Research on Painting Creation Based on the Eternal Mythological Spirit of Yi(?族)'s Folk Religion : Focused on The Series of Works of The Yi People(?家人)

Wei Yi 경기대학교 대학원 2021 국내박사

The source of artistic creation, as the motivation for the birth of art, is also the ultimate issue of art theory. The motivation of contemporary artistic creation which should be put into an interactive context is not single. Human ancestors’ knowledge of the world was based on mythological thinking. The "collective consciousness" of ethnic group thinking has been affecting mankind ever since. The understanding of the occurrence of art can not be explained solely by the individual's feelings and aesthetics. The analysis on the superficial characteristics of culture can only be regarded as a phenomenon, not as its "driving force". Therefore, the occurrence of art should be traced back to the "universal spirit" understanding of the world at the beginning of the birth of mankind. The mythological spirit has an interconnected relationship with the occurrence of art. Taking this as an entry point, the series of The Yi People works as an intuitive experience that presents the ancient mythological spirit of the Yi, and restores the "mythological experience" of the world lost by mankind after entering the modern era. This is the significance and value of this research. This study takes the emergence and development of the myths of Yi(彝族)'s Folk Religion which is in southwest China, as a perspective to explore the changes of regional ethnic myths in the world context. Then this dissertation studies why "mythical thinking" has declined in modern civilization, and how to complete the reflection on the modern "scientific world" and return to "mythical thinking" to interpret the relationship between man and the world. In terms of research methods, it adopts a multi-dimensional view of the people of the same ethnic group, combined with the original cultural relics that the Yi people have hardly preserved, and connects and continues the history of the Yi with the contemporary Yi people. Borrowing "mythical thinking" to explore the integrity of the Yi people across time and space. The essence of the The Yi People series presented in the form of "materialization" restores "the history of the world" to the "world of history". The depiction of people and the world in the works is a condensed manifestation of the "world of history" in the human sense. The analysis of the content, form and material of the The Yi People series shows the Yi people's understanding and restoration of the world order. Although it can not form a profound theoretical depth by putting "mythical thinking" into the artist's "practical experience", it can indeed open a window for the direction of painting. This is a way to use the sensibility of the researcher to reveal the hidden experience in a real and perceptible eternal space. Keywords : Yi(彝族), Folk Religion, Eternal Myths, Painting Creation 예술창작의 원천 문제는 예술이 탄생한 동인으로 되는 동시에 예술 이론의 최종적인 문제이다. 현재 예술 발생의 동인도 단일한 것이 아니라 서로의 언어환경 속에 있는 것이다. 초기 인류의 세계에 대한 인식은 신화적 사유의 기초 위에서 성립되고 그 족속의 사유를 답습하는 “집체 의식”의 영향이 지금까지 미쳐왔다. 예술의 발생에 대한 이해는 개인적인 감수와 심미에만 의거하여 해석해서는 안 된다. 문화층의 특징 분석은 현상으로만 될 뿐 그 “원동력”으로는 될 수 없다. 그러므로 예술의 발생은 인류가 탄생한 초기에 세계에 대한 인식을 계승한 “보편적 정신”으로 거슬러 올라가야 한다. 신화 정신은 예술의 발생과 서로 통하는 관계에 있다. 이 것을 기준점으로 하여 “이족 사람”시리즈 작품은 이족의 상고시대의 신화 정신을 나타내는 직관적인 체험으로 되며 현대에 들어 선 후 인류가 잃어버린 세계에 대한 “신화 체험”을 복원시켰다. 이것이 바로 이 글의 테마 선정의 의의와 가치이다. 본 연구는 중국 서남의 이족 원생 종교 신화의 산생 및 발전을 시각으로 하여 세계 언어 환경에서의 지역 민족의 변천을 연구하였다. “신화적 사유”가 어떻게 현대 문명에서 몰락하고, 어떤 경로로 현대의 “과학의 세계”에 대한 반성을 완성하고, 새롭게 “신화적 사유”로 복귀하여 인간과 세계의 관계를 해석하겠는가. 연구 방법에 있어서 같은 족 사람에 대한 다차원적 시점의 논술을 취하여 이족이 힘겹게 보존해 온 원생 문화의 유물과 결부시켜 이족의 역사를 지금의 이족 사람들과 연결시켜 계속한다. “신화적 사유”를 차용하여 시공을 초월한 이족의 완전성을 연구한다. “사물 변화”형식으로 체현된 “이족 사람”시리즈 작품은 인간의 본질을 엿보게 하고 “세계의 역사”를 “역사의 세계”로 환원시켜 작품 속의 사람과 세계를 묘사한 것으로서 인간의 의미에서의 “역사의 세계”를 집약적으로 보여 주었다. “이족 사람”시리즈 작품의 내용과 형식, 자료 분석을 통해 이족 사람들의 세계의 질서에 대한 이해와 환원을 체현하였다. “신화적 사유”를 예술인의 “실천 경험”속에서 볼 때 무거운 이론적 종심을 형성할 수 없지만, 회화로 창문을 열 수 있다. 연구자의 감성을 활용하여 진실감이 있는 영원한 공간 속에서 숨겨진 경험을 게시한다. 키워드 : 이족, 원생 종교, 영원한 신화, 회화 창작

Scope and specificity in child language: A cross-linguistic study on English and Chinese

