Feasible Management of Southern Corn Leaf Blight via Induction of Systemic Resistance by Bacillus cereus C1L in Combination with Reduced Use of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides

Yi-Ru Lai,Pei-Yu Lin,CHAO-YING CHEN,Chien-Jui Huang 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5

Dithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb and mancozebare widely used nonsystemic protectant fungicidesto control various plant fungal diseases. Dithiocarbamatefungicides should be frequently applied toachieve optimal efficacy of disease control and avoideither decline in effectiveness or wash-off from leafsurface. Dithiocarbamates are of low resistance riskbut have the potential to cause human neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a strategyto effectively control plant disease with reduceduse of dithiocarbamtes. Southern corn leaf blight wasthe model pathosystem for the investigation. Whencorn plants were drench-treated with Bacillus cereusC1L, a rhizobacterium able to induce systemic resistancein corn plants against southern leaf blight, frequencyof spraying dithiocarbamate fungicides couldbe decreased. The treatment of B. cereus C1L was ableto protect maize from southern leaf blight while residuesof dithiocarbamates on leaf surface were too lowto provide sufficient protection. On the other hand,frequent sprays of mancozeb slightly but significantlyreduced growth of corn plants under natural conditions. In contrast, application of B. cereus C1L cansignificantly promote growth of corn plants whethersprayed with mancozeb or not. Our results provide theinformation that plant disease can be well controlledby rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistancein combination with reduced but appropriate applicationof dithiocarbamate fungicides just before a heavyinfection period. An appropriate use of rhizobacteriacan enhance plant growth and help plants overcomenegative effects caused by dithiocarbamates.

The Investigation of Knowledge, Attitudes, Precautions and Related Factors of HIV/AIDS for Nurses in the non-AIDS- appointed Hospital in Southern Taiwan

Yi-Ru Jang,Chi Wen Rei 한국간호과학회 2011 한국간호과학회 학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Analysis of RCS of Low Observable Aircraft in VHF Band

Jeong, Yi-Ru,Park, Chan-Sun,Ko, Young-Kwan,Yook, Jong-Gwan Hindawi Limited 2018 International journal of antennas and propagation Vol.2018 No.-

<P>Electromagnetic signatures of a low observable aircraft have been studied in VHF band. First of all, a three-dimensional model of the aircraft has been established for numerical computation. Then, monostatic and bistatic radar cross sections (RCS) have been calculated. The model of the aircraft is made by a curved surface, and commercial as well as in-house three-dimensional electromagnetic code which is based on the method of moments (MoM) is utilized to calculate the RCS. A characteristic basis function method (CBFM) and a multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA) have been applied to analyze electrically large objects. The change of the monostatic RCS is very large depending on the direction of the incident wave. The maximum value is about 42 dBsm at the top and bottom of the aircraft, and the minimum value is about −10 dBsm at the front and back of the aircraft. It is found that the bistatic RCS also changes dramatically depending on the direction of the incident wave. The direction of maximum RCS occurs around specular reflection, and the value of maximum RCS ranges from 27 dBsm to 43 dBsm. On the other hand, the direction of the minimum RCS occurs irregularly, and the value is in the level of −30 dBsm.</P>

Application of a CMP to an EFIE-TDS surface integral equation

Jeong, Yi-Ru,Hong, Ic-Pyo,Yook, Jong-Gwan Institution of Electrical Engineers 2018 IET microwaves, antennas & propagation Vol.12 No.13

Fast scattering analysis over a wide frequency band using Clenshaw–Lord-type Pade–Chebyshev approximation

Jeong, Yi-Ru,Hong, Ic-Pyo,Chun, Heoung-Jae,Park, Yong Bae,Jae Kim, Yoon,Yook, Jong-Gwan IET 2016 IET microwaves, antennas & propagation Vol.10 No.3

<P>Pade-Chebyshev approximation of Clenshaw-Lord type with method of moments is proposed for wide-band analysis of an arbitrary-shaped perfect electric conductor structure. Moreover, various Chebyshev polynomials, such as first, third, and fourth kinds, are used to express the singular points in the graph to display the expected result for scattering characteristics. The proposed algorithm has a wide radius of convergence due to the use of Chebyshev polynomials and improves calculation speed because Clenshaw-Lord-type Pade approximation requires fewer sampling points than Maehly-type Pade approximation in the derivation of the rational function. The results of the proposed method agree very well with the exact solution and reveal its possibility of obtaining more accurate solution than the asymptotic waveform evaluation technique.</P>

원통형 무한 배열 구조와 원통형 유한 배열 구조의 전파 특성 비교

정이루(Yi-Ru Jeong),홍익표(Ic-Pyo Hong),이경원(Kyung-Won Lee),국찬호(Chan-Ho Kok),김대환(Dae-Whan Kim),육종관(Jong-Gwan Yook) 한국전자파학회 2015 한국전자파학회논문지 Vol.26 No.2

