고압 열처리 공정이 수출용 훈제오리제품의 식품안전성에 미치는 영향

김용안 ( Kim Yong An ),황인호 ( Hwang Inho ) 전북대학교 농업과학기술연구소 2017 농업생명과학연구 Vol.48 No.1

This technical study was involved in exporting of chilled and sliced duck products to China and Southeast Asian countries which enjoy duck meat. Heat and High-Pressure Processing (HPP) treatment were used on packaged duck slices meat in relation to food safety during the export period, without food preservatives (such as potassium sorbate et.c) assuming consciousness improvement of targeted the export consumers. Comparisons were made between two methods; a) water heating treatment (82°C, 4 minutes and 30 seconds) after the slice and packaging duck, b) additionally, HPP treatment was applied after water heating treatment of sliced, packaged duck. The High-Pressure pressure of 500MPa and 600MPa used with 3min and 5min treatment time respectively. In terms of total plate counts, more than 3 logs(CFU/ml) was found in untreated samples at 2^nd weeks. However total plate counts on the samples treated by 500MPa/5min, 600MPa/3min and 600MPa/5min, it was lower than 3 logs (CFU/mL) until the 7^th week. HPP was highly effective for controlling indigenous bacteria (p<0.001). The group of Escherichia coli was found in non-HPP treated samples at 4^th weeks,/ but was not detected at 9^th weeks on samples pressurized by 500MPa/5min, 600MPa/3min and 600MPa/5min. HPP was highly effective for controlling a group of Escherichia coli (p=0.01). The pH value of fresh samples was 7.20, however, it was decreased to 7.0 after a week. In the non-HPP treated samples, the pH value was 6.0 or less (5.93±0.06) after 8th weeks, but it was 6.4 or more in samples treated by 500MPa/5 min, 600MPa/3min and 600MPa/5min until 9^th weeks. The pH was lowered with time, but HPP was effective in retarding the pH drop(p<0.001). Salinity was not consistently significant in all treatments. The slightly salty taste was increased after HPP treatments due to the strong binding sodium in meat and not due to changes in salinity. Therefore, water heating and HPP treatment were effective for exported sliced duck products. It was found that treatment at 500MPa/5min and 600MPa/3min or 500MPa/5min was very effective for food stability. However, it is unclear whether the effect was of the alone HPP or combination of HPP and water heating treatment. Thus, further studies might be required to evaluate it together with non-water heat treated HPP and pathogenic poisoning bacteria to secure food safety.

