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Astragalus polysaccharide: a review of its immunomodulatory effect
Chun-xiao Li,Ying Liu,Yu-zhen Zhang,Jing-chun Li,Jiang Lai 대한약학회 2022 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.45 No.6
The Astragalus polysaccharide is an importantbioactive component derived from the dry root of Astragalusmembranaceus . This review aims to provide a comprehensiveoverview of the research progress on the immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide and providevaluable reference information. We review the immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide on central andperipheral immune organs, including bone marrow, thymus,lymph nodes, spleen, and mucosal tissues. Furthermore, theimmunomodulatory eff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide on avariety of immune cells is summarized. Studies have shownthat Astragalus polysaccharide can promote the activities ofmacrophages, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, T lymphocytes,B lymphocytes and microglia and induce the expressionof a variety of cytokines and chemokines. The immunomodulatoryeff ect of Astragalus polysaccharide makesit promising for the treatment of many diseases, includingcancer, infection, type 1 diabetes, asthma, and autoimmunedisease. Among them, the anticancer effect is the mostprominent. In short, Astragalus polysaccharide is a valuableimmunomodulatory medicine, but further high-qualitystudies are warranted to corroborate its clinical effi cacy.
Rapid Microfluidic Mixing-chip System for Sorbic Acid Detection in Foods
( Chun-ying Chen ),( Lung-ming Fu ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1
An integrated microfluidic experimental platform is presented for sorbic acid (C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) concentration detection purposes. The integrated microfluidic platform comprises a mixer and heater zone for species mixing / reaction and a micro-spectrometer system detection zone for C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>concentration detection. The microfluidic reaction chip is patterned on low-cost PMMA substrates using a commercial CO<sub>2</sub>lasersystem and is packaged using a hot-press bonding technique. In the proposed platform, the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub> sample and Iron(III) reagent are mixed under the effects of a high-pressure gas driving force. A colorimetric reaction (oxidation reaction) of the mixed species is then induced by means of an integrated micro heating / cooling system. The microfluidic reaction chip is then transferred to a micro-spectrometer system for detection purposes. Absorbance was measured at 529 nm using a micro-spectrometer wherein a line regression is obtained to determine the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>concentration. The experimental results show that correlation coefficients of R<sup>2</sup>=0.9910 is obtained with known concentrations ranging from 10~100 ppm. The real-world applicability of the proposed experimental platform is demonstrated by measuring the C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration in two commercial food samples. It is shown that the concentration measurements obtained using the proposed system deviate by no more than 5% from those obtained using standard macroscale methods.
Curcumin Alleviates Dystrophic Muscle Pathology in mdx Mice
Ying Pan,Chen Chen,Yue Shen,Chun-Hua Zhu,Gang Wang,Xiao-Chun Wang,Hua-Qun Chen,Min-Sheng Zhu 한국분자세포생물학회 2008 Molecules and cells Vol.25 No.4
Abnormal activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) probably plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD). In this report, we evaluated the efficacy of curcumin, a potent NF-κB inhibitor, in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD. We found that it improved sarcolemmic integrity and enhanced muscle strength after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection. Histological analysis revealed that the structural defects of myofibrils were reduced, and biochemical analysis showed that creatine kinase (CK) activity was decreased. We also found that levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the mdx mice were decreased by curcumin administration. EMSA analysis showed that NF-κB activity was also inhibited. We thus conclude that curcumin is effective in the therapy of muscular dystrophy in mdx mice, and that the mechanism may involve inhibition of NF-κB activity. Since curcumin is a nontoxic compound derived from plants, we propose that it may be useful for DMD therapy.
The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan
Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6
A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.
