A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

Case Reports : Basal Cell Carcinoma on the Pubic Area: Report of a Case and Review of 19 Korean Cases of BCC from Non-sun-exposed Areas

( Jin Park ),( Yong Sun Cho ),( Ki Hun Song ),( Jong Sun Lee ),( Seok Kweon Yun ),( Han Uk Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant skin tumors and develops characteristically on sun-exposed areas, such as the head and neck. Ultraviolet light exposure is an important etiologic factor in BCCs, and BCCs arising from non-sun- exposed areas are, therefore, very rare. In particular, the axilla, nipple, the genital and perianal areas are not likely to be exposed to ultraviolet light; thus, if BCC develops in these areas, other predisposing factors should be considered. Herein, we report a case of BCC arising on the pubic area in a 70-year-old man. We also performed a survey of the literature and discussed the 19 cases of BCC from non-sun-exposed areas reported to date in Korea.

한국인에서 일광 노출의 유해성에 대한 인지도와 일광 차단제의 이용 행태에 대한 연구

김상태,김기호,오선진,이승철,강세훈,윤재일,김진준,박석범,김홍용 대한피부과학회 1999 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.37 No.6

Background: Although deleterious effects of sunlight have been increased recently, the surveillance of the attitudes toward sun-exposure and the behavioral aspect of using sunscreens in Koreans has hot been carried out. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the attitude toward the harmfulness of sun-exposure and behaviors of using sunscreens in Korea. Method: Five hundred and fifty-two subjects were surveyed to assess the attitude toward sun-exposure, as well as the subjects knowledge about, and the use of sunscreens. Underlying data including demographic data, skin colors, skin types, occupation, and sun-exposure, were obtained. Results: Fifty-four percent of subjects believed that sun-exposure is bad for their skins, but, on the contrary, 12.5% believed it to be beneficial. Fifty-two percent of subjects used sunscreens. Almost all subjects(93.8%) knew why to use sunscreens but 62.7% of subjects did not know the meaning of sun protective factors(SPF). Women, indoor workers, subjects less than 40 years old, with less sun-exposed, fair colored skin, or with skin type I, II, III tended to know the deleterious effects of sunlight and the meaning of SPF and used more sunscreen. Conclusion: High risk population-men, outdoor workers, subjects oider than 40 years old, with more sun-exposed, dark colored skin, or skin type VI, V could be targeted with campaigns that promote attitudinal and behavioral changes.

스포츠 용품 인터넷 쇼핑에 대한 소비자 신뢰에 관한 연구

이용찬,최종인,노선표 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of the study is to learn the consumer trust of university students in internet shopping of sports commodities. The subjects were 419 university students being in school in Jun La Buk Do(Jun La province) have been surveyed. 246 male students, while 173 female. For trust rate check, "consumer trust rate during internet shopping check sheet(trust rate a=0.76)" by Lee Yong Gyoon and Lee Gyoo. Yong has been used. By using statistics program of Spsspc10.0 for data processing, results have been obtained as follows after performing technical statistics, variance analysis and regression analysis. 1. Among society and population study backgrounds, there has been difference in consumer trust according to gender(p<.05), but no difference according to family types.(p>.05) 2. Shopping path, selection criteria on shopping mall and the reason for purchase of commodities have influence on consumer trust(p<.05) 3. There has been difference in consumer trust according to career of internet use(p<.05). 4. There has been no difference in consumer trust according to hours of daily internet use(p<.05) From the results above, the conclusion is that when university students purchase sports commodities using internet, they consider the stability of the company, the scale of the shopping mall company, etc.