『이즈의 소녀무희』고찰 -이미지를 중심으로-

김용안 ( Yong-an Kim ) 한국일어일문학회 2016 日語日文學硏究 Vol.97 No.2

この小說は日本の近·現代文學の中でももっとも多樣な媒體にリバイバルされている作品の一つである。その理由はいろいろあろうが、宮澤賢治の『銀河鐵道の夜1933)』のように、その作品が保持しているユニ一クなイメ一ジによるところがあると云えよう。これらは讀者を美しい抒情の世界へ誘う神秘的な魅力に溢れている。この小說を名作たらしめるのは、拔群の主題でも、すぐれたプロットでも、興味深い筋でもない。まさに特有の浪漫性を支えているイメ一ジである。ところが、これらとは裏腹に、この作品の價値を半減させる非イメ一ジもこの小說にはある程度存在しており、イメ一ジ上に斷層をなしていることも分かった。この論文はこの多樣なイメ一ジを分析したものである。作品の冒頭には、秋の情趣が染みた伊豆の風景に踊子の踊りと容態とが映像として提示され、これに、彼女の打つ太鼓の音と稱えの言葉とが響きが融合し、特有のイメ一ジが連打される。そのイメ一ジに讀者は魅了されるのだ。これらのイメ一ジは、そのすべてが小說のナレ一タ一である「私」に飛び迂んでくるので、私との因果關係はないものの、言葉を遙かに上回る名殘惜しい余韻を殘している。一方、これとは逆に、非イメ一ジも散見しているが、これらはすべてがこの小說に惡影響を及ぼしているのが分かった。要するに、二人の無味乾燥な對話や別れた後の舟の中の私の獨白などは、リアリティ一が欠いているため、これまでの私の踊子に對する戀が疑われるほど、抵抗感さえ齎している。讀者の共感を伴わず、小說のナレ一タ一の「私」の一方的な獨走の形を取っている揷話というものが、小說全體の敍事の中に溶迂まず、漂流を重ねている結果であると思われる。しかし、この小說は``イメ一ジの庭園``と呼ばれるだけあって、拔群のイメ一ジの絶對的な存在感はその欠点を十分に相殺するだけの力をもつ。この小說の中で題目から始るこれらのイメ一ジは、時·空間を越えて通用し、今日も風化されておらず、燃え盡きず潑剌さを保っている。それゆえに、この小說は讀者を魅了し續けるのである。それはあくまでも拔群のイメ一ジの存在感のおかげである。 What makes this novel a masterpiece is not the outstanding subject, or excellent plot, or interesting story. It is the dim images supporting the romantic idea of this piece. From the title-forming image and the images here and there lead this novel. But, in this novel, it was found that there are many anti-images quite different from the images, so there is a stratum of images. First, I illuminated the outstanding images in the expression of 「me」 in the novel by classifying to visual and acoustic images, and they all accidentally jumped into 「me」, and the characteristics is that they are not related to cause-and-effect relationship. But, I found that they create romantic and emotional grief and make flowing lyric unique to the novel, and on the other hand, leave a long after-state exceeding the words, thus play a decisive role for making this novel a masterpiece. On the contrary, there are also anti-images not securing reality or having weak presence and finally break into pieces, so I found that these are acting as the area having adverse effect on the novel. In this process, contrastively to the form of the girl dancer, who maintains the same image, I found that there is a clear stratum in the identity of 「me」, and also found that the series of behaviors and confessions by 「me」 in the boat coming back from the parting cause the resistance making doubts even on the morality that if the love of 「me」 so far was a true love.It seems to be the part with the strong suspicion for the intervention of the writer rather than the behavior of the character in the novel. But, I found that the absolute presence of the outstanding images more than offset such flaw, so that this novel can be called ``Garden of Images``. Those images in this novel starting from the title are good transcending the time?space, and maintains the vividness without being desiccated. Therefore, this novel has no gustation period, and is loved by the readers for a long time. That owes to the outstanding presence of the images.

일회적 운동 후 회복방법이 항산화 효소(SOD, CAT)의 활성도에 미치는 영향

김용안(Yong An Kim),김재호(Jae Ho Kim) 한국체육교육학회 2004 한국체육교육학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Tau23 동물에서 손상된 HSP90-mediated autophagic/lysosomal pathway의 운동의 개선 효과

김용안(Kim Yong-An),손희정(Son Hee-Jeong),박준영(Park Joon-Young),김범수(Kim Bum-Soo),하재여(Ha Jae-Yeo),조임형(Cho lim-Hyeong),임예현(Leem Yea-Hyun) 한국체육과학회 2011 한국체육과학회지 Vol.20 No.2

The objective of this study is to investigate whether chronic endurance exercise attenuates tau hyperphosphorylation and alters incomplete autophagic pathway. To achieve the objective of current study, 16 months of age of Tau23 mice were subjected to treadmill-running with 12m/min or 19m/min of speed for 12 weeks of period. the levels of neuropathophysiological phospho-sites on tau (pSer202, 204, 396, 404) were profoundly reduced in response to exercise. Autolysosomal activity-related LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ expression ratio and Cathepsin D expression were enhanced in Tg mice, but inversely declined in exercised Tg mice. Beeline-1 and p62, which were linked to autophagosome formation, expression levels were significantly reduced in Tg mice. HSP90 and CHIP, which play key role in escorting toward autophagy, expression levels were increased or decreased, respectively in Tg mice, and were reversed in exercised Tg mice. Based on our findings, chronic exercise suggests to ameliorate the incomplete and immature autophagic activity by Tau overexpression and hyperphosphorylation, resulting in reduction of Tau hyperphosphorylation.

