「천변풍경」의 담론 특성 연구

김용재(Kim Yong-jae) 국어문학회 2007 국어문학 Vol.42 No.-

The purpose of this study was to make it clear the feature of discourse in The Landscape along the Riverside(Cheonbyeon-Punggyeong). This work described a landscape of the riverside for a year of 19308 and shaped more than thirty persons under orderly plot and properly controled narration. Characters were divided into three: the 1st group was like clerical staff Min and the owner of a linen shop, representing the middle class; the 2nd group, women centering Jeom-ryong's mother; the 3rd group, the humble class who had come to Seoul like Jae-bong and Chang-soo. These groups of persons were in the foreground to the readers through alternating between focalizer and narrator. The story connected with the mood of the seasons, didn't generally approach of modem reality, and focused on revealing the dailiness of the persons and the aspect of the community life. Thus, the change of time was analyzed into repetition and circulation. The narrator showed the 1st group denial and caricature, the 2nd the warmhearted and objective attitude, and the 3rd affirmation and expectation, focusing on the humble class's community life in the modem times. Especially, Jae-bong and Chang-soo played essential parts. This novel centered on embodying speciality through the equipment such as rumor, observation and peep while weakening narrativity. In addition, inserting the discourses to induce readers contributed to the story connection and the embodiment of space. Cheong-kye riversides community's city life was described through the method of daily discourses. This dailiness was a way of experience in the modern times and reflection of the prevailing society. It could not be disregarded that the feature of discourse enlarged the spaciality through the structure of circulation and repetition.

漢文科 ‘논술형 문항’ 개발에 관한 小考

김용재Yong-jae, Kim) 성신여자대학교 교육문제연구소 2016 교육연구 Vol.67 No.-

이 글은 중등교육 ‘漢文’ 교과에서 다뤄질 수 있는 ‘論述形 問項 개발’ 에 초점을 맞추어 연구된 것이다. 현재 대부분의 일선 중등학교 현장교 육은 입시 위주의 교육에 편중된 나머지, 암기나 지식전달에 몰입되어 이뤄지고 있다. 이러한 학교현실과는 달리 우리나라의 각 대학에서 제시 하고 있는 입시 경향과 각종 정책에 따르면, 학습자의 종합적인 사고력과 이해력을 증진시킨다는 명분하에, ‘論述’을 또다른 평가유형으로 권장 하고 있는 실정이다. 그러나 敎育課程이 있으면 그에 부합하는 교육성취도 평가가 짝지어질 수 있듯이, 교수학습의 모형이 있어야만 그에 따른 교수학습 평가가 부합되는 것 또한 당연한 일이다. 그러나 학교 현장에 서의 교육은 지식전달과 이론 중심의 主知主義에 닫혀있는데도 불구하 고, 학습자의 창의력과 사고력 그리고 이해력과 분석력을 종합적으로 판단하겠다는 논술 유형을 평가의 한 축으로 제시하는 것은 先後가 맞지 않아 보인다. 중등학교 현장교육에서 ‘논술’ 유형을 하나의 평가群으로 도입/실행하기 위해서는 우선 그에 대한 전제로서 수업방식부터 토론과 논술이 유도될 수 있도록 전환되어야 한다. 실제 수업은 교과서 내에서 다뤄지는 교육과정 요소들을 암기하는 것임에 불과한데, 정작 평가는 서술이나 단답 형의 수준을 넘어 논술까지를 요구한다는 점에서 상호 간의 균형과 선후가 맞지 않다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 漢文 교과에서 논술평가가 가능한 유형이 무엇인지를 선제적으로 고민하고 개발하는 것은 어쩌면 유의미한 일이 될 수도 있다. 왜냐하면, 漢文 교과만이 갖고 있는 과목의 특성과 성격이 ‘論述’ 평가에 부합할만한 부분이 적절하기 때문이다. 한편, 기존 漢文 교과수업과 그에 대한 평가가 주로 객관식이거나 혹은 단답형 유형으로 이루어져 왔다. 그러나 漢文 교과가 언어생활과 비판적 가치관을 습득하기 위해서는 일정정도 자신의 견해에 대하여 논리와 체계를 갖추고 이를 서술시키게 만드는 논술형 문항 개발에 대하여 선제적으로 고민할 필요도 있다. 다만, 한문교과 내에서도 세부영역에 따라 문형이 달라질 수 있는 개연성에 초점을 맞춰야할 것이다. 이 글은 이러한 입장을 견지하고, 중등교육 한문교과에서 다뤄질 수 있는 논술형 문항의 몇 가지 예시를 선보이고자 하였다. This article is focused on the development of essay test items that can be dealt with in secondary school ‘Chinese textbook’. At present, most of the frontline secondary school field education is concentrated on entrance exam oriented education, and is carried out in a way that is immersed in memorization or knowledge transfer. In contrast to the reality of this school, according to the entrance exam tendency suggested by each university and the policy dimension of the secondary education, the ‘discussion’ is recommended as another evaluation type in the sense that it promotes the comprehensive thinking and understanding of the learner. However, as the curriculum can be matched with the corresponding evaluation of educational achievement, it is also natural that the teaching and learning evaluation according to the model of teaching and learning is matched. However, the on - site education is carried out through knowledge transfer and theory - centered education. It is not right and wrong to evaluate the essay exam to comprehensively judge learners creativity, thinking ability, comprehension and analytical ability. In order to introduce and execute the essay test as an evaluation method in the secondary school field education, the premise must be changed so that discussions and essays can be derived from the teaching method. Practical lessons are merely memorizing or acquiring the elements of the curriculum that are handled in the textbooks, and evaluation is not appropriate for the balance and prosperity in that it requires essay writing beyond the description or short answer. Nevertheless, preliminary thinking and development of what types of essays can be evaluated in Chinese textbooks may be meaningful. This is because the characteristics and the nature of subjects that only Chinese textbooks have are appropriate for essay examination. This article holds this position and shows some of the essay test questions that can be addressed in secondary school Chinese textbooks.