Ying-Jie Chen,Jia-Ying Wu,Yu-Yi Deng,Ying Wu,Xiao-Qi Wang,Amy Sze-man Li,Lut Yi Wong,Xiuqiong Fu,Zhi-Ling Yu,Chun Liang 고려인삼학회 2022 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.46 No.3
Sorafenib is effective in treating hepatoma, but most patients develop resistance to it. STAT3signaling has been implicated in sorafenib resistance. Artesunate (ART) and 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)have anti-hepatoma effects and can inhibit STAT3 signaling in cancer cells. This study aimed to evaluatethe effects of Rg3 in combination with ART (Rg3-plus-ART) in overcoming sorafenib resistance, and toexamine the involvement of STAT3 signaling in these effects. Methods: Sorafenib-resistant HepG2 cells (HepG2-SR) were used to evaluate the in vitro anti-hepatomaeffects of Rg3-plus-ART. A HepG2-SR hepatoma-bearing BALB/c-nu/nu mouse model was used to assessthe in vivo anti-hepatoma effects of Rg3-plus-ART. CCK-8 assays and Annexin V-FITC/PI double stainingwere used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Immunoblotting was employed toexamine protein levels. ROS generation was examined by measuring DCF-DA fluorescence. Results: Rg3-plus-ART synergistically reduced viability of, and evoked apoptosis in HepG2-SR cells, andsuppressed HepG2-SR tumor growth in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that Rg3-plus-ART inhibitedactivation/phosphorylation of Src and STAT3 in HepG2-SR cultures and tumors. The combination alsodecreased the STAT3 nuclear level and induced ROS production in HepG2-SR cultures. Furthermore, overactivation of STAT3 or removal of ROS diminished the anti-proliferative effects of Rg3-plus-ART, andremoval of ROS diminished Rg3-plus-ART's inhibitory effects on STAT3 activation in HepG2-SR cells. Conclusions: Rg3-plus-ART overcomes sorafenib resistance in experimental models, and inhibition of Src/STAT3 signaling and modulation of ROS/STAT3 signaling contribute to the underlying mechanisms. Thisstudy provides a pharmacological basis for developing Rg3-plus-ART into a novel modality for treatingsorafenib-resistant hepatoma.
Physicochemical Properties of Low-Phytate Rice Cultivar, Sang-gol
Chun-Ying Li,He Li,Jae-Keun Choi,Hee-Woong Kim,홍순관,Zhihao Xu,이해익 한국응용생명화학회 2012 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.55 No.1
Phytic acid in grains affects the bioavailability of minerals and nutrients in monogastric animals. Physicochemical properties of Sang-gol, a low-phytate rice cultivar developed to decrease anti-nutrient effect of phytic acid, were compared with those of its parent rice cultivar Il-pum. The amylose content of Sang-gol was lower, but its crude protein content was not significantly different compare with Il-pum. Texture profiles of cooked rice, except for hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness, did not show any differences. The hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of the Sang-gol were lower than that of Il-pum. Pasting characteristics, peak viscosity, trough, and final viscosity of Sanggol were higher, and breakdown was lower, as compared to Ilpum. Setback of Il-pum was significantly (p <0.01) lower than Ilpum. The pasting temperatures of Sang-gol and Il-pum were very similar (68.1 and 68.0oC), respectively.
Chun-Ying Liu,Rui-Xin Zhou,Chang-Kai Sun,Ying-Hua Jin,Hong-Shan Yu,Tian-Yang Zhang,Long-Quan Xu,Feng-Xie Jin 고려인삼학회 2015 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.39 No.3
Background: Minor ginsenosides, those having low content in ginseng, have higher pharmacological activities. To obtain minor ginsenosides, the biotransformation of American ginseng protopanaxadiol (PPD)-ginsenoside was studied using special ginsenosidase type-I from Aspergillus niger g.848. Methods: DEAE (diethylaminoethyl)-cellulose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used in enzyme purification, thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used in enzyme hydrolysis and kinetics; crude enzyme was used in minor ginsenoside preparation from PPD-ginsenoside; the products were separated with silica-gel-column, and recognized by HPLC and NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance). Results: The enzyme molecular weight was 75 kDa; the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed the C-20 position 20- O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb1, then the C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc with the pathway Rb1/Rd/F2/C-K. However, the enzyme firstly hydrolyzed C-3 position 3-O-b-D-Glc of ginsenoside Rb2 and Rc, finally hydrolyzed 20-O-L-Ara with the pathway Rb2/C-O/C-Y/C-K, and Rc/C-Mc1/C-Mc/C-K. According to enzyme kinetics, Km and Vmax of MichaeliseMenten equation, the enzyme reaction velocities on ginsenosides were Rb1 > Rb2 > Rc > Rd. However, the pure enzyme yield was only 3.1%, so crude enzyme was used for minor ginsenoside preparation. When the crude enzyme was reacted in 3% American ginseng PPD-ginsenoside (containing Rb1, Rb2, Rc, and Rd) at 45C and pH 5.0 for 18 h, the main products were minor ginsenosides C-Mc, C-Y, F2, and C-K; average molar yields were 43.7% for CMc from Rc, 42.4% for C-Y from Rb2, and 69.5% for F2 and C-K from Rb1 and Rd. Conclusion: Four monomer minor ginsenosides were successfully produced (at low-cost) from the PPDginsenosides using crude enzyme.