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Effect of Coptis japonica on Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice
Seok-YongLee,Dong-KeunSong,Choon-GonJang 대한약학회 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.7
Morphine, an analgesic with significant abuse potential, is considered addictive because of drug craving and psychological dependence. It is reported that repeated treatment of morphine can produce conditioned place preference (CPP) showing a reinforcing effect in mice. CPP is a useful method for the screening of morphine-induced psychological dependence. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the methanolic extract of Coptis japonica (MCJ) on morphine-induced CPP in mice. Furthermore, we examined c-fos expression in the parietal cortex, piriform cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus of the morphineinduced CPP mouse brain. Treatment of MCJ 100 mg/kg inhibited morphine-induced CPP. Expression of c-fos was increased in the cortex, striatum, nucleus accumbens, and hippocampus of the morphine-induced CPP mouse brain. These increases of expression were inhibited by treatment with MCJ 100 mg/kg, compared to the morphine control group. Taken together, these results suggest that MCJ inhibits morphine-induced CPP through the regulation of c-fos expression in the mouse brain.
The Roles of Kupffer Cells in Hepatocellular Dysfunction after Femur Fracture Trrauma in Rats
Woo-YongLee,Sun-MeeLee 대한약학회 2003 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.26 No.1
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of trauma on alterations in cytochrome P450 (CYP 450)-dependent drug metabolizing function and to determine the role of Kupffer cells in hepatocellular dysfunction. Rats underwent closed femur fracture (FFx) with associated soft-tissue injury under anesthesia, while control animals received only anesthesia. To deplete Kupffer cells in vivo, gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) was injected intravenously via the tail vein at 7.5 mg/kg body wt., 1 and 2 days prior to FFx surgery. At 72 h after FFx, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was increased, and this increase was attenuated by GdCl3 pretreatment. Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lipid peroxidation levels were not changed by FFx. Hepatic microsomal CYP 450 content and aniline p-hydroxylase (CYP 2E1) activity were significantly decreased; decreases that were not prevented by GdCl3. The level of CYP 2B1 activity was decreased by Kupffer cell inactivation, but not by FFx. There were no significant differences in the activities of CYP 1A1, CYP 1A2 and NADPH-CYP 450 reductase among any of the experimental groups. Our findings suggest that FFx trauma causes mild alterations of hepatic CYP 450-dependent drug metabolism, and that Kupffer cells are not essential for the initiation of such injury.
李在庸,黃致元 대전대학교 韓醫學연구소 2000 한의학연구소 논문집 Vol.8 No.2
Through the literatual study on treatment of toothbleeding, we concluded as follows, 1. The causes of the toothbleeding are divided into heat of stomach(胃熱) and deficiency of renal (腎虛). If caused by heat of stomach, the treatment methods are Ryang-Hyul-Ji-Hyul(凉血止血), Cheong-Yul-Sa-Hwa(淸熱瀉火). If caused by deficiency of renal, the treatment methods are Ryang-Hyul-Ji-Hyul(凉血止血), Ja-Eum-Gang-Hwa(滋陰降火). 2. The medications are several - taking a medicine for internal use(內服法), keeping with one's mouth full of an infusion and spoutting it Haamsoobup(含漱法), and others like taking a medicine for external use(外用法) only. 3. The treatment drugs divided by medication are as follows : Taking a medicine for internal use : Cheongwesan(淸胃散), Gamroeum(甘露飮), Joweseunggitang(調胃承氣湯), Seogagjihwangtang(屬角地黃湯), Yugmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯), Palmihwan(八味丸), Soansinhwan(小安腎丸) etc... Haamsoobup : Gudogeum(救毒飮), Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Mangchosan(莽草散)etc... Taking a medicine for external use : Pilseungsan(必勝散), Rogposan(綠包散), Hyunggeousan(荊槐散), Bingoksan(氷玉散), Sahyangsan(麝香散), Ulgeumsan(鬱金散), Yongnoisan(龍腦散) are used. 4. A coposition of the medication : Cheong-Yul medicine(淸熱藥), Bo-Ik medicine(補益藥), Ji-Hyul medicine(止血藥), Gae-Gyu medicine(開窺藥), Su-sap medicine(收澁藥) are mainly used. Cheong-Yul medicine : Rehmanniae Radix(鮮地黃), Moutan Cortex(牧丹皮), Coptidis Rhizoma(黃連), Scutellariae Radix(黃芩) Bo-Ik medicine : Glycyrrhizae Radix(甘草), Angelicae gigantis Radix(當歸), Rehmanniae Radix Preparat(熟地黃), Ginseng Radix(人蔘) Ji-Hyul medicine : Biotae Cacumen(側柏葉), Sophorae Flos(槐花), Typhae Pollen(蒲黃) Gae-Gyu medicine : Moschus(麝香), Borneolum(氷片) Su-sap medicine : Alumem(白??). 5. A result of the observation on the medication Taking a medicine for internal use Glycyrrhizae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Preparat, Rehmanniae Radix, Moutan Cortex, Scutellariae Radix are used. Yugmijihwangtang and Cheong-Yul medicine are mainly used. Taking a medicine for external use Alumem, Moschus, Salt(鹽), Asari herba cum Radice(細辛) are mainly used. Especially there is a method that uses a burnt drug. Haamsoobup and taking a medicine for external use : Medicines of Cheong-Yul-Ryang-Hyul(淸熱凉血) and Su-Ryum-Ji-Hyul(收斂止血) are used.
MULTI-SENSOR DATA FUSION FOR FUTURE TELEMATICS APPLICATION
Seong-BaekKim,장병태,Seung-YongLee,Ji-HoonChoi,Kyung-HoChoi 한국우주과학회 2003 Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Vol.20 No.4
In this paper, we present multi-sensor data fusion for telematics application. Suc-cessful telematics can be realized through the integration of navigation and spatialinformation. The well-determined acquisition of vehicles position plays a vital rolein applicationservice. ThedevelopmentofGPS is used to providethe navigationdata,but the performance is limited in areas where poor satellite visibility environment ex-ists. Hence, multi-sensor fusion including IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), GPS(Global Positioning System), and DMI (Distance Measurement Indicator) is requiredto provide the vehicles position to service provider and driver behind the wheel. Themulti-sensor fusion is implemented via algorithm based on Kalman ltering tech-nique. Navigation accuracy can be enhanced using this ltering approach. For theverication of fusion approach, land vehicle test was performed and the results werediscussed. Results showed that the horizontal position errors were suppressed around1 meter level accuracy under simulated non-GPS availability environment. Undernormal GPS environment, the horizontal position errors were under 40 cm in curvetrajectory and 27cm in linear trajectory, which are denitely depending on vehiculardynamics.