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화상을 입힌 생쥐의 흉선과 비장 임파구아형과 조직학적 소견의 변화
한기택,안상태,강윤섭,임 풍 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4
Due to various documented abnormalities of cell mediated immunity, sepsis still remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality after initial survival from extensive thermal burn. However, the exact mechanisms of immunosuppression after extensive thermal burn remains uncertain. For th observation of immune state, changes of lymphocyte subpopulation have been usually measured in lymphocyte samples from peripheral blood by many reports, but it is only a small fraction of the total lymphocyte pool in the body, and may not present valid picture of the immunological state of the individual. Therefore, analysis of lymphocyte phenotype in thymus and spleen is thought to be necessary in understanding more exact mechanism of immunological changes in extensive thermal burn. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of immunocompetency by observing the changes of subpopulation of spleen and thymus lymphocyte using monoclolnal antibodies and changes of tissue with light microscope in burned mice. Cell populations were isolated from spleen and thymus of control and burned mice on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 21st postburn days(PBD). The cell populations were measured with monoclonal antibody by flow cytometry. The results were as follows: 1.In thymus, Thy 1.2+, L3T4+ and LYt2+ cells decreased markedly on the 3rd PBD. Thy 1.2+ and L3T4+ cells decreased also on 5th, 7th, 14th PBD and returned to control level on 21st PBD, but Lyt2+ cells increased more significantly than control after 3rd PBD and returned to normal on 21st PBD. Qa2+ cells revealed most significant reduction on 7th PBD. 2.In spleen, Thy 1.2+, L3T4+ and Ia+ cells increased on 3rd PBD and then decreased on 7th and 14th PBD. Lyt2+ cells increased in all the burned groups. Qa2+ cells increased on 3rd, 5th PBD and returned to normal level. L3T4+ cell/Lyt2+ cell ratio revealed signicant reduction, but they recovered by the 21st PBD. 3.In histopathologic findings of the spleen & thymus, the all cell subpoulations decreased at 1st PBD, but more increased than that of group of 3rd PBD. And then they revealed normal architecture after 5th PBD.
Design of compensators for the Fly-back type ZVS-QRC
Yoon-Taek Lim,Il-Sun Im,Uk-Youl Huh 전력전자학회 1992 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.1992 No.4
Fly-back type SMPS (Switching-Mode-Power-Supply) has been used on many area for its simplicity and reliability. The resonant switch is adopted to reduce its size and losses.<br/> Flyback type ZVS-QRC(Zero-Voltage-Switching-Quasi-Resonant-Converter) has 4 operation modes due to its switching conditions. State equation can be derived by the state space averaging method. It has zero in RHP(Right-Half-Plane). The zero in RHP makes the system response tardy or unstable when we construct the closed loop system.<br/> The Smith predictor is used to compensate the zero in RHP. Therefore the ZVS-QRC fly-back system can be converted to minimum phase system with first order all pass filter by Pade approximation. A PI controller is designed for regulating output voltage.<br/> Simulation has been performed in order to show the effectiveness of the algorithm.<br/>
Lim, Soo,Kwon, Sung-Youn,Yoon, Ji Won,Kim, So Yeon,Choi, Sung Hee,Park, Young Joo,Yoon, Ho Il,Chang, Yoon Seok,Lee, Jae Ho,Lee, Choon-Taek,Kim, Ki Woong,Park, Kyong Soo,Jang, Hak Chul NAASO, the Obesity Society 2011 Obesity Vol.19 No.3
<P>The age-related increase in body fat and decrease in muscle mass are associated with increased morbidity in elderly populations. Pulmonary function also decreases with age, but no study has investigated whether regional body composition is associated with pulmonary function in an older population. The Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging is a community-based cohort study of people aged > 65 years selected by random stratified sampling. Anthropometrics, biochemical factors, and lung function by spirometry were evaluated in 439 men (mean age of 75.9 ± 8.6 years) and 561 women (mean age of 76.0 ± 8.8 years). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was performed to assess the whole and regional body composition. Computed tomography (CT) was also used to measure fat or muscle distribution at the abdominal and mid-thigh levels. Although pulmonary function and muscle mass were inversely related to age, fat mass was not. After adjusting for age, height, BMI, smoking and exercise status, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fat mass in trunk or central area was inversely associated with lung function in both sexes (P < 0.01). Men with more muscle in trunk and mid-thigh level had better lung function (P < 0.01). The results of this community-based study show that regional body composition is significantly associated with lung function. Augmentation of muscle in the trunk and low extremity in men, and reduction of fat in the trunk and upper body in men and women may be helpful in maintaining lung function in the elderly population.</P>
Social Exclusion in Latin America under Neoliberalism, and a Possible Solution of Porto Alegre
( Taek Yoon Lim ) 고려대학교 스페인·라틴아메리카연구소 2013 스페인라틴아메리카연구 Vol.6 No.2
This paper discusses how Latin America`s social exclusion, along with inequality, accelerated in the context of neoliberalism, and investigates how participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre in the late 20th century proved a possible solution to the long-term social exclusion in Latin America. Latin America is characterized by widespread high inequality, and the inequality is not limited to the dimension of material resources but also includes a form of social exclusion. This social pathology became apparent in the rapid urbanization prevalent in Latin America. At the same time, neoliberalism integrated free market logic with democracy and thereby it justified neglect of the poor and also had influence on people`s depoliticization. Within this context, there was an experiment which took a different direction and substantially alleviated social exclusion of the poor: participatory budgeting in Porto Alegre, Brazil. This unique program, under the initial effort and the iconoclastic volition of the municipal government, encouraged the poor to participate in deciding policy, and provided real social welfare to the poor beneficiaries. In the process of democratization and alleviating social exclusion, it bypassed neoliberal marketizing practices and empowered the poor.