Austenite Grain Growth Behavior of 30BF Steel Before Rough Rolling

Yong‑feng Chen,Jian‑bo Xie,Yan‑xin Wu,Jian‑xun Fu 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.4

To investigate the eff ect of heat treatment on the grain size of austenite in 30BF steel, the comparisons of the morphologiesand sizes of austenite grains between heating samples were made with a high-temperature electric resistance furnace, andthe austenite growth models were built with method of mathematics. The results show that most grains in original specimenwith the sizes below 70 μm uniformly distributed. At a heating rate ( v ) of 10 °C/s, the grain size ( d ) value under a certain time( t ) increased by 60–100 μm with raising temperature ( T ) from 850 to 1100 °C, whereas the d value under a certain T merelyincreased by 70–120 μm with raising time to 60 min. Under v = 0.1 °C/s, T = 850 °C, and t = 0 s, the occupied ratio of grainswith sizes of 40–50 μm was 0.165, whereas at 900 °C, the occupied ratio was 0.125. The evolutions of ln (d5.8− d5.80 ) with1/ T were in negative linear correlations, whereas the ln (d5.8− d5.80 ) with ln t were in positive linear correlations. To sum up,the grain growth behavior of steel was elucidated.

한국인 및 중국 한족 정신분열병 환자의 5-HT2A 수용체 유전자 -1438A/G 다형성

이장호,이광철,이승부,오용인,최영근,조아랑,정주호,장환일 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.1

Objectives : The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association between -1438A/G polymorphism of 5-HT2A receptor gene and schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population. Methods : A sample of 184 Korean patients with schizophrenia and 96 Korean healthy normal controls and 96 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia and 96 Han-Chinese healthy normal controls were genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism with in 5-HT2A receptor gene (promoter region, A-1438G) by Msp I Resthction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Results : There was no difference in allelic frequencies and genotype frequencies of -1438A/G polymorphism between Korean schizophrenics and controls (p=0.13) and Han Chinese schizophrenics and controls (p=0.40). Also, -1438A/G Poly-morphism did not show ethnical difference between Korean and Han Chinese controls. The Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) scores showed no significant differences between genotypes of -1438A/G polymorphism in both of Korean and Han Chinese schizophrenics. Conclusion : These results suggest that -1438A/G polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor gene is not causally related to the development of schizophrenia in Korean and Han Chinese population, and there no ethnic difference between Korean and Han Chinese population.

Site-directed Mutagenesis of the Toxin from the Chinese Scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmKAS): Insight into Sites Related to Analgesic Activity

Yong Cui,Yong-Bo Song,Lin Ma,Yan-Feng Liu,Guo-Dong Li,Chun-Fu Wu,Jing-Hai Zhang 대한약학회 2010 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.33 No.10

This study utilized the E. coli expression system to investigate the role of amino acid residues in toxin from the Chinese scorpion - Buthus martensii Karsch (BmKAS). To evaluate the extent to which residues of the toxin core contribute to its analgesic activity, ten mutants of BmKAS were obtained by PCR. Using site-directed mutagenesis, all of these residues were substituted with different amino acids. This study represents a thorough mapping and elucidation of the epitopes that form the molecular basis of the toxin’s analgesic activity. Our results showed large mutant-dependent differences that emphasize the important roles of the studied residues.