임하호에서의 (臨河湖) 식물성플랑크톤 군집의 (群集) 생태학적 고찰

김용재,최재신,김도한,정준 ( Yong Jae Kim,Jae Sin Choi,Do Han Kim,Jung Chung ) 한국하천호수학회 1995 생태와 환경 Vol.28 No.1

This study was investigated the ecological study of phytoplankton community from eight stations of Imha lake on May, July, September and November in 1993. Phytoplankton was identified the total 297 taxa, which was composed of 261 species, 29 varieties, 3 forma and 4 unidentified taxa. Standing crops were ranged from 6.Ox10^5unit/l at st. 1 on May to 1.4×10^7unit/l at st. 2 on July. Dominant species were Anabaena soilitaria f. planctonica, Cyclotella comta, Cyclotella meneghiniana, Cyclotella ocellata, Cyclotella stelligera and Synedra delicatissima var. angustissima. Dominant index, diversity index and evenness index were 0.068∼0.750, 0.341∼1.367, 0.183∼0.716, respectively. In relationships between community and physico-chemical factors, chlorophyll-a concentration was showed a law coefficient with the total standing crops but a high with standing crop of C. stelligera. Water temperature was a positive relations with the total standing crops. T-P was showed a low relation with the total standing crops and a negative with A. solitaria f. planctonica. T-N and conductivity were a positive with the total standing crops and standing crop of Bacillariophyceae. This lake was the oligotrophic or mesotrophic type on May but converted from mesotrophic to eutrophic type at all stations on July, September and November by comparison with phytoplankton community and physico-chemical factors.

임하호의 식물 플랑크톤 군집구조

김용재,최재신,김한순 ( Yong Jae Kim,Jae Shin Choi,Han Soon Kim ) 한국하천호수학회 1997 생태와 환경 Vol.30 No.4

Phytoplankton communities are investigated at four stations in Lake Imha from March, 1992 to November, 1994. Phytopalnkton are identified from 234 taxa in 1992 to 302 taxa, in 1994. Standing crops are the highest value in 1992 and the lowest value in 1993, and slowerly increased in 1994. Dominant species are Cyclotella pseostelligera and 13 taxa. Among them, Anabaena solitaria f. planctonica is bloomed during the season the high Total-N/Total-P ratio. This result is guessed the difference between the water environment of Korea and other nations.

조선시대 反양명학 문헌 조사 및 추출을 통한 양명학 비판 내용의 성향 분석과 反양명학 사조의 흐름에 나타난 특징 연구[2]

