홧병 경험군과 홧병 비경험군간의 홧병의 질병개념에 대한 비교연구

홍진표,김창윤,이창화,김성윤,박인호,이철,한오수 울산대학교 의과대학 1995 울산의대학술지 Vol.4 No.2

Objective The concept of Hwa-byung in terms of illness entity remains vague. In order to clarify such illness entity, this study was conducted to find out differences and similarities in subjects who experienced Hwa-byung and those who did not experienced Hwa-byung from a wide distribution within the general population. Method (1) Test Material The questionnaires were made up with reference to previously published articles on Hwa-byung, to SCL-90-R and to diagnostic criteria of DSM-Ⅲ-R. The questionnaires included the subject's demographic variables, their awareness of Hwa-byung, their experience of Hwa-byung, and also their opinions about its possible causes, precipitating factors, symptomatology, effective treatment modalities, course and prognosis of Hwa-byung. Such questionnaires were given to 50 subjects, all of whom are psychiatric out-patients at Asan Medical Center, for determining its validity and reliability before selecting 27 questionnaires. (2) Subject Subjects were recruited from among patients and their family members who visited the out-patient clinics of seven different departments at Asan Medical Center in Seoul a large metropolis (N=334), the out-patient clinics of seven different departments of Hae Sung General Hospital in the industrial city of Ulsan, Korea (N=299) and the seven branches of the public health center of Yeonchun county, Korea (N=262), a rural area. From these 895 subjects, 67 subjects who don't know about Hwa-byung and 34 subjects who didn't answered to the question on experience were eliminated from study subjects. The final number of study subjects was 794. (3) Methods of analysis The subjects were divided into the Hwa-byung experienced group and the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. The demographic data and the concepts of Hwa-byung were statistically analyzed by the student t-test or the chi-sq test. Results and Discussion The mean age of the Hwa-byung experienced group is significantly higher than that of the Hwa-byung inexperienced group. MOre women experienced Hwa-byung than men and lesser educated subjects experienced significantly more Hwa-byung. The place of residence, the place of upbringing and socioeconomic status have no significant difference statistically between the two groups. Both groups considered the primary cause of Hwa-byung as being psychological origin. However in the Hwa-byung experienced group, more subjects considered that the supernatural factor was the primary cause of Hwa-byung. One of the primary precipitating events causing Hwa-byung in both groups is conflict in interpersonal relationships ; however, the Hwa-byung inexperienced group exhibited more experiences in the realm of economical losses such as "failure of business" or "loss of capital" as precipitating factors causing Hwa-byung. Both groups consider that the symptoms of Hwa-byung are a combination of multiple physical and mental symptoms. With particular respect to in mental symptoms, such as depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and hostility are thought to be prominent features. As effective treatment modalities, subjects in both groups consider that both himself and his family members should make effort to resolve intrafamilial conflicts. But in contrast with the Hwa-byung inexperienced group, the Hwa-byung experienced group requires more concrete and more attention-giving modalities as important treatment strategies. The Hwa-byung experienced group considers its prognosis more grave than the Hwa-byung inexperienced group.

습지-저류지에 의한 하구 담수호 수질개선 효과 예측

윤춘경 ( Yoon Chun Gyeong ),함종화 ( Ham Jong Hwa ) 한국농공학회 2000 韓國農工學會誌 : 전원과 자원 Vol.42 No.5

Investigated was the effectiveness of a constructed wetland system on water quality in Hwa-Ong estuarine reservoir, located in Hwasung-Gun, Kyunggi-Do. Procedures for estimation of pollutant loading from watershed and required area for natural systems, and simulation of corresponding reservoir water quality were reviewed. Generally, simulated reservoir water quality was within the reasonable range, and about 15% of total polder farmland was required to meet the agricultural water quality standards. The model was applied based on the current loading condition without additional treatment systems. Wetland system is an ecologically sound treatment system. Therefore, natural systems can be an alternative measure for water quality improvement in polder projects. The area for natural systems was estimated using literature value which might be acceptable at the planning stage. However, pilot system and its experimental data are requisite for large scale field application. WASP5 was proved to be a useful and versatile model, and its application to estuarine reservoir water quality simulation was thought to be appropriate.

Do We Still Use The Camitta"s Criteria For Severe Aplastic Anemia?