타니자키 중이치로, 곡기윤일랑(谷崎潤一郞)의『춘금초(春琴抄)』론 26 -서사의 역발상을 중심으로-

김용안 ( Yong An Kim ) 한국일어일문학회 2014 日語日文學硏究 Vol.91 No.2

具として存分に利用されていることが內面の樣子である。要するに佐助の春琴への巡禮, お互い同士で相手は、-人の人物よりは-つの世界であるのプロセスが作品に貫いている反面、佐助が自分の目を自害して盲人になったと告白する場面では春琴の佐助への感動やしばらくの巡禮が行間から讀まれる。第二に、この小說には春琴のサディズムと佐助のマゾヒズムの二つの軸で支えられていることは廣く知られている常識であるが、作品の內面にはナレ-タ-が春琴を虐待しているもう-つのサディズムの軸が存在していることも指摘すべきであると思う。なぜなら、アイデンティティ-が疑われるほどの春琴の過度な惡女ぶりが作品のあちこちに目立つからである。このナレ-タ-の行爲は春琴の惡行を戱畵化して際立たせることによって佐助の犧牲者ぶりを强調したいという目的で行われていることは言うまでもない。春琴のサディズムと佐助のマゾヒズムとナレ-タ-のサディズムとが三つ巴のように作品の內部で動いているのである。要するにナレ-タ-は春琴のイメ-ジを崩していくが、佐助のイメ-ジは彫刻していくのがかんじられる。第三に、二人のエゴイズムであるが、春琴のエゴイズムだけが浮き彫りにされていて、外見上の讀みでは佐助のエゴイズムはないがしろにされがちである。しかし、作品の內側では春琴のそれは本能的であり、しかも果敢なものが目立っているのに對し、佐助のそれは眼に見えないところでゆるやかに執拗さを增していくのである。春琴のエゴイズムが感情的であり、とぎれとぎれのものであるとすれば佐助のエゴイズムは絶え間ない執着に支えられていると言える。實際に春琴の暮らしの範圍には限界があり、自分の身分に甘えているに過ぎないが、佐助は小使の身分から師匠に至るまでの身分の上昇は勿論、春琴とは事實上の夫婦關係になり、ついには戀の化身にまで崇められていることからも分かる。最後に佐助の自害行爲によって二人が和合する逆の發想が輝く場面も確認できた。 The purpose of this study was to examine the position and the relation hiddendeeply in the novel through a description of the narrator. It was based on that thewriter used the inverse concept mainly, which was found to be flowing through asa stream in the novel. The novel was unfolded in the manner of annotating to a narration by the narratorhaving monogatari sex, roman of the imaginary "Mozyashungkingjeon" as thegeneral narrative in addition to the unusual preference of sadism and masochism andsetting the narrator. It is the relation between Saske and Shungking controlled most noticeably by theinverse concept. Saske and Shungking, for that reason, are shown crossed in differentboth poles. To summarize the contrast felt from the in-depth content of the novel, the narratorcollapses the image of Shungking from an angelic saint to an ill-fated demoniacwoman gradually, whereas that of Saske is carved into a landmark of the superegowith his fierce and persistent move. The superficial narration of the novel after all is in the situation where Shungkingabuses Saske like a tool but, inversely, Shungking is abused undiscriminatingly tocreate the image of Saske according to the in-depth hidden narration. Moreover, it was also found that, besides the two axes of Shungking``s sadismand Saske``s masochism, that has been pointed out so far, sadism of the narratortowards Shungking travestying to the extent of doubting his identity by discreditingor mistreating him cleverly was inherent as another axis. Finally, it also was the inverse concept that the narration of the novel wasdemonstrated at a dead end. Saske``s grotesque self-injury of poking his own eyeson the verge of the collapse of the relation between the two after the sudden burnof Shungking led to their unity, and made the paradox that the horrible blindnessbecame the nirvanic stage of opening one``s eyes possible.