김용재(Kim, Yong-Jae) 한국양명학회 2015 陽明學 Vol.0 No.40

이 글은 조선시대에서의 양명학 존재 여부와 양명학 비판 양상을 『韓國文集叢刊』 등의 1차자료의 원전(문헌)들을 찾아 逆추적하여 그 의미와 성격을 규명하는데 있다. 이는 한국양명학에 대한 기존 연구 대부분이 문헌자료에 대한 出處나 典據없이, 임의의 어떤 인물을 설정하고 그 인물에 대한 양명학적 성격이나 특징을 규명하는 방향으로 치달아 왔다는 한계를 극복하기 위한 경학적 연구의 嚆矢라 하겠다. 따라서 필자는 『한국문집총간』 과 ‘김제문화원’에 소장되어 있는 1차 (원전)자료 안에서 ‘양명학 비판’과 연관있다고 판단되는 18人을 선별하고, 이들 문헌에서 논의되었던 양명학 비판 양상을 분석하여 조선시대의 양명학 비판 양상이 갖는 특징을 찾아보는데 주력하였다. 그런데 18인의 문집에 나타난 문헌자료를 찾는 것은 그 연구범위가 매우 광활함으로 인하여, 필자는 2011년 1차년도 旣연구성과로서 조선에 양명학이 유입되는 시기부터 ‘退溪’와 退溪門人가운데 ‘서애 류성용’까지를 범위(7名)로 한정하고, 「조선시대 反양명학 문헌조사 및 추출을 통한 양명학 비판 내용의 성향 분석과 反양명학 사조의 흐름에 나타난 특징 연구(1)」라는 제목으로 연구결과를 발표한 바 있으며, 본고는 그 두 번째 편에 해당한다. 따라서 본 논문은 그 후속작업으로서 17세기 ‘南溪朴世采’로부터 18세기 ‘南唐韓元震’, 그리고 19~20세기 초 ‘石亭李定稷’에 이르는 10名의 유자들이 견지했던 양명학 비판양상의 문헌목록을 조사하고, 원전자료에 입각하여 그 특징을 찾아보는 데에 연구의 목적이 있다. 그러나 방대한 원전(문헌)자료 목록과 분석이 병행되어야 함의 이중고를 극복하기 위하여, 拙稿에서는 反양명학이론이 강렬했던 위 3명(박세채ㆍ한원진ㆍ이정직)의 문헌을 중심으로 論旨를 전개하였다. This paper tries to recover and trace back the aspects of criticisms of Yangming studies in Joseon Dynasty through primary sources (documents, original works), such as “Korean Literary Collections (韓國文集叢刊)” etc. This can be considered the preliminary step to overcome the limitations of the current research on Yangming in Korea in which the majority are carried out without sources or original references, only by choosing some optional figures and considering the characteristics of their thoughts on Yangming. Therefore the author selects 18 figures supposed to be related to ‘the criticisms over Yangming’ from original texts collected in “Korean Literary Collections” and ‘Kim Je cultural academy’, analyzing their criticisms over Yangming studies through their arguments in those documents and then finding the characteristics of the criticisms over Yangming studies in Joseon Dynasty. However, since the scope of the work of searching for documents compiled in those 18 figures’ collected works is really extensive, in 2011 the author had carried out the first part of the research which was limited to the period from the introduction of Yangming studies into Joseon, through Toe-gye (退溪) and his disciples, to ‘Seo-ae Ryu Seong Yong’, and this paper, named ‘Analysis of tendency of criticism over Yangming studies and research on characteristics displaying from anti-Yangming studies (through investigating and extracting anti-Yangming study documents of Joseon Dynasty)’ (1) can be considered the second part of this research. Therefore this paper, as the succeeding work, has the purpose of investigating the list of documents criticizing Yangming of 10 Confucian scholars, from Nam-gye (南溪) Park Se Chae (朴世采) in 17th century through Nam-dang (南唐) Han Won Jin (韓元震) in 18th century to Seok-jeong (石亭) Lee Jeong Jik (李定稷) who lived in the late 19th century to the early 20th century, and searching for their characteristics. However, in order to overcome the difficulty of analyzing a large number of documents, the author would deploy the arguments focusing on the documents of 3 figures named Park Se Chae, Han Won Jin and Lee Jeong Jik whose anti-Yangming thoughts are truly strong.

멀티 콘센트용 변류기 및 과전류 검출 회로 설계

김용재,김민석,박규상,김재홍,Kim, Yong-Jae,Kim, Min-Seok,Park, Gyu-Sang,Kim, Jae-Hong 한국전자통신학회 2015 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.10 No.8

