Effect of Momordica Charantia L. on the Growth and Bacteriocin Production of Lactobacillus Gasseri Lyc400

( Chao Wei Huang ),( Ko Chiao Yen ),( Chao Feng Yu ),( Ying Chen Lu ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

Many Gram-positive bacteria, particularly lactic acid bacteria, are known to secrete proteins that have antimicrobial activity. These proteins, known as bacteriocins, have been shown to display inhibitory activity against many pathogens. Use lactic acid bacteria fermented herb has many advantages, such as increase the extraction rate of herb, produce new active compounds, reduce waste etc. In this study, 270 strains of lactic acid bacteria were screened for bacteriocin producing ability, and Lactobacillus gasseri LYC400 was found to have highest bacteriocin activity. Lactobacillus gasseri LYC400 was used to ferment MRS broth with various concentration, 0, 2, 4, 6%, respectively, wild bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata Ser.) powder. The fermentation broths were centrifuged and the supernatants were collected follow by protein extraction to analyze bacteriocin activity. The results showed wild bitter melon powder was able to support good growth of the lactic acid bacterium. The bacterial number, lactic acid concentration and the E. coli inhibition ability of protein extractions were positive correlated with bitter melon powder concentration. However, the Staphylococcus aureus inhibition ability of protein extractions were increased with 2, 4% bitter melon powder but decreased at 6% bitter melon powder. Fermentation wild bitter melon via Lactobacillus gasseri LYC400 increases its antibacterial activity with putative anti-diabetic activities may have great potential for health food.

Energy Efficient with Network Coding Multipath Routing Algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks

Chao Gui,Hua Chen,Baolin Sun,Ying Song 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.7 No.6

Network coding is a new paradigm in data transport and promises to change many aspects of wireless sensor network (WSN). Thanks to the recently developed network coding techniques, a high-throughput low-complexity hierarchical protocol can be facilitated due to the multiple-source relay-based data transmissions built on the network coding schemes, especially for the data communications between the source node and destination node. In this paper, we propose an Energy efficient that carefully couples Network coding and Multipath routing algorithm in Wireless Sensor Networks (ENM-WSN). Through an analytical study, we provide guidance on how to choose parameters in our scheme and demonstrate that the scheme is efficient in both multipath and energy consumption. We also present an algorithm for deciding the network coding scheme for a node to further reduce energy consumption by minimizing redundant packet transmissions. Simulation results show that, with the proposed energy efficient with network coding in WSN multipath routing protocol (ENM-WSN), energy consumption, packet delivery ratio, and network lifetime can be improved in most of cases. It is an available approach to multipath routing decision.

SARS Impact On Public policies in Taiwan

Chao-Ying Yang 서울행정학회 2005 서울행정학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

포지셔닝 분석을 통한 국내 커피전문기업의 중국 베이징 지역 내 경쟁력 강화방안 연구

곽영초(Ying-Chao Guo),김현정(Hyun-Jung Kim) 한국조리학회 2016 한국조리학회지 Vol.22 No.5

Impact of wilting and additives on fermentation quality and carbohydrate composition of mulberry silage

Zhang, Ying Chao,Wang, Xue Kai,Li, Dong Xia,Lin, Yan Li,Yang, Fu Yu,Ni, Kui Kui Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2020 Animal Bioscience Vol.33 No.2

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of wilting and additives on the fermentation quality, structural and non-structural carbohydrate composition of mulberry silages. Methods: The selected lactic acid bacteria strains Lactobacillus plantarum 'LC279063' (L1), commercial inoculant Gaofuji (GF), and Trichoderma viride cellulase (CE) were used as additives for silage preparation. Silage treatments were designed as control (CK), L1, GF, or CE under three wilting rates, that is wilting for 0, 2, or 4 hours (h). After ensiling for 30 days, the silages were analyzed for the chemical and fermentation characteristics. Results: The results showed that wilting had superior effects on increasing the non-structural carbohydrate concentration and degrading the structural carbohydrate. After ensiling for 30 days, L1 generally had a higher fermentation quality than other treatments, indicated by the lower pH value, acetic acid, propionic acid and ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) content, and the higher lactic acid, water soluble carbohydrate, glucose, galactose, sucrose, and cellobiose concentration (p<0.05) at any wilting rate. Wilting could increase the ratio of lactic acid/acetic acid and decrease the content of NH₃-N. Conclusion: The results confirmed that wilting degraded the structural carbohydrate and increased the non-structural carbohydrate; and L1 exhibited better properties in improving fermentation quality and maintaining a high non-structural carbohydrates composition compared with the other treatments.

Interleukin-18 Synergism with Interleukin-2 in Cytotoxicity and NKG2D Expression of Human Natural Killer Cells

Qi, Yuan-Ying,Lu, Chao,Ju, Ying,Wang, Zi-E,Li, Yuan-Tang,Shen, Ya-Juan,Lu, Zhi-Ming Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.18

Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in anti-tumor immunity. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an immunoregulatory cytokine that induces potent NK cell-dependent anti-tumor responses when administrated with other cytokines. In this study, we explored the effects of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytotoxicity as well as expression levels of the NK cell receptor NKG2D in vitro. Freshly isolated PBMCs were incubated for 48 h with IL-18 and IL-2, then CD107a expression on $CD3^-CD56^+$ NK cells was determined by three-colour flow cytometry to evaluate the cytotoxicity of NK cells against human erythroleukemia K562 cells and human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. Flow cytometric analysis was also employed to determine NKG2D expression on NK cells. The combined use of IL-18 and IL-2 significantly increased CD107a expression on NK cells compared with using IL-18 or IL-2 alone, suggesting that the combination of these two cytokines exerted synergistic enhancement of NK cytotoxicity. IL-18 also enhanced NKG2D expression on NK cells when administered with IL-2. In addition, blockade of NKG2D signaling with NKG2D-blocking antibody attenuated the up-regulatory effect of combining IL-18 and IL-2 on NK cytolysis. Our data revealed that IL-18 synergized with IL-2 to dramatically enhance the cytolytic activity of human NK cells in a NKG2D-dependent manner. The results appear encouraging for the use of combined IL-18 and IL-2 in tumor immunotherapy.

