고, 각 충진재의 무게비에 따른 충진재 충격 시험을 하였으며 Capillary Rheometer를 이용하여 유변학적인 성질을 분석해 보았다.