멀티 콘센트의 과전류로 인한 과열을 방지하기 위한 보호방식으로는 주로 금속바이메탈 방식, 스위칭회로 방식, 마이크로컨트롤러(MCU)를 이용한 과전류 정밀제어 방식 등이 사용되어 오고 있다. 하지만 이러한 방식들은 보호회로가 과전류가 흐르는 전선에 병렬접속 함으로써 2차 화재의 위험이 있을 수 있으며 입력전압의 비선형 왜곡에 취약한 단점을 가지고 있다. 또한 기존의 방식들은 제품의 단가가 비교적 크게 올라가므로 충분한 시장성을 확보하기가 쉽지 않다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 과전류가 흐르는 전선에 비접촉식 관통형 변류기를 설계하고 변류기의 2차 유도전류를 이용하여 과전류를 감지하여 사용자가 과전류 상황을 인지할 수 있도록 LED 및 부저 회로를 통하여 시각 및 청각적 신호를 전달하는 기능을 구현한다. 실험 결과들로부터 제안된 회로는 매우 경제적이고 간단하면서도 안정적으로 동작함을 확인 할 수 있다. For the over-heat protection purpose in power strip devices, over-current detection/protection circuits, such as bimetal, switching circuit, and microprocessor-based relay circuit, have been widely setup in high-end products. Most of these circuits are connected to the power line in parallel and, thus, they are sensitive to the line voltage and current distortion. Moreover, these protection circuits are often costly and, therefore, it is hard to meet the commercial requirements. A low-cost over-current detection circuit with the contactless current transducer is designed and tested in this paper. The detection circuit is galvanically isolated from the power line and, thus, less sensitive to the line voltage distortion. The experimental results show that the proposed circuit accurately operates despite of its simple structure and low-cost electronic parts.

전기자 분산배치 PMLSM의 단부 코깅력 저감을 위한 전기자 스큐각의 영향 분석

김용재,김재홍,Kim, Yong-Jae,Kim, Jae-Hong 한국전자통신학회 2014 한국전자통신학회 논문지 Vol.9 No.2

영구자석 선형 동기 전동기는 회전기기에 비해 구조적으로 간단하여 보수 점검이 용이하고 정밀, 고속, 고추력화 등의 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. 하지만 반송경로 전장에 전기자를 설치해야 하는 구조적 특성으로 인해 반송경로가 길어지면 길어질수록 초기 설치비용이 상승하게 된다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 전기자를 분산시켜 배치하는 방식을 제시하였으나 전기자를 분산시켜 배치할 경우 전기자 양 끝단에는 구조상 반드시 단부가 존재하게 되며 이러한 단부는 추력 맥동을 야기하는 코깅력을 크게 발생시켜 기기의 소음과 진동 및 기기의 성능 저하의 원인이 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 기기의 운전특성을 향상시키기 위해 전기자의 스큐에 따른 단부특성을 3D FEM 수치해석을 이용하여 파악하고 단부 코깅력을 가장 저감시키는 전기자 스큐를 제안하고자 한다. The permanent magnet linear synchronous motors facilitate maintenance, for it is structurally simple compare to rotating machine and has lots of advantage such as a precision control, high speed, high thrust and so on. However, it causes an increase of material cost because of structural characteristics that need to arranges the armature on the full length of transportation lines. Thus, in order to resolve this problem, we propose the discontinuous arrangement method of the armature but the edge always exists due to the structure when the armature is arranged discontinuously. Due to this edge, the cogging force is greatly generated and it causes thrust force ripple generating noise, vibration and decline of performance. Therefore, in this paper, we examined the characteristic of end edge according to the skew angle through 3-D numerical analysis using finite element method(FEM) and improved the operation characteristics.

낙동강 중,하류의 식물플랑크톤 군집의 월 변화

김용재,Kim, Yong-Jae 한국조류학회(藻類) 2004 ALGAE Vol.19 No.4

Monthly variations of phytoplankton communities were conducted to the investigation at five stations in mid and lower parts of the Nakdong River from December 1995 to November 1996. The phytoplankton communities were identified a total 456taxa which were composed of 136 genera, 427 species, 27 varieties and 2 forma. The standing crops of phytoplankton communities ranged from 2.7 to 52.8 (${\times}$10³)cells·ml$^{-1}$ during the investigation periods. Bacillariophyceae was the dominant classes at all stations. The dominant species were 7taxa and the standing crops of these ranged from 18.3 to 95.1% of the standing crops of phytoplankton communities. The dominant species in the mid parts (st. 1, 2) of this river system were benthic species such as Navicula gregaria, N. viridula var. rostellata and Nitzschia palea, however it was planktonic species (Stephan discus hantzschii, Golenkinia radiata) and meroplanktonic species (Aulacoseira ambigua, A. granulata) in the lower parts (st. 3, 4, 5). The seasonal variations of the dominant species in the lower parts were appeared to the planktonic species (S. hantzschii) from winter to spring, and were the meroplanktonic species (A. ambigua and A. granulata) in from summer to fall. The lower parts of the Nakdong river were entropic states because the dominant species were composed A. ambigua, A. granulate and S. hantzschii which were indicators of entropic water quality. The interrelationships between total standing crops and environmental factors(water temperature, pH, NH$_4$, NO$_2$, NO$_3$ and PO$_4$) were low positive or negative coefficients. S. hantzschii had low positive or negative relations with water temperature, NH$_4$, NO$_2$, NO$_3$ and PO$_4$. As the result, the variations of standing crops of phytoplankton were not caused by a single factor but controlled by the complex factors.