High Precision FE Modeling for Predicting Inner Polygon Defect of Hot Rolled Seamless Steel Tubes

Yong-Zheng Jiang,Yong-Zheng Jiang,Xiao-Ping Zhang,Kuan-Fang He,Guan-Fu Bin 대한토목학회 2018 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.22 No.11

A high precision FE model is the key basis for cause analysis and overcoming of inner polygon defect of hot rolled seamless steel tubes. In this paper, the viscoelastic-plastic FEM is adopted in order to develop a high precision FE model for predicting the defect of inner polygon. Mechanical properties of tube material under rolling environment is obtained through five sets of high temperature compression tests, thus the viscoelastic-plastic constitutive equation of tube material is regressed and agrees with the tests results. Heat transfer boundary conditions, roll constant speed and contact friction boundary conditions are applied simultaneously on the FE model and thermo-mechanical coupled explicit algorithm is adopted for solution. The precision of the FE model is verified through industry experiments. Results shows the simulated inner wall shape is in good accordance with the experiment results, and the friction force, stress, strain and temperature distribution in the deformation zone are also discussed. It can be concluded that the viscoelastic-plastic FE model is of high precision and can be applied for better analysis of the hot rolling results.

A Novel Leader-following Consensus of Multi-agent Systems with Smart Leader

Fu-Yong Wang,Zhong-Xin Liu,Zengqiang Chen 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2018 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.16 No.4

This article studies the leader-following consensus problem for mixed-order multi-agent systems with a leader. Different from the traditional leader which is independent of all the other agents, the leader, called smart leader, can obtain and utilize the feedback information from its neighbors at some disconnected time intervals. A new distributed consensus control protocol based on intermittent control is developed for leader-following consensus with a smart leader. Moreover, the smart leader can adjust the control protocol based on the feedback information from its neighbors. With the aid of Lyapunov function, some sufficient conditions are derived for leader-following consensus of multi-agent systems with mixed-order dynamics under fixed directed topology. In addition, the similar results are obtained under switching directed topology. Finally, simulation results are provided to verify the correctness and effectiveness of theoretical results.

Durability Model of Exposed Concrete On-Site Based on Dual Coupling Factors

Yong Fu,Hongxia Qiao,Chenggong Lu,Theogene Hakuzweyezu,Fei Guo 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.26 No.1

Aiming at the problem that the reliability analysis of the outdoor exposed concrete structure under the action of a single factor is not consistent with the actual service environment, a reliability analysis based on the Copula function describing multiple degradation factors is proposed. According to the actual data collected on-site, the relative quality evaluation parameters (RQEP) and relative dynamic elastic modulus evaluation parameters (RDEMEP) was selected as the key degradation indicators, and the Aperture Information Criterion (AIC) was used to determine the optimal marginal distribution function in different degradation trajectories, and obtain the most optimal edge distribution function under a single factor. Optimize the edge distributions reliability curve, establish the relationship between the edge distributions through the Copula function, and couple the edge distributions of the remaining life of the concrete to obtain the joint reliability function of the concrete under the action of the coupling factors. The results show that the selection of two degradation indicators, RQEP and RDEMEP, is helpful in establishing the concrete life prediction model in the field exposure environment, and the RDEMEP are more sensitive to the field exposure environment than the RQEP. The Gumbel Copula distribution function can reasonably predict the reliability of exposed concrete on-site under dual coupling factors. The service life of C40 and C50 exposed concrete on site is about 400 and 550 months, respectively.

论医疗纠纷仲裁困境之化解

Zhu Fu Yong(朱福勇),Yang Wen Wu(杨,文午) 원광대학교 법학연구소(의생명과학법센터) 2018 의생명과학과 법 Vol.19 No.-

