Classification of Product Knowledge : A Conceptual Discussion

Yoon, Sung-Wook,Lisa L. Scribner 東亞大學校 經營大學 2004 經營硏究 Vol.- No.17

Subjective product knowledge is now a new construct, but in fact has been defined and measured in a plethora of ways. Existing subjective knowledge measures range from a single item (Peracchio and Tybout 1996) to multi-item scales (Flynn and Goldsmith 1999). Regardless of whether the instruments use single or multiple indicators, they simply measure consumers' overall subjective knowledge and treat the construct as unidimensional. As previously discussed, consumer product knowledge is a multidimensional construct (Alba and Hutchinson 1987; Biswas and Sherrell 1993). This multidimensionality should not be confined to measuring objective knowledge. In other words, it equally applies to subjective knowledge. Throughout this paper it was pointed out discrepancies in findings (e.g., relationship between knowledge and search) that are mainly due to the dearth of valid, multidimensional instruments. Unfortunately, such a scale does not exist. Therefore, future research should develop a scale that captures multidimensional aspects of consumer knowledge. Theory-driven, multidimensional subjective knowledge scales should prove useful to marketing practitioners as well. An essential in consumer-oriented markets is understanding the consumer. Part of understanding consumers is understanding how much they know. For instance, a marketer of a new, highly technological product can administer a multidimensional subjective project knowledge scale to learn about the perceived knowledge distribution of his target market. If it is discovered that the target market is largely comprised of novices, the marketer may want to educate the potential consumers in terms of the terminology associated with the product, the product's attributes, the purchasing procedures, and the different uses for the product. Promotional campaigns can be orientated accordingly. If educating the consumer is not of concern, then the marketer may want to place more emphasis on peripheral cues in advertising. A marketer may find him/herself in the situation where most of the target market for his/her product is high on the knowledge continuum. This marketer, for example, will experience more liberties in terms of terminology of message arguments.

Protective Effects of N-acetylcystenine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in Rats

Yeo-sung Yoon,Sun-don Kim,Min-hye Lee,Heung-shik S.Lee,In-se Lee,Je-kyung Sung,Eun-sung Park 대한수의학회 2003 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.4 No.2

Effects of N-acetylcysteine and Selenium against Doxorubicin Toxicity in RatsEun-sung Park, Sun-don Kim1, Min-hye Lee, Heung-shik S. Lee, In-se Lee, Je-kyung Sung and Yeo-sung Yoon*

공동주택에서의 건식 경량벽체 실용화 연구 : 드라이 월 시스템의 수평하중 저항성 및 내충격성을 중심으로

윤상천 경주대학교 지역개발연구소 2001 地域開發論叢 Vol.- No.4

This study is to assess the partition wall's resistance capability against cracks or distortions caused by outside impact including human body pressure as well as general objects. This test aims at providing possible usage of wall systems through analysing composition method's impact on performance for partition wall at home after research on the performance criteria and test methods for the Horizontal and Impact ldad resistance at home and abroad. The test results show that the performance is up to the composition of components of gypsum board's partition fall. In order words, more resistance can be obtained under the following condition : the more narrow the distance between steel studs is and the thicker the gypsum board's thickness when the distance between studs remain the same.

腦卒中後 腦萎縮에 대한 調經論的 接近

윤상협,이종수 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2001 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2000 No.-

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection effect of estrogen on brain atrophy following cerebral infarction. Method : All animals in this study were classified into 4 groups; ovariectomy group (OVXgroup), cerebral infarction group (INF group), combination ovariectomy and cerebral infarction group ( OVX + INF group), and naturally intact group for control data (NOR group ). Cerebral infarction was made by Chen's method with some modification. Ovariectomy was performed by Wayforth's method. Experimental data for each group was collected at 15days, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after starting observation. Serum 17β-estradiol(E2) was determined by radioimmunoassay. Brain volume was measured and calculated with image analysis. Each brain was sliced at intervals of 2mm in chamber after 30 min of freezing in refregerater. Cerebral volume was obtained by sum of volume of each slice level, which was mean area × 2mm. Results : Cerebral ischemia was fou8nd to decrease the serum concentration of 17β-estradiol and to inhibit the physiologically conpensatary function of the ovariectomized rats. Also we found that deprivation of estrogen have resulted in more severe cerebral atrophy followed by cerebral infarction. Conclusion : It is suggested that estrogen has a neuroprotection effect on cerebral atrophy following cerebral infarction.(J Korean Oriental Med 2000;21(4):9-15)

