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Roles of NMDA NR2B Subtype Receptor in Prefrontal Long-Term Potentiation and Contextual Fear Memory
Zhao, Ming-Gao,Toyoda, Hiroki,Lee, Yong-Seok,Wu, Long-Jun,Ko, Shanelle W.,Zhang, Xue-Han,Jia, Yongheng,Shum, Fanny,Xu, Hui,Li, Bao-Ming,Kaang, Bong-Kiun,Zhuo, Min Elsevier 2005 Neuron Vol.47 No.6
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Cortical plasticity is thought to be important for the establishment, consolidation, and retrieval of permanent memory. Hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism of learning and memory, requires the activation of glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. In particular, it has been suggested that NR2A-containing NMDA receptors are involved in LTP induction, whereas NR2B-containing receptors are involved in LTD induction in the hippocampus. However, LTP in the prefrontal cortex is less well characterized than in the hippocampus. Here we report that the activation of the NR2B and NR2A subunits of the NMDA receptor is critical for the induction of cingulate LTP, regardless of the induction protocol. Furthermore, pharmacological or genetic blockade of the NR2B subunit in the cingulate cortex impaired the formation of early contextual fear memory. Our results demonstrate that the NR2B subunit of the NMDA receptor in the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in both LTP and contextual memory.</P>
Hong, Sung-Soo,Son, Sang-Yong,Shin, Ho-Jung,Cui, Long-Hai,Hur, Hoon,Han, Sang-Uk The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2016 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.16 No.4
Purpose: It is hypothesized that robotic gastrectomy may surpass laparoscopic gastrectomy after the operators acquire long-term experience and skills in the manipulation of robotic arms. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term learning curve of robotic distal gastrectomy (RDG) for gastric cancer compared with laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG). Materials and Methods: From October 2008 to December 2015, patients who underwent LDG (n=809) were matched to patients who underwent RDG (n=232) at a 1:1 ratio, by using a propensity score matching method after stratification for the operative year. The surgical outcomes, such as trends of operative time, blood loss, and complication rate, were compared between the two groups. Results: The RDG group showed a longer operative time (171.3 minutes vs. 147.6 minutes, P<0.001) but less estimated blood loss (77.6 ml vs. 116.6 ml, P<0.001). The complication rate and postoperative recovery did not differ between the two groups. The RDG group showed a longer operative time and similar estimated blood loss compared with the LDG group after 5 years of experience (operative time: 159.2 minutes vs. 136.0 minutes in 2015, P=0.003; estimated blood loss: 72.9 ml vs. 78.1 ml in 2015, P=0.793). Conclusions: In terms of short-term surgical outcomes, RDG may not surpass LDG after a long-term experience with the technique.
박일룡,황용수,이재창 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.1
Postharvest characteristics of 'Pingguoli' fruit produced between China and Korea were compared to find an ecological difference. There was a difference in fresh weight per fruit, thus, fruit weight produced in Korea was much higher than those in China. However, no significant differences were confirmed in the level of soluble solid content and flesh firmness. The acidity of Korean 'Pingguoli' was higher than Chinese ones. The external appearance of Korean 'Pingguoli' was not attractive due to the rough and rugged surface. Thus, the prospect of 'Pingguoli' cultivation in Korea seems not to b e promised. The general trend of respiration and ethylene evolution during storage did not significantly differed but the amount of CO_2 and ethylene production was higher in fruits produced in China. There was a strong similarity in respiration and ethylene evolution pattern to typical climacteric fruits. Thus, 'Pingguoli' is considered as a climacteric fruit. Even though the rate of ethylene production of 'Pingguoli' was relatively high, the storability of 'Pingguoli' showed a strong potential. The further studies in postharvest physiology of pear using 'Pingguoli' and in its breeding potentials as a source of long storage life are needed.^2)
MH(Maleic hydrazide)처리가 포도 부초 생장억제 및 품질에 미치는 영향
박일용,김기철,황용수,이재창 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.1
Spray of maleic hydrazide (MH) was confirmed to be highly effective on the inhibition of lateral shoot growth regardless of grape cultivars and application concentration examined in his experiment. The optimal spray times were 30 days after full bloom in 'Kyoho' and 35 days in 'Campbell Early'. However, the optimum season of application should be adjusted depending on the vine vigor. The apical buds of lateral shoot was significantly affected at the concentration of 3,900 ㎎·L^-1 resulting in the death and/or abscission. Thus the optimal concentration of MH seemed to be 1,950 ㎎·L^-1. The inhibition effect by MH application was derived from the decrease of node number and length. No adverse effect on fruit quality was found by MH application. In contrast, there was a tendency of anthocyanin increase in 'Campbell Early' grapes. Results indicated that MH could be an effective agent to reduce the labor charge through the inhibition of later shoot growth.