곡면 위상 배열 안테나나 곡면 주파수 선택 구조 등의 전파 특성을 해석하기 위해서는 원통형 배열 구조의 효율적인 해석방법에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 원통형 배열 구조가 실제 적용되는 구조는 유한 배열 구조지만, 대부분 전자기 해석은 무한 배열 구조라 가정하므로 실제 구조의 특성과 근사화한 구조의 특성 간의 오차가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 원통형 무한배열 구조와 유한 배열 구조의 전파 특성의 비교와 분석이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 원통형 무한 배열 구조를 해석하기 위해 원통형 Floquet harmonics 해석 방법을 적용하였으며, 원통형 유한 배열 구조를 해석하기 위해서는 너비가 좁은 스트립(strip)이 배열된 배열 구조를 가정하여 thin wire approximation을 적용한 method of moments(MoM)를 이용하였다. 본 논문에서는 원통형 유한 배열 구조와 무한 배열 구조의 전파 특성을 비교하기 위하여 투과 특성과 전류 분포를 계산하였다. In order to apply cylindrical periodic array to phased array antenna or frequency selective surface, efficient electromagnetic analysis is required. Finite periodic array is applied in real situation. But, generally, assumed that periodic structure is arranged infinitely, approximate electromagnetic characteristics can be obtained efficiently. But, difference of characteristics between real structure and approximate structure occurs because finite periodic array is approximated to infinite periodic array. Therefore, comparison and analysis of cylindrical infinite array and finite array are required. In this paper, cylindrical infinite periodic array are analyzed using cylindrical Floquet harmonics. Also, cylindrical finite periodic array is analyzed using method of moments (MoM) with thin wire approximation because periodic structures which are composed of strip with narrow width are analyzed. Transmission characteristics and surface currents of infinite and finite periodic structures are compared.

Mucilaginibacter limnophilus sp. nov., isolated from a lake

Shih-Yi Sheu,Yi-Ru Xie,Wen-Ming Chen 한국미생물학회 2019 The journal of microbiology Vol.57 No.11

A polyphasic taxonomy approach was used to characterize strain YBJ-36T, isolated from a freshwater lake in Taiwan. Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and coding sequences of an up-to-date bacterial core gene set (92 protein clusters), indicated that strain YBJ-36T formed a phylogenetic lineage in the genus Mucilaginibacter. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicated that strain YBJ-36T is closely related to species within the genus Mucilaginibacter (93.8–97.8% sequence similarity) and is most similar to Mucilaginibacter fluminis TTM-2T (97.8%), followed by Mucilaginibacter roseus TTM-1T (97.2%). Microbiological analyses demonstrated that strain YBJ-36T is Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, surrounded by a thick capsule, and forms pink-colored colonies. Strain YBJ-36T grew between 20–40°C (optimal range, 35–37°C), pH 5.5–7.0 (optimal pH of 6) and 0–2% NaCl (optimal concentration, 0.5%). The predominant fatty acids of strain YBJ-36T are iso-C15:0 and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), the major polar lipid is phosphatidylethanolamine, the major polyamine is homospermidine, and the major isoprenoid quinone is MK-7. The draft genome is approximately 4.63 Mb in size with a G+C content of 42.8 mol%. Strain YBJ-36T exhibited less than 35% DNA-DNA relatedness with Mucilaginibacter fluminis TTM-2T and Mucilaginibacter roseus TTM-1T. Based on phenotypic and genotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain YBJ-36T should be classified in a novel species of the genus Mucilaginibacter, for which the name Mucilaginibacter limnophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YBJ-36T (= BCRC 81056T = KCTC 52811T = LMG 30058T).

Feasible Management of Southern Corn Leaf Blight via Induction of Systemic Resistance by Bacillus cereus C1L in Combination with Reduced Use of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides

Lai, Yi-Ru,Lin, Pei-Yu,Chen, Chao-Ying,Huang, Chien-Jui The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5

Dithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb and mancozeb are widely used nonsystemic protectant fungicides to control various plant fungal diseases. Dithiocarbamate fungicides should be frequently applied to achieve optimal efficacy of disease control and avoid either decline in effectiveness or wash-off from leaf surface. Dithiocarbamates are of low resistance risk but have the potential to cause human neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy to effectively control plant disease with reduced use of dithiocarbamtes. Southern corn leaf blight was the model pathosystem for the investigation. When corn plants were drench-treated with Bacillus cereus C1L, a rhizobacterium able to induce systemic resistance in corn plants against southern leaf blight, frequency of spraying dithiocarbamate fungicides could be decreased. The treatment of B. cereus C1L was able to protect maize from southern leaf blight while residues of dithiocarbamates on leaf surface were too low to provide sufficient protection. On the other hand, frequent sprays of mancozeb slightly but significantly reduced growth of corn plants under natural conditions. In contrast, application of B. cereus C1L can significantly promote growth of corn plants whether sprayed with mancozeb or not. Our results provide the information that plant disease can be well controlled by rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance in combination with reduced but appropriate application of dithiocarbamate fungicides just before a heavy infection period. An appropriate use of rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and help plants overcome negative effects caused by dithiocarbamates.

The research of ecological planting construction epidermis design based on the concept of BBL

Liu Ru yi,Wang Shu fen 국제온돌학회 2012 International Journal of Ondol Vol.2012 No.-

The core of vertical space greening of urban architecture which is an effective approach to build the green healthy living environment and to increase urban green space, is the ecological planting epidermis design. By means of learning the experience of international ecological planting design of construction epidermis, the paper reviews principles of ecological planting design of construction epidermis and the relationship between this and planting design, which bases on the concept of BBL, the bioclimatic buffering layer. Furthermore, it aims to find new creative ideas of the combination of green plants and construction epidermis design, in order to provide references for Chinese construction epidermis design practice.

Reduce China Vaccine Problem with Data Mining and Visualization

Sun Ru Yi 한국정보기술학회 2016 Proceedings of KIIT Conference Vol.2016 No.6