神話에서 본 女能考

崔蓉善 건국대학교 1978 學術誌 Vol.22 No.1

In mythological creation legend, there are many goods and goddess, as creators, among races and countries in the word. In Chinese creation legend, Empress (goddess) Yeo-Wa kneaded yellow mud and produced men and women. Pan-Ku, a giant male who was evolved from the Yang and the Yin principles, whose body of each part composed of solar system, crops, men, nature and everything upon his death. The Taoists represented him as a shaggy primeval being armed with a huge hammer with which he breaks up rocks. In the theory of the Yin-Yang principles, there are the opposing forces into each other in a cosmological system of dualism, which is said to have been invented by Fu-Hsi in 3000 B.C. The two principles were formed from the primeval chaos cosmos. The fundamental thought in the Yin-Yang theory was that man is the left and woman, the right. The symbol of the Yin, the female element, is divided line or two strokes (--) and the Yang, the male element is undevided line or one stroke (-) This could be compared to the symbols of plus (+) and missus (-) forces in electron. However, the Yin principle has two lines against the Yang's one line, that brings the basic difference between spiritual matter and science. The combination of these in pairs denote the heavenly bodies or the season and humen existence, also the combination of the liners in the triple pairs on the different position were set up into the eight, which is the fundamental system of the analytic methods on the study of the Yih-King, the Books of Change, which is the main stream of Oriental philosophy. The superiors force in the female principle indicates at its word order, in the Yin Yang of female-male's positional order. The female's priority at word order has existed on the terms of husband-wife in old Korean as well as old Japanese. In Korean, "Kasi-Bosi" meant the couple in the order of wife-husband, so is the couple in Japanese, "Meh-ohto" and "Imo-seh", "Meh" is wife and "ohto", the husband. "Imo" is woman and "seh" is the male lover or husband. Formation of Chinese Characters There 50,000 letters, in the ideographic Chinese characters 10,000 characters are in common usage ; 540 character are the root words which form into over 9,000 words. This enormous number of the ideograms could be classified and simplified into the number of lines of strokes, which is the primary method to be used at refering to a Chinese dictionary. Usually, the number of strokes has from one stroke to the thirty ones, or less than one from to a twenties in common usage. The single and its odd number of strokes is equivalent to the male (Yang) principle, and the female (Yin) principle denotes two strokes which doubles into the paired numbers. The odd number of strokes and the paired numbers can be applied to the analytical method of the words which denotes the male and female principle. Iyn (人), human or men has two strokes, that is equivalent to the Yin principle's two lines. Yew (女), woman has three strokes that is linked with the Yang principle's odd number. Thus, the formational decription of the characters usually involve the other genetive. Descriptive formation in the root word of woman. The man (男) has two root words, which means a worker of a field. The woman (女) is the single root word. that forms into three different sence of meanings. 1) The meaning in favorable sense YOU 汝 beginning 始 security 安 likeness or glad 好 2) In the sense of malicious are slave 奴 cunning, insedious 奸 jeolous 嫉妬 obscenity 妖 adultry 姦 3) The number of the beautified connotation is the largest among the three. beautiful, pretty, cute, fragile, dainty are ?, ?, 娥, 아, 媛, 姸, 婉, 變, 娑, According to the above analysis, a male(男) represents as a class of a worker in a field, and a woman represents another class, however human or men represents into Iyn (人) as a subjectivity on male's thought, therefore field work and woman is excluded. Creation Legend in Ze-Ju Island in Korea "Three gods, ko-eolnah, Yang-eolnah and Bu-eolah emerged from a earth cave. The three princess bringing a calf and seeds of five cereal species, which are packed in a wooden box, they was ashored on the island, The three princess were paired off with the three gods who were the three ancestors of the Ko, Yang, Bu family names. The legend is written down during the reign of King Sung-Jong (982-992 A.D.) The three gods denoted authority of male supremacy, yet they have not proved any functional achivement. The three princess brought in the seeds of cereal, therefore they were the innovator of agriculture and domestication of wild animals. Similar to this legend, there are three legendary emperors in China, Fu-hsi, Shin-nong hsi and Whang-Jai. Fu-hsi is the original founder of "the Yin-Yang principle" and Whang-Jai would be the King or the ancestor or the Chinese people, and shin-Nong-hsi is the ancestor of agricultural deity, whose descendent has the family name of "Kang" that is formed with the root word of woman. Therefore chinese agricultural founder would be a woman. Mythology of Dan-Kun in Korea "Whan-Ung was an illegitimate son of Whan-In, thunder god. Whan-Ung has governed the nature, agriculture, human affair, punishment and good and evil. A female bear and a male tiger have lived in a cave on the earth, they wanted to become human being. God Whan-Ung commanded them that they should eat garlics and the mugwort grass only for a hundred dabs without seeing a sun light, then they would incarnate into human. The female bear endured and overcame the toiles of the life for 21 days, however, the male tiger could not keep up the withstanding of hardships, and he gave up to become a human. The female bear incarnated into a woman after 21 days, then she prayed for procreation under the tree of gods paradise. Whan-Ung incarnated himself as a man for a while, and he fertilized a son into the female bear, who gave the birth of Dan-Kun. King, Kum is the first King of the morning calm country in 5,000 years ago". The definition of being "illegitimate son" has been almost agreed upon among some scholars or a being "the next son" of the thunder god Whan-In. In favor of the first born son, the next son has a prejudiced conception, therefore. the two Gods would be rather related to the good and evil sods in dualistie paint. Whan-In, the thunder god, who had never been in men's community and stayed at god's realm only, on the other hand Whan-Ung wart a seemingly illicit god who took care of men's world, even appeared as a man, therefore "illigetmacy" meant familiar being to men's world, although authority of god's heaven is too buraucratique for people. Although the bear mother was the mother of the first King of Korea, there is no trace where the bear was worshipped or being loved throughout the country, however, the male tiger was loved in both oriental paintings' subject Hatters, and the spirit of mountain. The female bearwas clever enough to beat up the male tiger in the game of the cave life. she had been picking up plants while male tiger was hunting and fishing, therefore she would know better with the vegetable diet with garlics and herb wognuts though they are not pleasant to eat. Japanese creation legend. Sun goddess Ama-terasu, who has one of her aspects, is an agricultural deity, and the other aspects is the anestress of the race and patron of the rulling family. Thus, women were worshipped everywhere as mother Earth and Sun, the heaven and given various names such as Ashratian, aphrodite, attar, Venus, Astoreth, Baalath, Allar, Ellant in European countries. In Egypt, Goddess Isis and Maat, they are still well known as "the weeping sister" on the official Egyptian funerary dirge. Isis could transform herself into many kind of creature, and travel through earth, air, fire, and water with ease. Isis was the queen of heaven, a dove for her symbol. Maat was also the empress of hell. When she crawls forward, it was symbolized in a serpent. Those goddess created life, if she kills, she also revives the dead. Isis and her husband (barly king, a ruler of the kingdom of the deth after his being assassinated) and her child Horus in the mythology might have taken credit for having evolved the first Holy Trinity of Father, Mother and Child. Women were thought to have the power of hypnotizing wild animals, even the king of beast, and to the tamer of lions, Woman lifted men out of their way of life that is resembled the way of handling the boasts, men were merely hunting and fishing for food, who found shelter where they could in jungles, in tutees and caves. Early human beings had good grounds for thinking of woman as a goddess. Lacking knowledge about procreation and thus unable to understand how women brought babies into the world, especially mystified by woman's accomplishments with her digging stick in the earth, enchanted by her uses of fire and manufacture of useful commodities, appreciative of her arts of healing, her companions regarded her as a favorite of the unseen world. Everything she did was thought magical. She was worshipped, indeed as a magician. The deep regard for her leadership in all the amazing processes of creativeness expressed itself in efforts to appease her, if need be, to win her aid and comfort, in erecting temples for her honer and appointing priestesses to serve her. Our traditional moral value on women have been circulated as the victim of ignorance, subordintion of total subjection which was leading thought throughout our written history. Male oriented events were the succession of invastion, struggle, threateing others, imposing authority to others. In order to obtain ever lasting effects on the peace, the new sense of value should be established on the men's psychological evolution in the future. Women's funtional ability in mythology give us an idea, because woman can give others more love than being loved and she has emphasized love, peace and harmony.