남부지방에서 벼 재배형태별 분얼체계 및 수량구성형질의 차이에 관한 연구 I. 묘종류와 육묘시기에 따른 묘소질 및 본답 생육의 변화

김용재,신해룡,장강연,Kim, Yong-Jae,Shin-Hae-Ryong,Chang, Gang-Yeon 한국작물학회 1992 한국작물학회지 Vol.37 No.3

To study the effects of different nursing methods and transplanting on the growth of the rice plant(Oriza sativa L.hn southern region of Korea, Kumo-byeo, Palgong-byeo and Dong-jinbyeo were transplanted from April 20 to July 20 with 15 days intervals as 8 days seedling (infant rice), 25 days box seedling for machine transplanting and 45 days conventional seedling, respectively. No. of leaves at transplanting were in order of 45 days seedling>25 days seedling>8 days seedling. In 25 days seedling, they were increased as transplanting dates were later from April 20 to June 5, and in 45 days seedling, it showed same tendency until June 5 with Dongjinbyeo, June 20 with Palgong-byeo and Kumo-byeo. Root activity according to the $\alpha$-naphthylamine oxidation activity and rooting activity were higher in order of 8 days seedling>25 days seedling>45days seedling. Panicle formation initiated after maximum tillering stage as transplanting at April 20 with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedling, but it intiated before maximum tillering stage as transplanting at July 20 in Kumo-byeo. and in Palgong-byeo intiations of panicle formation were shown after maximum tillering stage as transplanting until May 20, but June 5 in Dongjin-byeo. However, there was no significant tendency with 45 days seedling. Missing hill ratio were less than 5% as transplanting with 8 days seedling and 25 days seedlingregardless of transplanting periods or varieties.

DCT 영역에서 영상의 임의 비율 크기 변환을 위한 새로운 알고리즘

김용재,이창우,Kim, Yong-Jae,Lee, Chang-Woo 한국통신학회 2007 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.32 No.2C

유비쿼터스 통신 환경에서는 영상의 다양한 형태의 변환이 필수적인데, 대부분의 디지털 영상은 DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform)를 기반으로 한 JPEG, MPEG 등의 표준 기법을 이용하여 압축되어 저장되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 DCT 영역에서 영상의 크기를 변환시키는 기존의 여러 가지 알고리즘들을 고찰하고 그 성능을 분석하며, 기존의 방법보다 더 우수한 성능을 보이는 DCT 영역에서의 영상 크기 변환 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안하는 알고리즘은 DCT 영역에서 영상의 임의 크기 변환을 위해 여러 개의 $8{\times}8$ DCT 계수 블록을 변환 비율에 따라 변환식을 통하여 하나의 블록으로 변환하고 최적의 zero-padding 및 truncating을 위한 IDCT의 크기를 정하는 방법을 이용하여 영상 크기 변환의 성능을 높인다. 이것은 화소간의 상관도를 최대한 이용하여 DCT 계수를 구하고, 여기서 얻어진 DCT 계수 블록에서 원하는 비율에 따라 최적의 크기를 구함으로써 성능을 높이는 알고리즘이다. 그 성능을 원 영상과 축소하여 다시 확대시킨 영상의 PSNR 비교를 통하여 확인하였고, 제안하는 알고리즘은 특정 비율의 변환에 있어서 기존의 알고리즘을 포괄할 수 있는 방법임을 확인할 수 있었다. In Ubiquitous communication environment, various conversions of images are essential, and most digital images are compressed by standard methods such as the Joint Photographic Expert Group (JPEG) and Motion Picture Expert Group (MPEG) which are based on the discrete cosine transform (DCT). In this paper, various image resizing algorithms in the DCT domain are analyzed, and a new image resizing algorithm, which shows superior performance compared with the conventional methods, is proposed. For arbitrary-ratio image resizing in the DCT domain, several blocks of $8{\times}8$ DCT coefficients are converted into one block using the conversion formula in the proposed algorithm, and the size of the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) is decided optimally. The performance is analyzed by comparing the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) between original images and converted images. The performance of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the conventional algorithm, since the correlation of pixels in images is utilized more efficiently.