일본문학(日本文學),일본학(日本學) 편(篇) : 한,일 소설의 피안(彼岸) 이미지 소고 -『소나기』와 『이즈의 춤 소녀(伊豆の踊り子)』를 중심으로-

김용안 ( Yong An Kim ) 한국일어일문학회 2010 日語日文學硏究 Vol.73 No.2

심포지엄 : 인간실격(人間失格)』에 내재된 이항대립 연구

김용안 ( Yong An Kim ) 한국일어일문학회 2013 日語日文學硏究 Vol.84 No.2

太宰治の『人間失格』という小說は、作家が自殺するわずか一ヶ月前に自分の慘憺たる靑春時代を省みながら書いた小說である。內容が切迫したものであろうと思われるが、そこには滑稽とユ?モアが溢れた重厚な作品になっている。手記の特異な形式で成り立っているこの小說は、二項對立という構造からなっていて解もいろいろな形で可能である。甚だしくは逆の解釋さえできるのが興味深い。單語一つが多義に跨っていることも特徵の一つであり、これも『人間失格』ならではの?み方だと思われる。いわゆる立?的な?みが可能であることも注目に値する。反語の醍?味が思う存分生かされた傑作であるほか言いようがない。大家の太宰の手際が遺憾なく發揮された所?である。なぜかと言うと世間を風刺したり、皮肉ったりするかたちとしてはこの方法に勝るものはないからである。作者は慘憺たる失敗の報告書を重い瞋?の言葉でなく、笑いの言葉で?く表したのである。それが本?の意味でのお道化かも知れない。具?的な例は次の通りである。題目の<人間失格>という語彙からみると、手記には葉藏が自分を失格だと言っているが、それとは裏腹に、お互い欺きあいながらも、それにすら?づいていない一般の人間の方が失格ではないだろうか。また、世間の人には身を染まらせずただそれを見詰めている葉藏の方がかえって人間の資格をちゃんと備えているのではないだろうか。この手記では?の意味での人間失格は書き手の自分ではなく、自分を?んでいる世間の人?であるのではないかと讀者に氣づいてもらいたいかのように反問している。葉藏は口癖のように言葉では世間の人透が難解だと言っているが、實際には納得がいかないどころか、葉藏にとって世間の人?は透けて見える存在のようである。この小說がもし對話の形を取っていて、葉藏の周邊の人にも話せる機會を與えることができたなら、葉藏の存在が難解だという意見が殺到するにちがいない。お道化も表向きには葉藏が自分の人間に對する最後の求愛だと書いてあるが、それはまったく同じように自分自身への求愛でもあるのである。上のようなことは二項對立の構造から小說を照らしてみて分かったものである。

노화에 따른 골격근에서 운동훈련에 의한 자식작용 반응

Yong An Kim(김용안),Young Sang Kim(김영상) 한국생명과학회 2011 생명과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

