Evaluating the Heinrich Ratio between Direct and Indirect Costs of Industrial Accidents in South Korea

Yongil Jeon,Dong Ha Kim,Hee Chong Baek 위기관리 이론과 실천 2020 Crisisonomy Vol.16 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 산업재해로 인한 손실 발생 항목을 규정하고 각 항목별 손실액을 추정하여, 안전분야에서 독보적으로 사용되는 재해손실 직·간접비용 비율에 관한 하인리히의 주장을 한국 현실에서 검증하는 것이다. 문헌고찰을 통해 재해손실비용을 산출할 수 있는 직·간접 손실발생 항목을 도출하고 타당도를 검증하여 손실비용 추정모형을 제시하였다. 제조업과 건설업 및 서비스업에서 산업재해 발생 기업체의 최근 5년 자료를 사망재해, 중경상재해로 구분하여 추정모형에 대입하여 재해손실 직·간접비용을 산출하고, 이를 하인리히의 직·간접비용 비율과 비교하였다. 연구결과, 사망재해에서 직·간접비용의 비율은 1:6.2 이었고, 중경상재해에서 직·간접비용의 비율은 1:7.1로 하인리히가 제시한 1:4보다 높았다. 본 연구에서 제시한 추정모형은 사망 건당 재해손실비와 중경상사고 건당 재해손실비용의 산출과 사업장 재해손실비용 추정에 활용가능하다. In this study, we identified the costs, both tangible and intangible, that are incurred by workplace accidents in order to estimate the total financial losses. We then verified the Heinrich ratio that was originally derived in the U.S. almost 90 years ago. The Heinrich ratio indicates that the indirect costs of a workplace accident are typically 4 times higher than the direct costs (1:4). Our literature review produces the general estimation model which includes the detailed and comprehensive items on direct and indirect loss from workplace accidents. The latest five-year data on workplace accidents in South Korea were used for various sectors including manufacturing, construction and service industries. The data on both fatal and moderate accidents were collected to calculate the direct and indirect costs of workplace accidents in order to verify the validity of the Heinrich ratio of between direct and indirect costs of industrial accidents in South Korea. The ratio was found as 1:6.2 for fatal accidents and 1:7.2 for moderate accidents, which are higher than the ratio of 1:4, originally suggested by Heinrich. The findings of this study could be actively utilized in the company’s safety management and government policies.

Design and construction of the GK immersed tunnel of Busan-Geoje Fixed Link Project

Yongil Kim(김용일),Woongku Kim(김웅구),Jechun Kim(김제춘),Jungsang Lee(이정상),Kyoungo Kim(김경오) 한국암반공학회 2009 터널과지하공간 Vol.19 No.2

GK침매터널은 침매터널공법으로는 국내 최초이다. 국내 시공사례의 부재, 최대 수심 약 50m에서 이루어지는 침매함체 연결 및 연약지반 등 시공상 많은 어려움에도 불구하고 현재 여덟 개의 침매함체가 성공적으로 시공되었으며 올해 안에 열 두번째 함체까지 시공될 예정이다. 본 논문의 목적은 GK 침매터널에 대한 설계 및 시공 조건을 유사 프로젝트를 수행하는 터널공학자들에게 소개하여 용이하게 프로젝트를 수행할 수 있게 하기 위함이다. The GK immersed tunnel as a part of Busan-Geoje Fixed Link Project, is the first attempt in Korea. In spite of existing of many difficulties in construction like the absent of construction cases in Korea, the connection work under approximately 50 m below sea level and weak ground condition, etc., now eight caissons were installed successfully on the accurate position and we are going to install upto the twelfth caisson in this year. The purpose of this paper is to introduce design and construction conditions of the GK immersed tunnel to advise the tunnel designers who will handle the similar project.

Evaluation of quality of life and treatment satisfaction after treatment with biologics in patients with moderate and severe psoriasis

( Yongil Kim ),( Hoon Choi ),( Chanho Na ),( Minsung Kim ),( Bongseok Shin ) 대한피부과학회 2021 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.73 No.1

Application of a Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometric Method for the Determination of Butyltin Compounds in Sediment

Yongil Won,Pyong Gil Jung,Minyoung Chung,Byungjoo Kim*,Yongheon Yim,소헌영,Yong Seong Kim 대한화학회 2004 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.25 No.10

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometric (GC/MS) method has been developed for the determination of trace mono-n-butyltin (MBT), di-n-butyltin (DBT), and tri-n-butyltin (TBT) compounds in sediments. Samples were extracted by 10% acetic acid in methanol containing 0.03% tropolone and were then derivatized for GC/MS analysis. Ethylation by sodium tetraethylborate and phenylation by sodium tetraphenylborate were evaluated as a derivatization reaction of the organotins in sample extract. n-Hexane was added into reaction media in the beginning of the reaction for the continuous extraction of derivatized organotins. Ethylation requires less than 2 hours to get proper derivatization yields for MBT, DBT, and TBT altogether and produces relatively low amounts of side reaction products. Compared to ethylation, phenylation requires much longer time but provides relatively lower yield and produces considerable amounts of side reaction products. Therefore, the ethylation reaction was applied for the analysis of organotin compounds in sediment. An isotope dilution mass spectrometric (IDMS) method based on GC/MS has been applied to the accurate determination of DBT compounds in the sediments. The IDMS results from the analyses of sediment samples showed a reasonable repeatability and a good agreement with the values obtained by IDMS based on liquid chromatography/induced coupled plasma/mass spectrometry.