Association of Urinary Cesium with Breast Cancer Risk

Qin, Ya-Chao,Tang, Lu-Ying,Su, Yi,Chen, Li-Juan,Su, Feng-Xi,Lin, Ying,Zhang, Ai-Hua,Ren, Ze-Fang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.22

Background: The aim of this study is to examine the association of urinary cesium with breast cancer risk. Materials and Methods: We collected survey data and urine specimens from 240 women with incident invasive breast cancer before their treatment and 246 age-matched female controls between October 2009 and July 2010. Urinary concentrations of cesium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Interviews were conducted by face-to-face to obtain information on potential breast cancer risk factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the associations. Results: Creatinine-adjusted levels [median ($25^{th}$, $75^{th}$) ug/g] of cesium in cases and controls were 17.6 (13.1, 24.0) and 19.3 (15.3, 25.7), respectively. After adjustment for potential risk factors, women in the second and highest tertile of cesium showed a decreased risk of breast cancer in a dose-dependent manner as compared with those in the lowest tertile [ORs and 95% CIs: 0.75 (0.46-1.22) and 0.50 (0.30-0.82), respectively]. This decrease was more evident in women with ER positive or localized clinical stage in an exploratory stratification analysis. Conclusions: These findings suggest that cesium may have anticancer efficacy and urinary cesium has potential as a biomarker for breast cancer risk assessment.

Influence of the Rashba SOI and LO Phonon Effects on the Interaction Energy of the Fr¨ohlich Bipolaron in a Quantum Dot

Ying Zhang,Chao Han,Eerdunchaolu,Sudu 한국물리학회 2016 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.69 No.8

The influence of the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and longitudinal optical (LO) phonon effect on the ground-state properties of the Fr¨ohlich bipolaron in a quantum dot are studied using the Tokuda-modified linear-combination operator method based on the Lee-Low-Pines unitary transformation. The results indicate that, under the condition of strong electron-phonon coupling (coupling strength > 6), Eint < 0, the electron-phonon coupling body in quantum dot is mainly the bipolaron which is in a stably bound state. The bipolaron interaction energy Eint increases with increasing confinement strength of the quantum dot !0, electron-phonon coupling strength , and polaron velocity u and decreases with increasing Coulomb confinement potential and Rashba spinobit coupling strength R. In the bipolaron interaction energy Eint, the electron-phonon coupling energy Ee−ph plays the leading role, followed by the confinement potential energy of the quantum dot Ecoul and the Coulomb interaction energy between two electrons Ecouf . Though the additional energy ER−ph caused by the phonon effect accounts for a smaller percentage than the previous three, the electron-phonon coupling and the Rashba spin-obit coupling influence and infiltrate each other. Therefore, the influences of the bipolaron effect and the Rashba electron-spin interaction cannot be ignored when studying a quantum dot.

Hot Stamping Die Design for Vehicle Door Beams using Ultra-High Strength Steel

Chao Jiang,Zhongde Shan,Bailiang Zhuang,Milan Zhang,Ying Xu 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol. No.

The energy saving and safety is the eternal theme of development of automobile industry. Ultra-high strength steel automotive body structures of hot stamping have been widely used with these dual advantages that reducing vehicle weight while enhancing safety performance at the same time. The forming and quenching integration die was investigated in this paper with a vehicle door beam as an example, especially the whole die structure and hot stamping process were optimized through numerical simulation of die strength, cooling pipe arrangement and other related factors, and beam samples with tensile strength 1550Mpa, elongation rate 6.5% and shape accuracy of ±0.3mm were produced by this die. Moreover, the stiffness increased by 2.2 times than the original tube beam and 3.8 times of the intensity, which led to full score in C-NCAP Crash Test. By reducing the thickness cross section and the depth of drawing comparing with the original tubular beam,door beam weight could be reduced by 9.32%, which had effective energy-saving and emission-reduction effect.

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND OPTIMIZATION ANALYSIS ON BATTERY BOX WITH HONEYCOMB SANDWICH COMPOSITE STRUCTURE

Ying Zhao,Jinyu Shi,Kaifeng Wang,Binlin Wang,Chao He,Xiaogang Deng 한국자동차공학회 2023 International journal of automotive technology Vol.24 No.1

A honeycomb sandwich battery box composed of high-strength steel outer layer, sandwich aluminum alloy honeycomb and inner layer is proposed. Firstly, the expressions of platform stress, ultimate strain and equivalent elastic modulus of ‘Y’ honeycomb cell are derived based on deformation mechanism and energy principle under quasi-static compression, and then the relations among relative density, unit volume energy absorption and thickness coefficient are acquired. Based on above, the optimal thickness coefficient of honeycomb unit cell can be acquired by utilizing particle swarm optimization algorithm. Simultaneously, aluminum alloy honeycomb sample is made to verify the accuracy of finite element simulation and theoretical models under quasi-static compression. Subsequently, the optimal thicknesses of three layers are optimized with the constraint that the 1st mode frequency is more than 30 Hz. Finally, the mass of the optimized battery box decreases by 37.26 %, and its static performances increase more largely compared with traditional one.