Autophagy는 항상성 유지와 스트레스반응을 효율적으로 조정하기 위해 필수적인 세포 내 질적 조절작용이다. 노화가 진행되는 동안 autopahgy에 의한 degradation 효율성 저하와 그로 인한 세포 내 부산물의 축적이 증가하여 결국, 근육의 약화를 초래한다. 그러므로 본 연구의 목적은 골격근에서 운동에 의한 autopahgy 관련 단백질의 변화를 규명하는데 있다. 이를 위해 24마리의 Young 그룹과 Old 그룹을 나누어 각각 대조군(n=6)과 운동군(n=6)으로 배정하였다. 운동은 8주간 주 5회 실시하였고, 트레드밀 속도 16.4 m/min와 경사도 4%로 설정하여 40분간 지속적인 운동을 실시하였다. autopahgy 관련 단백질에 대한 검증 결과 Young 그룹과 비교하여 Old 그룹에서 LC3-1, Beclin-1, Atg7은 모두 유의하게 감소하였다. 그러나 8주간의 규칙적인 운동에 의하여 autophagy 관련 단백질은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 노화에 의해 약화된 autopahgy 기능은 규칙적인 운동에 의해 개선될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. Autophagy, a highly conserved mechanism of internal quality control, is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and for the orchestration of an efficient cellular response to stress. During aging, the efficiency of autophagic degradation declines and intracellular waste products accumulate. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of exercise on autophagic response in skeletal muscle. Twenty-four Young (4 month) and Old (12 month) ICR-type white male mice were divided into a control group (CON: n=6) and exercise training group (Tr: n=6) after an adaptation period of 1 week. Exercise consisted of treadmill running at 16.4 m/min with a 4% incline, 40 min/day and 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Cervical dislocation was performed at 48 hours after the last round of exercise, after which the gastrocnemius skeletal muscle were immediately collected. The results of verifying autophagy formation showed that the Sarcopenia index was decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, it increased with exercise training in the Old. Lipidation LC3-Ⅱ, Becline-1, and Atg7 were decreased in the Old mice compared to the Young. However, Lipidation LC3-Ⅱ was significantly increased in the trained Old mice (Young:1 Vs Old:1.32±0.042, p<0.05). Based on these data, we suggest that autophagy regulatory events are the attenuated in Old mice, but that they are enhanced with exercise training.

『계간 삼천리』연구 - 「우키시마마루호 폭침」기사를 중심으로 -

김용안 ( Kim Yong-an ) 韓國外國語大學校 外國學綜合硏究센터 日本硏究所 2017 日本硏究 Vol.0 No.72

The article on the “Ukishima malu accident” in “Gyegan Samcheonri” coldly testifies the reason for the existence of a nation and how serious crimes the evil deeds are happening under the name of the political compromise in the history and how big the wounds overlooked in the process are. In this context, the meaning of this article is significant. Firstly, it speaks out its thoughts about the pity of the accident being forgotten and urges the substantial approach to and making a big issue of the accident. It expresses the frustration of the documentary journalist who has to give up in front of the giant power connected with the authority in the process and, at the same time, asks the role of the nation. Secondly, a Japanese PD of a public broadcasting company calmly accuses us of our negligence and collective oblivion. Thirdly, it asks the existence of a nation from a fundamental perspective. In the article, a nation is accused of its irresponsibility for not questioning a cause or a responsibility even if hundreds of people were brought to a battlefield only to be ended up in the ocean like trash. Fourthly, this article excavated the buried history and printed it out to see it any time. The historical fact cannot be deleted artificially but it is like it doesn`t exist it is left out in the indifference. History, moreover, doesn`t die or extinct and there is no expiration. It also emphasizes that the history of evil must by followed by the history of conviction to punish it. Taking this article as an opportunity, I hope that the history of their crimes, that is our history humiliation could be entirely dug up and bear fruit as a big white paper in the end. In that aspect, I wish that this article will not a termination but a new start.

국내산 녹용을 이용한 발효녹용의 장점과 산업적 응용에 대한 고찰

김용안(Yong-An Kim),김동훈(Donghoon Kim),김영훈(Younghoon Kim),오상남(Sangnam Oh),이명호(Myung-Ho Lee),염동휘(Dong-hwi Yeom),전보영(Bo-Young Jeon),정선희(Sun-Hee Cheong),정이형(Yi-Hyung Chung),황인호(Inho Hwang) 한국축산식품학회 2022 축산식품과학과 산업 Vol.11 No.1