Collaborative occupancy reasoning in visual sensor network for scalable smart video surveillance

Yongil Cho,Sang Ok Lim,Hyun Seung Yang IEEE 2010 IEEE transactions on consumer electronics Vol.56 No.3

<P>Video surveillance is a popular consumer application that is used for various purposes such as public safety, facilities surveillance, and traffic monitoring. In a general video surveillance system, video streams from cameras are sent to a control center and operators monitor the videos. But human operator monitoring of the views every moment of every day is almost impossible; so, smart surveillance systems are required, systems that are capable of automated scene analysis. There are a number of studies to enable smart video surveillance in a multi-camera network. Most of the studies, however, treat central processing approaches in which a scene analysis is processed inside a central server domain once all available information has been collected in the server. Such approaches require tremendous efforts in building the system and, moreover, limit the scalability. To accomplish scalable smart video surveillance, an inference framework in visual sensor networks is necessary, one in which autonomous scene analysis is performed via distributed and collaborative processing among camera nodes without necessity for a high performance server. In this paper, we propose a collaborative inference framework for visual sensor networks and an efficient occupancy reasoning algorithm that is essential in smart video surveillance based on the framework. We estimate the existence probabilities for every camera and combine them using the work-tree architecture in a distributed and collaborative manner. We aim for practical smart video surveillance systems.</P>

Carbon Nanotubes Produced by arc discharge in foam

Yongil Kim,Eiichi Nisikawa,Tosihide Kioka 한국표면공학회 2008 한국표면공학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2008 No.-

A Study on the Backward Extrusion of Internal Spline

YongIl Cho(조용일),JongUng Choi(최종웅),Yuangen Qiu(추연근),Heayong Cho(조해용) 한국기계가공학회 2020 한국기계가공학회지 Vol.19 No.9

Spline is a machine component using transmits rotating energy with grooves on internal of boss and external periphery of shaft. Internal spline is generally produced by machining process. However, to reduce manufacturing cost and save time, plastic deformation process such as backward extrusion is gradually adapted for spline production. In plastic deformation process, forming load, stress on tools and flow flaws should be taken into account to have sound products. For this purpose, kinematically admissible velocity fields for Upper Bound Method in backward extrusion of internal spline has been suggested, then forming load and relative pressure have been calculated. Internal spline forming experiments have been con-ucted under hydraulic press and the calculated forming load well predicts the load of experiment.

Poster Session:PS 1144;Gastroenterology (Pancreatobilliary):Acute Pancreatitis Caused by Obstructed Pancreatic Duct Associated Congenital Anomaly within Duct of Wirsung`s and Santorini`s : A Case of Ansa Pancreatica

( Yongil Lee ),( Byung Hyo Cha ) 대한내과학회 2014 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2014 No.1

Background: Ansa pancreatica is a rare type of pancreatic duct variation. In ansa pancreatica, main pancreatic duct meet duodenum by oblique angle that may hinder drainage of pancreatic juice. Up to now, the relationship of ansa pancreatica and acute idiopathic pancreatitis is unclear. (1) Case Report: We report a case of a 15-year-old female patient who have ansa pancreatica and acute pancreatitis. When she arrived our hospital, she had severe abdominal pain which was caused by acute pancreatitis. ERCP showed diffuse dilated main pancreatic duct, two focal stricture was noticed at the body and head portion and the communication between minor pancreatic duct in shape of loop-like pathway to major duct on the proximal portion of stricture site, which is correspond to ansa pancreatica. We treated acute pancreatitis by using endoscopic removal of protein plug that allow passage of pancratic juice fi ow. Conclusion: In ansa pancreatica, the mechanism or relationship between acute idiopathic pancreatitis is unclear. Idiopathic pancreatitis may be often caused by pancreatic juice drainage disturbance that is due to anatomical variation of main pancreatic duct. (2) By decompression of main pancreatic duct, we treated acute pancreatitis that may be caused by ansa pancreatica. It is the fi rst case that clarify the hypothesis of acute idiopathic pancreatitis with ansa pancreatica. But further studies should be needed to back up this mechanism. Reference 1. Bhasin DK, Rana SS, Nanda M, et al. Ansa pancreatica type of ductal anatomy in a patient with idiopathic acute pancreatitis. JOP 2006;7:315-20. 2. Marc F, Michael H, Roberto M, Nalini M. Minor Papilla Stenting in Patients with Acute Recurrent Pancreatitis in the Setting of Pancreas Divisum: Effi cacy and Long- Term Outcomes. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2009;69:269-704.

점화시기와 당량비에 따른 리니어엔진의 운전특성과 발전출력에 관한 연구

오용일(Yongil Oh),임옥택(Ocktaeck Lim),김강출(Gangchul Kim),김진복(Jinbok Kim) 한국자동차공학회 2011 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2011 No.11

In the future, the compact powerpack was needed because the existing rechargeable batteries cannot provide high energy density and required operational duration. As an alternative, the linear engine was satisfied with compact, durability and had light weight. In this study, prototype ceramic free-piston linear engine combined with a linear alternator was designed to produce electric power for portable usage. It has a bore size of 30 ㎜ and maximum stroke of 33 ㎜. The engine was fueled with liquefied petroleum gas consisting of 98% propane. Its electric power generation performance was tested as a function of the spark timing and equivalence ratio. The equivalence ratio of the mixture was varied from 0.8 to 1.2, while the spark timing was varied as 0.5, 1.0, 1.3, 1.5 and 2,0 ㎳ that the piston passes the first photo sensor. As a result, the maximum electric power was generated when equivalence ratio and ignition timing was 1 and 1.5 ㎳, respectively. Then, the piston velocity was 58㎐.

중소형 버스 후륜 에어서스펜션 톨 강성 연구

김용일(Yongil Kim),김기태(Gitae Kim),유영일(Youngil Ruy) 한국자동차공학회 2008 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-