중국의 학계에서 의료분쟁에 대하여 중재가 가능한 분쟁으로 인식하고 있지만, 의료분쟁을 강제중재로 할 것인지 임의중재로 할 것인지에 대하여는 여전히 이론연구가 비교적 부족하다. 실무에 있어서, 심천의료분쟁중재원의 임의중재를 보면, 의료분쟁을 중재함에 있어 편리성 면에서는 높은 점수를 줄 수 있지만, 의료분쟁에의 중재적용율 면에 있어서는 여전히 많은 문제점이 나타나고 있다. 즉, 심첨의료분쟁중재원의 임의중재방식의 주요 문제점은 중재해결의 적용율에 있다고 할 수 있다. 이러한 이유로 심천의료분쟁중재원은 임의중재방식을 취하면서 극소수의 의료분쟁에 대하여 당사자간 중재협의를 달성한다. 이처럼 의료분쟁중재방식은 의료분쟁중재의 적용율에 지대한 영향을 준다. 본 연구에서는 임의중재와 강제중재의 장단점을 분석하여 의료기관과 환자간의 중재에 있어 적용율 제고 및 의료기관과 환자 쌍방당사자의 의사자치 등 모든 요소를 종합적으로 고려하여 의료분쟁중재에 있어 임의와 강제의 상호결합된 중재방식을 제안한다. 이러한 연구를 통하여, 오늘날 중국의 다원화된 분쟁해결방식에 있어, 특히 의료분쟁중재제도에 대한 법률적 완비를 위한 문제점과 그 해결방법을 제시하고자 한다. Medical disputes have arbitrability. Most of the academic circles have reached consensus. However, there are big differences in theoretical research on whether medical dispute arbitration should adopt compulsory arbitration or arbitrary arbitration. In practice, the Shenzhen Medical Dispute Arbitration Institute’s trial of medical dispute arbitration under the Arbitrary Arbitration Model confirms that arbitration is an efficient and convenient solution to medical disputes, but it also exposes the shortcomings of the low rate of arbitration for medical disputes in the Shenzhen Medical Disputes Court. The reason for this is Shenzhen. Under the arbitrary arbitration model adopted for arbitration of medical disputes, very few parties to the dispute can reach an arbitration agreement and submit it to arbitration. The arbitration model of medical disputes has a great influence on the application rate of medical dispute arbitration. Therefore, this paper analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of arbitrary arbitration and compulsory arbitration, comprehensively considers increasing the application rate of arbitration in doctor-patient disputes, and taking into account the autonomy of both doctors and patients. It is believed that arbitration of medical disputes should adopt arbitrary and compulsory arbitration models. At present, under the background of the establishment of a diversified dispute resolution mechanism in China, it is advisable to improve the system rules and regulations on medical dispute arbitration as soon as possible, properly handle the connection between medical dispute arbitration and judicial litigation, and improve the supporting measures related to medical dispute arbitration. 医疗纠纷具备可仲裁性在学界大多已取得共识,但在医疗纠纷仲裁应采取强制仲裁还是任意仲裁论题上,理论研究存在较大分歧。实务中,深圳医疗纠纷仲裁院的任意仲裁模式下的医疗纠纷仲裁试点证实仲裁解决医疗纠纷高效便捷,但也暴露了深圳医疗纠纷仲裁院医疗纠纷仲裁适用率低的缺陷,究其原因,在于深圳医疗纠纷仲裁所采取的任意仲裁模式下,极少纠纷主体能够达成仲裁协议并提交仲裁。医疗纠纷仲裁模式对医疗纠纷仲裁适用率的影响至巨,故本文在分析任意仲裁和强制仲裁优缺点,综合考虑提高仲裁在医患纠纷中的适用率以及兼顾医患双方意思自治的基础上,认为医疗纠纷仲裁宜采取任意与强制相结的仲裁模式。当前,在我国构建多元化纠纷解决机制的大背景下,应当顺势尽快完善有关医疗纠纷仲裁的制度规章,妥善处理医疗纠纷仲裁与司法诉讼的衔接,完善与医疗纠纷仲裁相关的配套措施。

