Quechua Language Revitalization Policies and Planning in Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador

Tuba Yilmaz(Tuba Yilmaz ) 전남대학교 교육문제연구소 2023 New Horizons of Educational Research Vol.3 No.1

The Quechua language, spoken by indigenous Quechuans, faced endangerment due to the widespread use of Spanish. This paper explored the language revitalization policies for Quechua language in South American countries, particularly Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador. The paper began by presenting a concise overview of Quechua and the Quechuan community, elucidating the factors contributing to Quechua's endangered status and the prevalence of Spanish monolingualism. Subsequently, it delved into an exploration of language revitalization policies and challenges within each country, framed by corpus planning, status planning, acquisition planning, and prestige planning. The paper concluded with a discussion on the outcomes of Quechua revitalization efforts. This paper offered valuable insights for countries adopting a 'language as a resource approach,' and particularly those endeavoring to implement additive policies for their extinct, endangered, or threatened languages.

Radical Oncological Surgery and Adjuvan Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients over 70 years of Age

Demirci, Nilgun Yilmaz,Ulger, Sukran,Yilmaz, Ulku,Aydogdu, Koray,Yilmaz, Aydin,Erdogan, Yurdanur Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.11

Background: The incidence of lung cancer increases with age. Approximately 50% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients are over 70 years old. Because of the increasing elderly population, treatment approaches in this age group continue to be studied similar to groups of young people. Materials and Methods: In the current study, 26 patients who underwent radical surgery and adjuvan chemoradiation at Ataturk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Of 21 patients (81%) were male and the average age was 74.4. Lobectomy was performed in 18 cases, pneumonectomy in 3, sleeve lobectomy in 3 and bilobectomy in 2. There was no perioperative or early period mortality. Overall survival was 24.5 months. Conclusions: From our study, lung cancer surgery and adjuvant therapy can be performed safely with low morbidity in the elderly.

Towards a better understanding of detection properties of different types of plastic scintillator crystals using physical detector and MCNPX code

Yilmaz Ayberk,Alan Hatice Yilmaz,Susam Lidya Amon,Akkus Baki,ALMisned Ghada,Ilhan Taha Batuhan,Tekin H.O. 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.12

The purpose of this comprehensive research is to observe the impact of scintillator crystal type on entire detection process. For this aim, MCNPX (version 2.6.0) is used for designing of a physical plastic scintillation detector available in our laboratory. The modelled detector structure is validated using previous studies in the literature. Next, different types of plastic scintillation crystals were assessed in the same geometry. Several fundamental detector properties are determined for six different plastic scintillation crystals. Additionally, the deposited energy quantities were computed using the MCNPX code. Although six scintillation crystals have comparable compositions, the findings clearly indicate that the crystal composed of PVT 80% þ PPO 20% has superior counting and detecting characteristics when compared to the other crystals investigated. Moreover, it is observed that the highest deposited energy amount, which is a result of the highest collision number in the crystal volume, corresponds to a PVT 80% þ PPO 20% crystal. Despite the fact that plastic detector crystals have similar chemical structures, this study found that performing advanced Monte Carlo simulations on the detection discrepancies within the structures can aid in the development of the most effective spectroscopy procedures by ensuring maximum efficiency prior to and during use.

T?RK?YE'DE E??T?M ALANINDA TOPLAM KAL?TE Y?NET?M? UYGULAMALARINA GENEL B?R BAKI?

?zcan YILMAZ 한국외국어대학교(글로벌캠퍼스) 중동연구소 2006 중동연구 Vol.24 No.2

<Abstract> General View to the Total Quality Management Applications of the Turkish Educational System Özcan YILMAZ Ankara University, urkey Total quality management is, the strong leadership, and the constructive organization, and with a team effort, as a result, the least faulty product can be produced, with the highest customer satisfaction. In the first volume of this study, we tried to explain the evolution of the management from the classic way, to the Total Quality Management with changes to the human’s social life, and the effects of the industrialization. In the second volume, The Total Quality Management is described, and we explained that why do we need and what are principles of the Total Quality Management, are explained. In the third and the last volume, we talked about the difficulties of the application of the Total Quality Management systems onto the Turkish educational programs, and systems, and we tried to introduce some possible solutions to those problems. We have emphasized that, people who are benefited from those educational institutions which implemented the principles of the total quality management programs, become the leaders of their countries, and they help to advance their nations, into the more developed group of countries. Key Word: Total quality management, Customer satisfaction, Strong leadership, Educational programs, Evolution of the management

Investigation of properties of boehmitic sol coated graphite added alumina-low cement castables

Suat Yilmaz,Ersan Yilmaz 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2010 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.11 No.1

In this study, benefiting from the low wettability of graphite, various amounts were added to low cement alumina castables to investigate the resistance of refractories to slag corrosion. For this purpose, typically flake graphite was coated with alumina by a sol-gel method and then added to a mixture of the refractory in various amounts. After the physicomechanical investigation, steel ladle slag with a basicity ratio of 2.29 was charged into the crucibles which were prepared according to DIN 51069 standard. After the heat treatment, samples were cut vertically for investigation. For macroscopic analysis, images taken from the slag-refractory surfaces were digitized and subjected to image analyses to investigate the penetration of the slag. Microscopic analyses were carried out with SEM-EDS to determine the elemental dispersion at the refractory-slag interaction zone. Experimental results indicate that the alumina coated graphite addition give improved slag corrosion resistance of alumina castables.