( Hyun Hwa Yoon1 ),( Sung Hyun Kim1 ),( Ji Hyun Lee ),( Seok Jae Huh ),( Suee Lee ),( Sung Yong Oh ),( Hyuk Chan Kwon ),( Hyo Jin Kim ) 대한내과학회 2011 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2011 No.-

Three-Dimensional Z-Plasty(Yoon's Method)를 이용한 내안각 췌피 성형술

박흥식,김우신,윤진호,나민화,김한중 대한미용성형외과학회 1997 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.3 No.1

The presence of epicanthal folds in Asian eyelids is one of their unique features, in combination with the lack of supratarsal folds. Western culture has influenced many people to prefer to eliminate the prominent epicanthal fold. A number of surgical techniques have been suggested for their correction. However, difficulty with design, excessive and prominent scarring of medial canthal and nasal area, recurrence, and rigidity of application are potential problems associated with many procedures. This paper describes a epicanthoplasty with three-dimensional Z-plasty. Through epicanthal fold incision, the medial canthal tendon is medially advanced and sutured to the periosteum of nasal bone. After the transposition of the flaps, trimming of the flap is usually required. Three-dimensional Z-plasty creates the attractive eyes. From March, 1995 to March, 1997, the technique was applied to 37 patients with epicanthal fold and was performed with or without double-fold operation. There were 34 females and 3 males with ages ranging from 17 to 30 years. Through 2 years follow-up, this technique has delivered esthetically good results with minimal postoperative scar and could made the reduction of ICD from 40 ± 2.13 mm to 34 ± 1.98 mm. The advantages of epicanthoplasty procedure using three-dimensional Z-plasty(Yoon's method) are as follows; 1) simple in design 2)minimal postoperative scar in the medial canthal area 3) versatile in its application 4) no recurrence 5) no hypertrophic scar 6) preserving ethnic identity.

SWMM 과 희귀분석법에 의한 유역의 오염부하량 산정 비교

윤춘경(Chun Gyeong Yoon),전지홍(Ji Hong Jeon),함종화(Jong Hwa Ham) 한국물환경학회 2001 한국물환경학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Rating curve method and SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) were applied to estimate pollution loading from Hwa-Ong watershed in Kyunggi-Do. Sampling data from monitored sites were used to derive rating curves and calibrate SWMM, and they were applied to the whole watershed including non-monitored subcatchments. Overall, the results from these methods were comparable and the loadings were in the same range and the difference was acceptable considering complicated natural pollutant loading processes. However, inconsistency was observed among the subcatchments. The pollutant loading estimates from two subcatchments with similar area were almost identical in rating curve methods, while the difference was significant in SWMM methods. Rating curve method can be a reliable tool to estimate pollutant loading from watershed if it is fully monitored, but it may generate large error during extrapolation to non-monitored area. SWMM is a comprehensive hydrologic model with great diversity that it can incorporate watershed characteristics like land use effects which is not available in rating curve methods. Therefore, it is recommended to use reasonable watershed model rather than rating curve and unit loading methods for the estimation of pollutant loading from watershed

아산시 송악저수지의 수질오염 현황 및 부영양화 저감방안 연구

손부순,염윤기,이종화,장봉기,박종안 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the water pollution load, water quantity and quality of inflow stream, status of water pollution and reduction of eutrophication in the Song-ak lake in Asan city. Inflow of branch to Song-ak lake has three streams, one is Eu-gok stream which has the most width of inflow area and another is Dong-hwa stream and the other is Ma-gok stream. The sampling numbers for water quality are 30 points from the sediment of bottom in the Song-ak lake from June, 1997 to ay, 1998. Water quality had been tested for water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen(DO), chemical oxygen demand(COD), suspended solid(SS), total nitrogen(T-N), total phosphorus(T-P), colony numbers of E. coli, chlorophyll-α. The total nitrogen, total phosphorus and heavy metals(Fe, Pb, Cd) were analyzed by the migration test of the sediment. The results were as follows; The rate of water pollution by the livestock wastewater of the total water pollution load for BOD, SS, T-N and T-P were 59.8%, 82.9%, 56.1% and 90.6%, respectively. Mean daily inflow was 25,369m3. Quantity of inflow was highest at Eu-gok stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, and colony numbers of E. coli of the inflow water were 7.52, 10.25mg/ℓ, 2.12 mg/ℓ, 3.03 mg/ℓ, 2.25 mg/ℓ, 0.11 mg/ℓ and 1,795/100㎖, respectively. The worst inflow water quality was observed at Dong-hwa stream. The mean levels of pH, DO, COD, SS, T-N, T-P, T-N/T-P and colony numbers of E. coli at Song-ak lake were 8.06, 9.32mg/ℓ, 6.83 mg/ℓ, 4.78 mg/ℓ, 1.66 mg/ℓ, 0.115 mg/ℓ, 20.75 and 64/100㎖, respectively. these are higher than class IV by environmental water quality standards for lake. Mean level of trophic state index was 59.4. The mean levels of T-N, T-P, Fe and Pb by migration test of sediment at Song-ak lake were 259.7ppm, 10.546ppm, 1,704ppm and 8.54ppm, respectively. As the water pollution was mainly caused by livestock waste, the strategy for the reduction of eutrophication of the Song-ak lake should be concentrated on the control of the livestock waste.