대충 매체를 통한 여자 연예인 헤어스타일 연구

김선혜 ( Sun-hye Kim ),장성혁 ( Seng-hyek Jang ),진용미 ( Yong-mi Jin ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2012 미용예술경영연구 Vol.6 No.1

In recent years, with the rapid changes of technology life style makes it possible to share same information at the same time individually also makes it possible for people to build their own space to express their notion to others, with the development of the Internet, female celebrities' outfit in movie, advertisement and drama has started to influence people's style, people now have more selections for making their appearance, this phenomenon has settled as trend, according to it, this study aims to analyse accupying fashion image and women’s favorite hair style among female celebrities. This study focuses on selecting the most familier seven images within public and sampling female celebrities having different images to investigate in the study, also international academic journals, fashion magazines, online informations is used as research resources, with the researching for the relationship celebrities hair style by categorizing fashion style images, It has found that not only public creates their own style with desire for imitating celebrities as the media develops but also the style public adopting must satisfy aesthetic consciousness and value people holding in society, the further studies for delivering service to satisfy customers' desired style not only for styling their hair from medea is required

자바가상머신을 위한 클래스 로더 시스템 설계 및 구현

유용선(YONG SUN RYU),류현수(HYUN SOO RYU),김용희(YONG HEE KIM),이철훈(CHEOL-HOON LEE) 한국정보과학회 2004 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.31 No.1A

최근 무선인터넷이 발달함에 따라, 핸드폰이나 PDA 및 정보가전용 기기들에 플랫폼 독립성, 이식성, 네트워크 이동성의 장점을 갖는 자바기술을 적용한 서비스가 증가하고 있다. 자바 플랫폼은 각각의 하드웨어 플랫폼에 맞게 포팅된 가상머신이 존재하여, 컴파일된 바이트 코드를 해석하기 때문에 플랫폼 독립성을 갖게 된다. 그러나 sun사의 JVM을 사용할 경우 고가의 royalty를 지불해야 하기 때문에 경쟁력을 높이기 위해 “클린눔(Clean Room)"에서 개발한 국산 KVM이 절실하며, 이에 국내에서 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 본 논문에서는 자바가상머신의 일부분인 클래스 로더 시스템에 관해 설계 및 구현한다.

