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Controllable Monodisperse Multiple Emulsions
Chu, Liang-Yin,Utada, Andrew S.,Shah, Rhutesh K.,Kim, Jin-Woong,Weitz, David A. WILEY-VCH Verlag 2007 Angewandte Chemie. international edition Vol.46 No.47
<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>A drop within a drop within a drop: A microfluidic technique is used to generate highly controlled multiple emulsions (see picture). The high degree of control and scalability afforded by this method makes it a flexible and promising route for engineering designer emulsions and microcapsules with multiphase structures. Moreover, its generality will enable fabrication of novel materials containing complex internal structures. <img src='wiley_img/14337851-2007-46-47-ANIE200701358-content.gif' alt='wiley_img/14337851-2007-46-47-ANIE200701358-content'> </P>
Sui-Chu Yin,En-Chih Liao,Chih-Liang Chiu,Ching-Yun Chang,Jaw-Ji Tsai 대한천식알레르기학회 2015 Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research Vol.7 No.4
Purpose: House-dust-mite (HDM) major allergen Der p2 shares homology and function with Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling protein myeloid differentiation- 2 (MD2) and may lead to airway inflammation. Should Der p2 be internalized by human airway epithelium, it has the theoretical propensity to potentiate epithelium activation. This study aimed to demonstrate the internalization of Der p2 by airway epithelium and to investigate the effects of Der p2 on MD2 expression and epithelium activation. Methods: Internalization of recombinant, enhanced green fluorescent protein-labelled Der p2 (rDer p2-EGFP) into human airway epithelium (BEAS-2B) was tracked by laser confocal microscopy and confirmed by immunoblotting. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine the effect of Der p2 on MD2 expression in vitro and ex vivo. Expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) encoding receptors/cytokines was measured by RT-PCR. Secretion of interleukin-6/interleukin-8 (IL-6/IL-8) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Internalization of Der p2 by BEAS-2B was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoblotting using rDer p2-EGFP and rDer p2, respectively. Expression of MD2 protein was increased in BEAS-2B and human nasal polyp airway epithelium cultured with rDer p2. Recombinant Der p2-cultured BEAS-2B caused little spontaneous IL-6/IL-8 secretion but significantly augmented by TLR ligand LPS. IL-6 secretion was up-regulated after MD2 transfection. Internalization of Der p2 was reduced by TLR2 RNA knockdown. Dexamethasone, calcitriol, anti-MD2/anti-TLR2 antibodies, and signalling inhibitors significantly reduced LPS+Der p2-induced IL-6/IL-8 secretion. Conclusions: Human airway epithelium may internalize Der p2, which potentiates the response to environmental proinflammatory stimuli through MD2 and TLRs. This study highlights a novel mechanism and alleviates IL-6/IL-8 secretion in mite-induced airway inflammation
( Li Chu Yin ),( Jian Xin Luo ),( Lan Fang Luo ),( Gui Xian Xie ) 한국잡초학회 2012 Weed Biology and Management Vol.12 No.1
Veronica persica Poir. (Persian speedwell) is an invasive alien weed species in the upland soils throughout China. Its dominance in weed flora could be alleviated by Chorispora tenella (Pall.) (tender chorispora) in P-poor soils and in an intense light environment. Here, three experiments in growth chambers were carried out in order to explore the effect of P and light intensity on the growth and competition of V. persica and C. tenella, the pH value in their rhizospheres, and the kinetic parameters (Km and Vmax) of the H2PO4 - uptake by the two weed species. The ANOVA results showed that the light intensity and P level in the soil obviously influenced the growth of the two weed species. However, the effect of the P level in the soil was greater for V. persica and the effect of the light intensity was greater for C. tenella. The restriction of the growth of V. persica by a low P level in the soil was much more than that of C. tenella, but it was reversed in the two species in relation to a low light intensity. In addition, the pH was lower in the rhizosphere of C. tenella after the P-deficient treatment and there was a lower Km in the uptake of H2PO4 - than for V. persica, suggesting that C. tenella could adapt to a low-P environment more easily. In conclusion, C. tenella growing together with V. persica had a competitive advantage under high-light-intensity and low-P-level conditions, but it lost its advantage with an increase in P fertilization and a decrease in light intensity.