태권도 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 모델에 관한 연구

尹尙華,柳柄官 龍仁大學校 1995 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.11 No.-

The purpose of this study is an attempt to identify a new Taekwondo training method from current general training theory. Taekwondo has become reconsigned through out the world as a modern martial art sports. But the current method of training continuos to rely heavily on traditional training methods. Therefore this research, by using the GAS(general adaption syndrome)theory and periodization method, will seek to establish a new training methodology. For this end we will combined the GAS theory and periodization method to form a new training frame work. Generally speaking, modern training methods rely almost entirely on the individual coach's personal experience. This kinds of method is hardly scientific and ignores the individual player's unique characteristics. So effective training is that which enables the players to execute superior technical actions during the most significant competitions and empowers them wish optimum physical condition. Consequently, taekwondo training methodology must persue a more comprehensive and scientific process of development.

태권도선수들의 참여동기 및 생활만족도

윤상화 龍仁大學校 2003 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.21 No.-

The Purpose of this study was to be use for more rational, systematic instruction for students who are a Taekwondo players as of 2002 in elementary school, middle hight school and university, by examining the relationship of gender, edcational level and social class to the motivation of being a Taekwondo players and to satisfaction, and of relationship of participation intensity and personal training to satisfaction. The results of this study are as Follows, First, as to the relationship of general characteristics to motivation, gender, educational level and social class made a significant difference to cognitive motivation. The stronger cognitive motivation was possessed by the male players than the players from the lower class. Second, as to the relationship of general characteristics to satisfaction, the male players expressed better psychological, satisfaction than the female players. By educational level, the university players were more contented psychologically and environmentally than the high school players. By social class, there was to significant satisfaction gap between the upper, middle and lower classes.

무통성 혈뇨를 주소로 내원한 58세 남자환자

尹常敏,金佐濬 대한의사협회 1999 대한의사협회지 Vol.42 No.12

성장기 골격성 Ⅰ급 부정교합 환자의 정모두부방사선 계측의 특징

성상진,문윤식,김정국,정현성 대한치과교정학회 2001 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.31 No.2

악안면 기형과 부정 교합의 성공적인 교정 치료를 위하여 안모의 3차원적인 평가가 필수적이지만 교정의사는 주로 측모두부방사선사진에 기초한 진단 및 치료계획에 익숙하다. 이는 정모두부방사선사진에 관한 계측치, 악골의 폭경 성장에 관한 지식과 임상적 의의에 대하여 관심이 부족한 때문으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 골격성 I 급 부정교합으로 진단된 6세에서 16세 사이의 남자 130명과 여자 171명을 대상으로 정모두부방사선사진 상의 두개골 및 상하악골의 폭경을 계측하여, 연령과 경추골 발육지표(CVMI)에 따른 변화 양상을 알아보았다. 다항 회귀모형(polynominal regression models)과 변수선택법(method of variable selection)을 이용하여 적합한 회귀모형(regresslon model)을 각 성별에서 선택하고 이를 이용하여 연령에 따른 각 계측치의 평균 및 개별 계측치(individual measurement)의 70% 신뢰구간(confidence interval)을 추정하여 그래프로 작성하였으며, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.모든 폭경 계측치는 나이 또는 CVMI의 증가에 따라 점차 증가하였으며,6세부터 16세까지의 총변화량은 상악골 폭경보다는 하악골 폭경이 그리고 여자보다는 남자에서 더 많은 경향을 나타내었다. 2.Mx-Mn difference, Mx-Mn width differential, Mx/Mn ratio는 연령과 CVMI에 따른 남녀간의 유의차가 없었다. 3.회귀모형을 이용하여 나이에 따른 남녀 계측치의 평균 및 신뢰구간을 70%로 추정하여 상악골폭경,하악골 폭경, Mx-Mn difference, Mx/Mn ratio에 대한 그래프를 얻었다. 4.한국인의 상하악골 폭경은 성장기 동안 서양인에 비하여 큰 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구의 결과를 성장기 부정교합 환자의 폭경 성장 평가와 폭경 부조화의 진단에 이용한다면 치아 석고모형 만을 이용하는 한계를 적절히 보완할 수 있다고 생각된다 Three dimensional analysis of malocclusion and craniofacial deformation is essential for the successful orthodontic treatment. But the orthodontists are not familiar with diagnosis and treatment plane based on lateral cephalometric analysis. Since orthodontists do not posses a sufficient knowledge in standard value of posteroanterior cephalometric analysis and of clinical importance for transverse jaw growth. In this study male(n=130) and female(n=171) aged from 6 to 16 and diagnosed as Class I malocclusion were selected to analysis width of cranium, maxilla and mandible on the posteroanterior cephalogram. The changes as a function of chronologic age and cervical vertebrae maturity index(CVMI) were examined. The proper regression model was selected by sex with polynominal regression models and method of variable selection. Mean of each measurements and 70% confidence interval of individual measurement according to age was assesed and a graphs were made. Results are as follows : 1.All the measurements for the width are gradually inclesed as increase in chronologic age and CVMI. From the total amount of change between age 6 and 16, there is a tendency that mandibular width is broader than maxillary width and the width of male is broader than female. 2.There is no statistically significant sexual difference in Mx-Mn difference, Mx-Mn width differential, Mx/Mn ratio according to age and CVMI. 3.Mean of each measurement and 70% confidence interval of individual measurement according to age and sex were assessed and graphs were made for maxillary width, mandibular width, Mx-Mn difference, Mx/Mn ratio. 4.The width of maxilla and mandible in Korean children are broader than Western children during growth period.

