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Yoko Shoji,Hideki Nakashima 대한약학회 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.9
We observed the suppressive effect of a powder formulation of African black tea extract prepared from the leaves of Camellia sinensis on type 2 non-insulin dependent diabetic mice, KKA y/TaJcl. Black tea extract significantly showed suppressive effect of the elevation of blood glucose on oral glucose tolerance test of 8 week-old KK-Ay/TaJcl mice (P<0.05). Long-term treatment with black tea extract showed significant suppression of post-prandial blood glucose and obesity (P<0.05). The weight of the intestine of mice treated with black tea extract was significantly reduced (P<0.05). From these results, African black tea used in this study showed a suppressive effect on the elevation of blood glucose during food intake and the body weight.
Yoko Hayashi (사) 이준국제법연구원 2013 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.6 No.2
Upon Japan's ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women in 1985, certain law reforms for gender equality were realized. However, international human rights law has impacted limitedly on the Japanese judiciary. The Women's Convention has been invoked by parties in a number of cases, but so far has never been positively quoted by the courts. On the other hand, the jurisprudence of individual complaints under the Optional Protocol of the Women's Convention (CEDAW-OP)has developed significantly. This paper introduces the case law of the individual complaint procedure of the Women's Convention, and identifies its significance in comparison with Japanese jurisprudence. As the jurisprudence of individual complaints under the Women'sCEDAW Convention is still in the law-making stage, the author encourages the Japanese government to ratify the Optional Protocol so that it can participate in the process of developing this jurisprudence.
EFL Teachers’ L1 Backgrounds, Beliefs, and the Characteristics of Their Corrective Feedback
Yoko Asari 아시아테플 2019 The Journal of Asia TEFL Vol.16 No.1
Considering the importance of teachers’ performance in class as a variable which affects the efficacy of corrective feedback (CF), it has not necessarily received the attention it deserves in second language acquisition (SLA) research: While there are a number of studies that focus on the efficacy of CF strategies from learners’ standpoint, research that focuses on the provider of CF, i.e., the foreign language (FL) teacher, has not yet been done as extensively. The present study was conducted to examine how native speaker (NS) and non-native speaker (NNS) teachers differ in their provision of CF and to investigate whether the two types of teachers’ provision of CF is congruent with their perceptions and beliefs. The results show that the ability to match their beliefs with their actual CF provision seems to be affected by their L1 background. NS teachers tend not to provide abundant phonological CF due to their insensitivity to some phonological errors in learners’ utterances. NNS teachers tend not to have the ability to provide CF in general due to their lack of language proficiency. Finding ways to overcome teachers’ current weaknesses may be a prerequisite to enhancing the quality of education in Japan.
Salience-Enhanced Recasts and Their Effects on Learners` Production of Uptake and Modified Output
( Yoko Asari ) 범태평양응용언어학회 2017 범태평양응용언어학회지 Vol.21 No.1
Recasts, a type of implicit feedback, is widely used by EFL teachers for improving learners` communicative competence. Research suggests that teachers may use salience enhancement techniques in order to highlight the positive/negative evidence in recasts. This study was conducted to identify types of recasts and examine the relationship between recast features and learners` uptake and modified output. The data consist of 569 recast episodes retrieved from 15 NS teachers. The results revealed that recasts vary considerably in effectiveness according to factors such as the way in which they are provided. More specifically, short, segmented, and interrupting recasts were better predictors of modified output as they were more likely to help learners to notice the gap between the target form and its interlanguage form. The present study suggests that teachers equipped with such highlighting techniques would be able to promote learners` L2 development more effectively.
Yoko Inoue,Sakura Sato,Tetsuharu Manabe,Eishi Makita,Masako Chiyotanda,Kyohei Takahashi,Hitoshi Yamamoto,Noriyuki Yanagida,Motohiro Ebisawa 대한천식알레르기학회 2018 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.10 No.5
Purpose: Few studies have compared fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurement by NIOX VERO® (NOV) and other devices in children. Moreover, there is no agreement between differences in FeNO values obtained using different devices in adults. Here, we compared FeNO values obtained using NOV and NObreath® (NOB) systems to derive a correction equation for children. Methods: Eighty-eight participants (age 7–15 years) who were diagnosed with atopic bronchial asthma and visited Sagamihara National Hospital as outpatients between January and April of 2017 were included. We measured FeNO values obtained using NOB and NOV, and analyzed them using Wilcoxon tests and Altman-Bland plots. Results: The median age of the participants was 11.5 years, and the scored Asthma Control Test (ACT) or Childhood ACT (C-ACT) was 25 (interquartile range, 24–25) or 26 (24–27). NOB and NOV values were significantly different (31 [14–52] versus 36 [20–59] ppb; P = 0.020) and strongly correlated (r = 0.92). An equation to convert NOB values into NOV values was derived using linear regression as follows: log NOV = 0.7329 × log NOB + 0.4704; NOB for 20, 40, 58, 80 and 100 ppb corresponded to NOV for 27, 44, 59, 73 and 86 ppb. Thus, NOB < 58 ppb suggested NOB < NOV, whereas NOB > 58 ppb suggested NOB > NOV. Conclusions: NOB and NOV values were strongly correlated. Participants whose FeNO values were relatively low represented NOB < NOV, whereas those whose FeNO values were relatively high represented NOB > NOV.