양격산화탕(凉膈散火湯)의 항염증(抗炎症) 효과에 대한 연구

탁미진,탁명림,강경화,고우신,윤화정,Tak, Mi-Jin,Tark, Myoung-Rim,Kang, Kyoung-Hwa,Ko, Woo-Shin,Yoon, Hwa-Jung 대한한방안이비인후피부과학회 2010 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 Vol.23 No.1

Objective: Yang Geouk San Hwa - Tang (YGSHT) has been widely used in Sasang Constitutional Medicine of Korea for treatment of acute inflammatory symptom, such as palatine tonsillitis, polydipsia, headache, papule, pimple however, the mechanism of its anti-inflammatory activity has not been clarified. In this study, therefore, we investigated the mechanism of the inhibitory effect of YGSHT on LPS-induced inflammation. Materials and methods: The effect of YGSHT was analyzed by ELISA, RT-PCR and Western blotting in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Results: We found that YGSHT suppressed not only the production of pre-inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-$\alpha$), the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE)2, but also the mRNA expression of pre-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, YGSHT was shown to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 and the activation and translocation of NF-kB from cytosol to nuclear in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions: These results suggest that YGSHT exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through the regulation of the ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 pathway and NF-kB pathway, thereby decreasing production of pre-inflammatory cytokines, NO, and PGE2.

乙巳保護條約의 國際法的 效力에 관한 硏究

윤화우 大邱大學校 社會科學硏究所 1997 社會科學硏究 Vol.4 No.1

日本의 韓國에 대한 侵略은 露日戰爭이 끝나기 前부터 본격화하여 1904年 韓日議定書의 締結로 군사기지 및 내정간섭의 기초를 마련하였다. 1905年 Portmouth條約에는 노골적이어서 1905年 11月 18日 乙巳條約을 강제로 체결, 韓國의 對外主權을 강탈하고 高宗을 강제로 물러나게 하고 괴뢰내각을 세웠으며, 군대해산·사법권의 찬탈·경찰해산에 이어 形式的인 合倂條約을 1910年 8月 29日 締結하였다. 이와 같이 日本이 韓國을 침략해 나가는 일련의 條約중 가장 중요한 것은 1905年의 乙巳保護條約으로 그 이후에는 실제적으로 괴뢰내각을 세워 日本이 마음대로 해 나갔을 뿐 아니라, 法律的으로도 外交官을 포함한 對外管轄權을 保護國인 日本이 갖고 있었기 때문에 國際社會에서는 더 이상 國家가 아니었다. 특히 乙巳保護條約이 締結되는 과정에 있어서는 國家에 대한 强迫 이외에 國家代表에 대한 强迫이 있었다는 사실은 수많은 歷史的 文獻에 의하여도 명백하다. 이러한 근거로 乙巳保護條約은 無效인 것이다. 따라서 乙巳保護條約의 國際法的 效力問題는 결국 歷史的·政治的 및 法的 側面에서 다양하게 접근되어야 할 것인 바, 本 硏究에서는 당시 東北亞國際關係를 중심으로 政治的 側面에서, 그리고 日本의 한국침략과 乙巳條約의 締結은 그 체결경위를 중시하여 歷史的 接近法을 원용하고, 乙巳保護條約의 效力과 日本의 침략행위에 따른 國際責任을 논함에 있어서는 敍述的·文獻的 硏究方法에 의해 國際法的 側面에서 分析·접근함으로써 結論을 도출해 내는 방번을 채택할 것이다.