서학동점(西學東漸)과 중국현대 학술의 생성

부영군(Fu yong-jun) 영남대학교 민족문화연구소 2020 민족문화논총 Vol.74 No.-

Since Western studies was introduced to China, the traditional form of Chinese studies has declined. At the moment, Chinese studies also have entered the Post classical learning era(后经学时代) from the classical learning era(经学时代). The disintegration of the traditional China concept led to the transition of Chinese scholars from tradition to modern times. Since the concept of nation state replaced the concept of the Chinese Empire, and also the concept of the “world” replaced the concept of the “Tian-xia(天下)”, different peoples, different political and cultural communities have formed a coexistence relationship in pure spatial meaning. In addition, the political and cultural significance of the single concept of China has been greatly weakened, and the spatial regulation in the geographical sense has lost meaning. Thus, politics and academia were combined, and traditional Chinese studies, which centered on classical learning, lost the social and historical conditions of its existence. The abolition of the tradition of religion and politics caused the loss of the exclusive status of the classical learning in the traditional Chinese academic system. On the surface, the transition from Chinese academic tradition to modernity was the result of the Eastward transmission of Western sciences(西学东渐). However, it was only one occasion, in fact, the factor of this change came from the Chinese traditional academic itself. In short, the distinction between East and West caused the debate between ancient times and the present, and furthermore, It was also derived from it. As a result, The classical learning has collapsed, and The study of One hundred schools has emerged, which is combined with Western studies, Eventually it formed a new knowledge base in China. From this, discussing China s modern studies must involve a Western perspective, whether it is interpreting Western influences or returning to the subjectivity of Chinese academia and distinguishing it from Western studies, a prior understanding structure that can never be ignored. Only under this perspective, we can understand differences in the same, identify differences in the same, and finally, beyond such sameness and differences, we can pursue a quest for the fundamental problems of universal learning, and the Modern Chinese studies can also move away from the level of local knowledge and head to the world. 서학(西學)이 동쪽에 전파된 이래, 중국학술의 전통 형태는 종결되었고, 중국학술은 경학시대로부터 “후경학시대(後經學時代)”에 진입하였다. 전통적 “중국” 개념의 해체는 중국 학술이 전통으로부터 현대에 이르는 전환 과정을 열었다. 민족국가 관념이 중화제국 관념을 대체하고, 세계 개념이 천하 개념을 대체한 이후, 다른 민족, 다른 정치문화 공동체는 순수한 공간적 의미상에서의 병존관계를 구성하였으며, “중국”의 정치 의의와 문화 의의는 대대적으로 감소하였고, 지리적 경계 의미상에서의 공간 규정은 의미를 상실하게 되었다. 이 때문에, 정치, 학술이 결합하였고, 경학을 주체로 삼는 중국 전통학술은 그 존재의 사회적, 역사적 조건을 잃어버렸다. 정교(政教) 전통의 폐지는 곧 직접적으로 경학의 중국전통 학술체계 가운데에서의 독존적 지위의 상실을 야기하였으니, 꽃은 이미 흐드러졌고 영광은 영멸하였다. 표면적으로 보면, 중국 학술의 전통으로부터 현대에 이르는 전환은 서학동점의 결과였다.그러나 변혁의 실질적 추동 요인은 중국 전통 학술 내부로부터 기인한 것이다. 서학동점은 그저 하나의 계기에 불과했는데, “중서지별(中西之別)”이 “고금지변(古今之辨)”을 야기하였으며, 나아가 “고금지변(古今之變)”으로 파생되었다. 그 결과는 “경학(經學)”의 와해, “자학(子學)”의 돌출, 서학과의 상호 결합으로 표현되었으며, 중국의 새로운 지식계보를 구성하였다. 이로부터 볼 수 있듯, 중국의 현대학술을 토론하는 것은 서양의 관점을 벗어날 수 없으며, 서양의 영향을 해석하는 것이든, 아니면 중국 학술의 주체성으로 회귀하여 서학과 소원해지고자 것이든 막론하고, 서학동점은 결코 배척할 수 없는 “전이해(前理解)구조”이다. 오로지 이러한 관점 하에서만 비로소 같음 가운데 다름을 변별하고, 다름 속에서 같음을 볼 수 있을 것이며, 아울러 최종적으로는 그러한 이동(異同)을 초월하여, 보편적 학술의 근본 문제에 대한 탐구로 향하는 도경을 열 수 있을 것이며, 중국 현대학술 또한 비로소 진정으로 지역적 지식으로부터 세계로 나아갈 수 있을 것이다.