Szu‑Yin Chu 서울대학교 교육연구소 2018 Asia Pacific Education Review Vol.19 No.1
The purpose of this study was to investigate the perspectives of Taiwanese families regarding promoting foundations of self-determination for young children with disabilities. Twenty-one families of children with disabilities between 3 and 6 years of age in Taiwan were recruited for this study. Interviews were used to capture their perspectives. Data were coded, and four major themes emerged. First, all parents expressed positive regard for and used a variety of strategies to promote the foundations of self-determination at home. Second, parents mentioned the different challenges they faced while providing supports for their child’s foundation skills, including child’s disabilities, health condition, parents’ schedules, and family supports. The challenges varied depending on child’s characteristics, family values, and cultural environment. Third, these families had expectations that their child could be self-regulated, engage in choice-making, and be engaged in activities, but the specific expectations were adjusted by characteristics of child, family, or communities. Fourth, families emphasized the importance of positive partnership and parents’ roles to promote. Implications for research and practice are discussed in this study.
( Ho Yin Henry Lee ),( Wai Yin Angus Chu ),( Chi Chuen Clarence Mak ) 대한간학회 2020 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2020 No.1
Aims: An alternative technique in endoscopic sphincteroplasty is using a large CRE wireguided balloon dilatation as an adjunct to endoscopic sphincterotomy in removing common bile duct (CBD) stone. However, there are few evidence demonstrating the outcomes and complication using CRE balloon dilatation sphincteroplasty during acute phase of cholangitis. This study aims to reveal the outcome of the technique from a single hospital experience. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Endoscopy Center of Yan Chai Hospital over a period of 2 years from January 2018 to December 2019. A total of 45 cases was identified where patients, presented with acute cholangitis, had endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation with CRE wireguided balloon during the index admission. Acute cholangitis was defined according to “Tokyo Classication - Cholangitis” (guidelines). Cases with concomitant malignancy and obstruction causes other than common bile duct stones were excluded. The stone clearance rates as defined with occlusive cholangiogram and post ERCP complications were analyzed. Results: There were 14 (31%) male and 31 (69%) females. Age of the study population ranged from 36-95 years. Stone clearance proven by occlusive cholangiogram in first session was achieved 29/45 (64%) cases. For complication, 6 (13%) cases developed mild papillary bleeding and 3/42 (7%) cases mild pancreatitis. No septic shock was documented. Conclusions: Endoscopic sphincteroplasty using CRE Wireguided balloon dilatation as an adjunct to endoscopic sphincterotomy is a safe and effective technique for CBD stone removal during acute cholangitis. This procedure can potentially avoid further attempt of ERCP for residual CBD stones.
Yin, Dongfeng,Chu, Cang,Ding, Xueying,Gao, Jing,Zou, Hao,Gao, Shen The Polymer Society of Korea 2009 Macromolecular Research Vol.17 No.1
In order to enhance the gene delivery efficiency and decrease the cytotoxicity of polyplexes, we synthesized Solutol-g-PEI by conjugating polyethyleneimine (PEI) to Solutol (polyoxyethylene (10) stearate), and evaluated its efficiency as a possible nonviral gene carrier candidate. Structural analysis of synthesized polymer was performed by using $^1H$-NMR. Gel retardation assay, particle sizes and zeta potential measurement confirmed that the new gene carrier formed a compact complex with plasmid DNA. The complexes were smaller than 150 nm, which implicated its potential for intracellular delivery. It showed lower cytotoxicity in three different cell lines (Hela, MCF-7, and HepG2) than PEI 25 kDa. pGL3-lus was used as a reporter gene, and the transfection efficiency was in vitro measured in Hela cells. Solutol-g-PEI showed much higher transfection efficiency than unmodified PEI 25 kDa.