디지털문화혁명과 하나님의 교육나라

윤화석 한국기독교교육정보학회 2003 기독교교육정보 Vol.6 No.-

Das Pa˙dagogische Reich Gottes, die theoretisch-praktische Religionspadagogik, die Ausgleichung aufeinanderstossender kna˙ftigen Wissenschaften, Gottesebenbildlichkeit, Bildung als Prozess und Resultat, Rechtfertigungslehre, die Pha¨nomene der digitalen Kulturrevolution Die wo¨rtlich-begrifliche Betrachtung der Religionspadagogik zeigt uns die Entwicklungstendenz, die die theoretisch-praktische Religionspa¨dagogik unabha˙ngig von der dominanten Wissenschaften, z.B. Theologie, Philosophie, Pa¨dagogik, Soziologie, Psychologie usw. ist. In der Auseinandersetzung mit den anderen Wissenschaften geht es bei Religionspa¨dagogik um das Verha˙ltnis als Gespra¨chpartner. Die Religionspa¨dagogik hat die PotentiaIita¨t als die Ausgleichung aufeinanderstossender kra¨ftigen Wissenschaften und kann theoretisch das Kriterium auf lntegrita¨t aller Wissenschaften anbieten. In diesem Sinne soIl die Religionspa¨dagogik ihre ldentita˙t als die Wissenschaftlichkeit der Praxis und kritische Reflexion neu orientiern. Der Ansatz des padagogischen Reich Gottes zielt zuerst auf die theoretische Forschung u¨ber die Bibel, konkret die didaktische Auseinandersetzung mit den biblischen Inhalten. Dadurch kann die Religionspa¨dagogInnen die religionsdidaktische Perspektive an die gesamte Bibel haben Der Ansatz des pa˙dagogischen Reich Gottes zlelt zugleich auf die Praxis, in der der Mensch die pa¨dagogische Forderung Gottes beantwortet werden soll. Mann kann dieses praktische Feld als das Padagogische Reich Gottes nennen, in dem die Bildung und Erziehung Gottes sich entstanden, entwickelt und entfaltet wird. Die wichtige Begriffe meiner Thesen, die hier nur als Stichwort gezeigt werden, sind Gottesebenbildlichkeit, Mensch als bildungsbedurftiges und bildungsfahiges Wesen, Bildung als Prozess und Resultat, Rechtfertigungslehre, Individuum als Subjekt seiner elgenen Bildung, Prozess der Transzendierung gegebener Unmittelbatkeit, Fahigkeit zur Selbstdistanzierung und Selbstrelativierung, Mo¨glichkeit zur Subjektwerdeng, Notwendigkeit einer politisch-gesellschaftlichen Praxis, Zweckfrei, Glaube als Form der Reflexion und als denkenden, kritischen Glaube, die Orientierung an Subjekt des Felds im Religionsunterricht usw. Durch die oben erwa¨hnten Begriffe kann man weitere positive bzw. negative Kritik an die Pha˙nomene der digitalen Kulturrevolution annehmen. Meiner Meinung nach kann man durch die Theorie des padagogischen Reich Gottes den Durchbruch des verkebrten Scheins der digitalen Kultur in der menschlichen Wirklichkeit vollziehen.

정맥내 통증자가조절법을 이용한 Nalbuphine-Ketorolac과 Butorphanol-Ketorolac의 술후 진통효과 비교

윤석화,이원형,손수창,신용섭,김윤희,양신영 충남대학교 의과대학 의학연구소 2003 충남의대잡지 Vol.30 No.1

This study aimed to compare analgegic efficacy, satisfaction score and side effect of nalbuphine-ketorolac and butorphanol-ketorolac by using intravenous patient controlled analgesia(IV-PCA) for postoperative anlgesia following a gastrectomy for stomach cancer. Ninety patients who had undergone gastrectomy for stomach cancer under general anesthesia were randomly divided into two groups. Each group recieived nalbuphine 50mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 1, n=45) and butorphanol 5mg with ketorolac 150mg(Group 2, n=45) by using IV-PCA during postoperative 48hrs. Assessments for pain with numerical rating scale(NRS), and side effects were evaluated at 2hr, 6hr, 12hr, 24hr, 36hr and 48hr after the operation. There were no significant difference in NRS for pain during rest, but Group 2 requested significantly greater amount of supplementary diclofenac during first 24 hours. Side effects were higher Group 1 in pruritus, nausea and vomiting and Group 2 in sedation, nausea and vomiting. This study suggests that adding ketorolac with intravenous nalbuphine or butrophanol in using an intravenous PCA can decrease analgesics requirement and improve analgesic property without the major morbidity like respiratory depression, but needs for the careful observation and treatment on the side effects like nausea. vomiting, pruritis and sedation...