수출 전 저장기간과 모의 수출에 따른 '후지' 사과의 상품성 변화
박일용,이재창,황용수 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2002 농업과학연구 Vol.29 No.1
관행적인 수확기인 11월 6일에 수확한 '후지' 사과는 80% 이상이 밀증상을 나타내었으나 에틸렌 발생량을 기준으로 볼 때 climacteric stage에 도달하지는 않았다. 모의 수출 전 2개월 저장기간 중 밀증상은 점차 감소하였다. 저장기간 중 가용성 고형물 수준은 일정하지 않았으나 경도와 생체중 감소가 저장기간일 길수록 증가하였다. 저장기간에 따라 모의 수출과 소매과정을 경과시킨 과실의 품질은 전반적으로 낮아졌지만 무처리에 비하여 30 um 플라스틱 필름 포장, 에틸렌제거제 처리는 전반적으로 과실의 품질을 소매단계까지 우수하게 유지시키는 결과를 보였다. 반면에 왁스처리는 외관품질을 우수하게 유지시켰지만 갈변장해를 일으켜 바람직하지 않았다. 따라서 수출용 과실은 건조한 환경에서 장기간 수송되고 판매되므로 품질저하가 심하여 이를 방지하기 위해서는 플라스틱 필름과 같은 moisture barrier 및 에틸렌 제거환경으로 선적하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 판단된다. The percentage of watercore occurrence harvested on Nov. 6 (commercial harvest season) was over 80% but fruits seemed not to reach climacteric stage on the basis of ethylene evolution. The occurrence ratio and severity of watercore gradually decreased with the increase of preshipment storage for 2 months. The level of soluble solids did not show a clear tendency during preshipment storage but flesh firmness, fresh weight, and acidity gradually decreased. Although the overall quality of fruit reduced along with the increase of preshipment storage duration after exposure to retail condition at ambient temperature for 1 week, plastic film wrapping (PE 30 um) as well as plastic film wrapping plus ethylene scrubbing had a benefit on keeping freshness of fruit even after retail condition. Waxed fruit showed excellent appearance but browning disorder was developed. Results indicated that moisture barrier such as plastic film wrapping and ethylene removal have a great potential on keeping freshness of fruit during export which required long-term transport under low humidity environment.
한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성
이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1
Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.
( Jeffrey Samuel Co ),( Chih-chi ),( Wang ),( Chih-che Lin ),( Chee-chien Yong ),( Chao Long Chen ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has been a growing indication for living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in Asia but certain medical, ethical and psycho-social issues question its appropriateness. Reports on long-term outcomes of LDLT for ALD are also scarce and so our aim was to report our center’s experience for the past 15 years and how LDLT has evolved to be the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease secondary to ALD in a high volume center. Methods: A total of 1,384 consecutive LDLT was performed from January 2003 to August 2016 at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, and 87 patients had a pre-operative diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) with or without hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This group was systematically matched with non-ALD (NALD) patients in a ratio of 1:2 using equiprobability method. Overall patient survival was compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis, and incidences of post-transplant De novo malignancy and alcohol relapse were described. Results: Patient demographics were comparable, as well as preoperative and intra-operative data. Of the 87 patients in the ALD group, 26 (30%) had concomitant HCC. Median follow- up for this study was 50 months. Overall patient survival at 1, 3 and 5 years for ALD were 98%, 97% and 92% respectively, while the NALD group had similar survival rates (P =0.282). The rate for De novo malignancy was 6% while that for recidivism was 7% despite only 76% of the patients meeting the 6 months abstinence rule. Conclusions: Results from our center show that LDLT for ALD has comparable short and longterm outcomes when compared to NALD, and the close relationship between donor and recipient seems to positively affect alcohol relapse rate and patient compliance to medication.
Yong-hui Chen,Long Chen,Kai Xu,Lin Liu,Charles W.W. Ng 국제구조공학회 2013 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.48 No.3
Different types of long slender pile shall buckle with weak soil and liquefied stratum surrounded. Different from considering single side earth pressure, it was suggested that the lateral earth pressure can be divided into two categories while buckling: the earth pressure that prevent and promotes the lateral movement. Active and passive earth pressure calculation model was proposed supposing earth pressure changed linearly with displacement considering overlying load, shaft resistance, earth pressure at both sides of the pile. Critical buckling load calculation method was proposed based on the principle of minimum potential energy quoting the earth pressure calculation model. The calculation result was contrasted with the field test result of small diameter TC pile (Plastic Tube Cast-in-place pile). The fix form could be fixed-hinged in the actual calculation assuring the accuracy and certain safety factor. The contributions of pile fix form depend on the pile length for the same geological conditions. There exists critical friction value in specific geological conditions that the side friction has larger impact on the critical buckling load while it is less than the value and has less impact with larger value. The buckling load was not simply changed linearly with friction. The buckling load decreases with increased limit active displacement and the load tend to be constant with larger active displacement value; the critical buckling load will be the same for different fix form for the small values.