Auditory Deficits in Patients With Mild and Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Speech Syllable Evoked Auditory Brainstem Response Study

Qiuyang Fu,Tao Wang,Yong Liang,Yong Lin,Xiangdong Zhao,Jian Wa,Suxiao Fa 대한이비인후과학회 2019 Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology Vol.12 No.1

Objectives. The energy consumption process of cochlea and neural signal transduction along the auditory pathway are highly dependent on blood oxygen supply. At present, it is under debate on whether the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) would affect the auditory function since the patients suffer from low oxygen saturation. Moreover, it is difficult to detect the functional state of auditory in less severe stage of OSAS. Recently, speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (speech-ABR) has been reported to be a new electrophysiological tool in characterizing the auditory dysfunction. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the auditory processes in adult patients with mild and moderate OSAS by speech-ABR. Methods. An experimental group of 31 patients with mild to moderate OSAS, and a control group without OSAS diagnosed by apnea hypopnea index in polysomnogram were recruited. All participants underwent otologic examinations and tests of pure-tone audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, click-evoked auditory brainstem response (click-ABR) and speech-ABR, respectively. Results. The results of pure-tone audiogram, distortion product otoacoustic emissions, and click-ABR in OSAS group showed no significant differences compared with the control group (P>0.05). Speech-ABRs for OSAS participants and controls showed similar morphological waveforms and typical peak structures. There were significant group differences for the onset and offset transient peaks (P<0.05), where OSAS group had longer latencies for peak V (6.69±0.33 ms vs. 6.39±0.23 ms), peak C (13.48±0.30 ms vs. 13.31±0.23 ms), and peak O (48.27±0.39 ms vs. 47.60±0.40 ms) compared to the control group. The latency of these peaks showed significant correlations with apnea hypopnea index for peak V (r=0.37, P=0.040), peak C (r=0.36, P=0.045), as well as peak O (r=0.55, P=0.001). Conclusion. These findings indicate that some auditory dysfunctions may be present in patients with mild and moderate OSAS, and the damages were aggravated with the severity of OSAS, whi

중국 징진지 지역의 LED 산업 현황 및 진출기회

김부용 ( Fu Yong Jin ),조현준 ( Hyun Jun Cho ) 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소 2012 中國硏究 Vol.54 No.-

This paper examines the LED industry of the region Jing-Jin-Ji (Beijing- Tianjin-Hebei), and comparing with other regions of mainland China. Jing-Jin-Ji takes the lead in R&D for wafers and chips, but its research outcomes have been hardly industrialized, and few companies are engaged in packaging and application. Jing-Jin-Ji`s market has not been properly formed, compared with other regions; its share of China`s whole LED industry is small, but the volume of use of LED application goods is greater than in other regions. The advancement of foreign firms into this region is poorer than in the southern region, where the LED industry is well developed. Accordingly, Jing-Jin-Ji still has more merits than the Pearl River Delta or Yangtze River Delta regions, which are already saturated, and this gives Korean LED companies the opportunity to pioneer in the market. With regard to entering into the domestic production goods market, the degree of utilization of the import markets of Beijing and Hebei is very low, so exports to these two regions should be expanded. In the application goods, the largest market in the future is expected to be the backlight market, which is anticipated to give the greatest opportunities to Korean companies. Particularly in Tianjin whose main business are focused on IT and electronics, Korea should make the most use of its superior position in the LED TV industry. In the automobile LED lighting goods, high demand will arise from the leading car manufacturers such as Beijing Hyundai Motors. And it is desirable to preferentially advance into LED lighting application model cities such as Tianjin, Baoding. With regard to strategic cooperation with local companies, recommendable are the display, wafer or backlight areas wherein Jing-Jin-Ji is strong and competitive.