웹 카메라를 이용한 시설 내 국화생산 광 환경 원격 모니터링

정선옥(Sun-Ok Chung),김용주(Yong-Joo Kim),이규호(Kyu-Ho Lee),성남석(Nam-Seok Sung),이철휘(Cheol-Hwi Lee),노현권(Hyun-Kwon Noh) 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2015 농업과학연구 Vol.42 No.4

Increase of national family income improved demand of high-quality and year-round horticultural products including chrysanthemum. To meet these demand, farmers have introduced protected facilities, such as greenhouses, of which environmental conditions could be monitored and controlled. Environment management up to three weeks after transplanting is critical for chrysanthemum quality. Artificial lighting and light-blocking screen are especially important for long-day (day period > 13 hours) and short-day (night period > 13 hours) treatments. In this study, a web-camera was installed, and the image was obtained and transmitted to mobile phones to monitor the status of 3-wavelength(RGB) lighting environments. RGB pixel values were used to determine malfunctioning of the lighting lamps, and leaking out and incoming illumination status during short-day and long-day treatment periods. Normal lighting lamps provided RGB pixel values of 240~255. During long-day treatment period, G pixel values were useful to detect abnormal lighting conditions (e.g., leaking). During short-day treatment period, R pixel values were useful to determine incoming light (e.g., sun-light). Results of this study would provide useful information for remote monitoring of light conditions for protected chrysanthemum production under artificial lights.

Seborrheic keratosis like lichen planus-like keratosis

( Byoung Yong Koh ),( Eun Sun Kwon ),( Seung Hyun Cheong ),( Ki Bum Myung ) 대한피부과학회 2015 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.67 No.1

Lichen planus-like keratosis consists of non-pruritic solitary papule or slightly indurated plaque with smooth or verrucous surface. It has brown to erythematous color and occurs predominantly on sun-exposed trunk and upper extremities of adult between the 5th and the 7th decades. A 51-year-old woman presented with about 1 cm x 1 cm sized solitary slightly indurated and pigmented plaque on left forearm with onset of early adulthood. At first visit, our impression was seborrheic keratosis, because it showed sharply demarked brownish plaque with verrucus surface. For definitive diagnosis, skin punch biopsy was done and the epidermis showed focal parakeratosis, hyper granulosis and a few necrotic keratinocytes. Lichenoid infiltrate of lymphocytes obscured the dermoepidermal junction. Small number of plasma cells and solar elastosis were found in the upper dermis. Clinically, lichen planus-like keratosis is confused with seborrheic keratosis. For differential diagnosis, histologic study is necessary. Characteristic histologic features of lichen planus-like keratosis are focal parakeratosis, necrotic keratinocyte and lichenoid infiltration. Although clinical feature of her skin lesion was confused with seborrheic keratosis, histologic findings were consistent with lichen planus-like keratosis. We report a case of seborrheic keratosis like lichen planus-like which is clinically apt to be misdiagnosed with seborrheic keratosis.

Acitretin으로 치료된 다발성 거대각질가시세포종 1예

권은선 ( Eun Sun Kwon ),이경근 ( Kyoung Geun Lee ),고병용 ( Byoung Yong Koh ),명기범 ( Ki Bum Myung ),정승현 ( Seung Hyun Cheong ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회지 Vol.55 No.4

Giant keratoacanthoma is an uncommon variant of keratoacanthoma, which may increase to a diameter of several centimeters. Although keratoacanthomas usually resolve spontaneously, giant keratoacanthoma can be invasive and destructive. A 49-year-old man presented with a 5-year history of multiple large hyperkeratotic and crusted plaques and nodules on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ear, hand, and forearm. Some lesions involuted spontaneously, whereas others became rather enlarged. The biopsy specimen revealed horn-filled crater formation, epidermal extending resembling a buttress, and an eosinophilic glassy appearance in the keratinocytic cytoplasm. We treated the lesions with acitretin, and they almost completely resolved after 13 weeks. Here we describe a case of multiple giant keratoacanthoma treated with acitretin. (Korean J Dermatol 2017;55(4):249∼252)