The Investigation of Treatment of Pistachio Processing Industrial Wastewater by Electrochemical Methods in Terms of Chemical Oxygen Demand and Total Phenol Removal

Alper Erdem Yilmaz,Baybars Ali Fil,Murat Tolga Yilmaz,Serkan Bayar,Zuhal Koksal The Korean Electrochemical Society 2024 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.15 No.1

This work aims to investigate the efficiency of electrocoagulation (EC) of pistachio processing industrial wastewater (PPIW) using the continuous EC process. The tubular reactor made of stainless steel with an internal diameter of 60 mm was used as a cathode electrode. The effect of some parameters was examined on the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total phenols (TP) removal efficiency. The influences of the initial pH of wastewater (from 4 to 8), flow rate (from 25 to 125 mL/min), current density (from 7 to 21 mA/cm²), and supporting electrolyte type (NaCl, NaNO₃, and Na₂SO₄), supporting electrolyte concentration (from 10 to 100 mg/L NaCl) on removal efficiency were investigated to determine the best experimental conditions. The examination of the physico-chemical parameters during the EC treatment showed that the best removal efficiency was obtained under conditions where the flow rate was 25 mL/min (20 min reaction time), the pH value was 5.2, and the current density was 21 mA/cm² has set. Under these experimental conditions, COD and TP removal efficiency were found to be 75% and 97%, respectively, while energy consumption was 18.5 kW h/m³. The study results show that the EC can be applied to PPIW pre-treatment.

ON S-CLOSED SUBMODULES

Yilmaz Durugun,Salahattin Ozdemir 대한수학회 2017 대한수학회지 Vol.54 No.4

A submodule $N$ of a module $M$ is called $\mathcal{S}$-closed (in $M$) if $M/N$ is nonsingular. It is well-known that the class $\closed$ of short exact sequences determined by closed submodules is a proper class in the sense of Buchsbaum. However, the class $\mathcal{S}-\closed$ of short exact sequences determined by $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules need not be a proper class. In the first part of the paper, we describe the smallest proper class $\langle\mathcal{S}-\closed\rangle$ containing $\mathcal{S}-\closed$ in terms of $\mathcal{S}$-closed submodules. We show that this class coincides with the proper classes projectively generated by Goldie torsion modules and coprojectively generated by nonsingular modules. Moreover, for a right nonsingular ring $R$, it coincides with the proper class generated by neat submodules if and only if $R$ is a right SI-ring. In abelian groups, the elements of this class are exactly torsion-splitting. In the second part, coprojective modules of this class which we call \emph{ec-flat} modules are also investigated. We prove that injective modules are ec-flat if and only if each injective hull of a Goldie torsion module is projective if and only if every Goldie torsion module embeds in a projective module. For a left Noetherian right nonsingular ring $R$ of which the identity element is a sum of orthogonal primitive idempotents, we prove that the class $\langle\mathcal{S}-\closed\rangle $ coincides with the class of pure-exact sequences of modules if and only if $R$ is a two-sided hereditary, two-sided $CS$-ring and every singular right module is a direct sum of finitely presented modules.

Effect of the PC, diatomite and zeolite on the performance of concrete composites

Yilmaz Kocak,Muhsin Savas 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2016 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.17 No.6

This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of the surface properties of Portland cement, diatomite and zeolite on the performance of concrete composites. In this context, to describe the materials used in this study and determine the properties of them, chemical, physical, mineralogical, molecular, thermal, and zeta potential analysis have been applied. In the study, reference (Portland cement), 10%–20% diatomite, 10%–20% zeolite, 5+5%–10+10% diatomite and zeolite were substituted for Portland cement, a total of 7 different cements were obtained. Ultrasonic pulse velocity, capillary water absorption and compressive strength tests were performed on the hardened concrete specimens. Hardened concrete tests have been done on seven different types of concrete, for 28, 56 and 90 days. As a result of experiments it has been identified that both the zeolite and diatomite substitution has a positive effect on the performance of concrete.

ALMOST HERMITIAN SUBMERSIONS WHOSE TOTAL MANIFOLDS ADMIT A RICCI SOLITON

( Yilmaz Gündüzalp ) 호남수학회 2020 호남수학학술지 Vol.42 No.4

The object of the present paper is to study the almost Hermitian submersion from an almost Hermitian manifold admits a Ricci soliton. Where, we investigate any fibre of such a submersion is a Ricci soliton or Einstein. We also get necessary conditions for which the base manifold of an almost Hermitian submersion is a Ricci soliton or Einstein. Moreover, we obtain the harmonicity of an almost Hermitian submersion from a Ricci soliton to an almost Hermitian manifold.

Three-Dimensional Channel Characteristics for Molecular Communications With an Absorbing Receiver

Yilmaz, H. Birkan,Heren, Akif Cem,Tugcu, Tuna,Chan-Byoung Chae IEEE 2014 IEEE Communications Letters Vol.18 No.6

<P>Within the domain of molecular communications, researchers mimic the techniques in nature to come up with alternative communication methods for collaborating nanomachines. This letter investigates the channel transfer function for molecular communications via diffusion. In nature, information-carrying molecules are generally absorbed by the target node via receptors. Using the concentration function, without considering the absorption process, as the channel transfer function implicitly assumes that the receiver node does not affect the system. In this letter, we propose a solid analytical formulation and analyze the signal metrics (attenuation and propagation delay) for molecular communication via diffusion channel with an absorbing receiver in a 3-D environment. The proposed model and the formulation match well with the simulations without any normalization.</P>