오훼돌기 절제술에 의한 개구장애의 치료

윤현중,이상화,박철홍 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2001 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.23 No.4

There are many causes of trismus. Aetiology can be roughly divided into muscle spasm, mechanical interference, extracapsular ankylosis, intracapsular ankylosis. Trismus caused by mechanical interference between postero-lateral wall of zygoma-maxillary complex and coronoid process following reduction of fractured facial bone is rare. Especially on maxillary bone fracture, when we faced the trismus following removal of intermaxillary fixation, we got used to solve that problem by physical exercise, We obtained good resurts by coronoidectomy on patients with limited mouth opening who were referred from department of plastic surgery, St. Marys' hospital, the Catholic university of Korea. We report our experience with literature review.

단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치

윤상일,최형준,김성오,이제호,손흥규 大韓小兒齒科學會 2004 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

본 증례에서는 단일 치근을 가진 하악 제1유구치에 대해 서술하고자 한다. 5세 남아의 하악 제1유구치는 방사선 사진 검사결과 양측성으로 분명한 단일치근을 가진 것으로 나타났다. 보통 상악 구치는 3개의 치근을, 하악 구치는 2개의 치근을 가지나, 치아의 발육시기도중 Hertwig상피근초가 제 시기에 적절히 함입되지 못하면 치근이 서로 나뉘지 못하여 치근의 융합이 발생될 수 있다. 융합된 치근을 가진 구치는 정상적인 구치보다 불리한 치관-치근 비율을 가질 뿐 아니라, 여러 보고에 의하면 융합된 치근을 가진 사람은 다수 치아의 선천적 결손이나, 상악 전치에서 치내치가 발현될 확률이 높아 예방적 치과 치료가 필요할 수 있다. 그리고, 외배엽이형성증, 합지증, 만지증, 청색공막증과 같은 전신 질환과 연관되어 나타날 수도 있다고 한다. 치근융합은 유전적으로 상염색체 열성 유전을 따른다고 밝혀진 바 있다. 현재까지 단일 치근을 가진 구치는 대부분 영구 구치에서 많이 보고된 바 있지만, 유구치에서는 거의 보고된 바가 없기에 이에 보고하는 바이다. In this case, we would like to discuss about the single rooted deciduous mandibular first molar. The deciduous mandibular molar of a five years old boy was shown to have a single root, bilaterally. Ordinarily, the maxilary molars have three roots and the mandibular molars have two roots. However, when the hertwig's epithelial root sheath do not invaginate properly during tooth development, root fusion can occur from the absence of root separation. Molars with fused roots not only have unfavorable crown to root ratio, but also according to many reports, have higher probability of having multiple congenitally missing teeth or dens invaginatus in the maxillary incisors, consequently requiring preventive dental treatment. In addition, disorders such as ectodermal dysplasia, syndactyly, clinodactyly, bluish sclera can also be related to this condition. Root fusion is known to be of autosomal recessive inheritance. Up to date, single rooted molars have been reported several times in permanent dentitions but hardly in deciduous dentition, which is the motive for this paper.