Su, Yi-ching University of Maryland College Park 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigated the way in which English-speaking and Chinese-speaking children interpret ‘<italic>a</italic>’ and ‘<italic> yi-ge</italic>’ respectively in sentences containing the universal quantifier or negation. Three series of experiments were conducted, using a truth value judgement task. The first experiment examined how children interpreted unambiguous double object sentences like “Snow White gave a lady every flower” and ambiguous <italic>to</italic>-dative sentences like “The teacher gave every ball to a girl” in English and Chinese. The results showed that English-speaking children assigned a non-adult universal wide scope reading to the double object sentences, and their pattern of preference for <italic> to</italic>-dative sentences was the opposite from adults. Chinese-speaking children showed the same pattern of interpretations as adults for both sentence types. The second experiment tested the hypothesis that English-speaking children's non-adult interpretation resulted from their interpreting the double object sentences via the corresponding <italic>to</italic>-dative sentences. Sentences like “The witch threw the Pooh his chair” and “The smurf brought his brother Tigger” were used for testing, in which “his” can co-refer with the other object NP in the former but not in the latter. If children interpreted the double object sentences via the corresponding <italic> to</italic>-dative sentences, the possibility of co-reference for the pronoun would be different. The results showed that since English-speaking children had adult-like interpretations for the sentences tested, the hypothesis was not supported. The third experiment tested the hypothesis that at an early stage of development, English-speaking children interpret ‘<italic>a</italic>’ as meaning free choice “any”, whereas Chinese-speaking children consider ‘<italic>yi-ge</italic>’ to mean “exactly one”. Sentences with negation like “Mickey Mouse didn't ride a dog” were presented both in a context in which Mickey Mouse didn't ride one of the dogs, and in a context in which he didn't ride any of the dogs. The results showed that Chinese-speaking children predominantly accepted the former reading, but English-speaking children preferred the latter reading. The results of the three experiments suggest that English-speaking and Chinese-speaking children start off with a limited but different interpretations for ‘<italic>a</italic>’ and ‘<italic>yi-ge</italic>’, and this results in the differences in scope assignment.

A Unified Syntactic Account of Mandarin Subject Nominals

Liu, Yi-Hsien University of Southern California 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation investigates the Mandarin Chinese nominals [Numeral-Classifier-( de)-Noun] and their functions as preverbal and post-verbal subjects and topics. It starts with a close analysis of the internal structure of the Chinese nominals. I propose a set of syntactic structures that capture the behaviors and distinctions between the canonical [Num(eral)-Cl(assifier)-N(oun)] and the non-canonical [Num(eral)-Cl(assifier)-de-N(oun)] expressions. Upon close examinations of the extensive data, Chapter 2 concludes that the canonical [Num-Cl-N] has a right-branching structure (Tang 1990, 2005; Li 1998, 1999), while the non-canonical [Num-Cl-de-N] has two left-branching structures, which correspond to the amount reading and the attributive reading respectively. I also explore two issues related to the Chinese nominal structures, the classifier modification case [Num-A(djective)-Cl-N] and the null yi 'one' case [(yi)-Cl-N]. For the former issue, I suggest that the combination of the adjective and the CL/M is decided by the semantic compatibility among the gradable adjective, the CL/M, and the head noun. As for the latter, I propose that Mandarin [Cl-N] and [ yi-Cl-N] have the same structure, and yi 'one' is subject to PF deletion in destressed contexts (Li 1998). From the internal nominal structures, I go on to explore the Chinese nominals in preverbal positions, that is, the canonical subject positions and topic positions. Specifically, I seek to permute the DP-internal account (Li 1998, 1999) with a more refined predicational distinction that incorporates the primacy of location (McNally 1992) in the thetic/categorical distinction (Kuroda 1992, 2005). I suggest that only location-dependent Stage-level predicates (LD SLP) express thetic judgment. Individual-level predicates (ILP), which are location-independent (unless coerced), must be categorical. Location-independent Stage-level predicates (LI SLP) are also categorical; however, when [Num-Cl-N], particularly [yi 'one'-Cl-N], is acceptable, it is a type of quantificational sentence (Kuroda 1995, Shyu 2012). What this proposal translates into subject definiteness/specificity is that ILP must have definite or generic subjects, LI SLP may have specific subjects, and the LD SLP can have non-specific subjects. I continue the discussion of Chinese subjects by looking at the post-verbal subjects in the Existential Construction (EC) you 'have'-sentences, particularly the EC with secondary predicates, called the Existential Coda Construction (ECC). I argue against the adjunct and the NP/DP analyses in the literature, and proposed a V-complement analysis which is functionally a topic-comment structure. The proposed structure is able to account for the essential properties of the ECC as well as the lack of the Coda restriction in Mandarin, that is, Mandarin ECC allows ILP. In addition, Chapter 4 examines the Definiteness Effect (DE). Echoing many others, I suggest that the DE is an epiphenomenon of the discourse function of the EC---to introduce new information. Finally, I claim that the Specific Effect (Huang 1987; Tsai 1994, 1999) does not hold in Chinese, and suggest that the compatibility between the post-verbal NP (be it a bare noun or a [Num-Cl-N]) and the Coda (be it SLP or ILP) decides the acceptability of the ECC.

The Phenomenon of neutralization as a phonological process with special reference to Korean

이영길 전남대학교 대학원 1982 국내박사

언어음돌(speech sounds)은 환경에 따라서 여러가지 변화를 겪게 된다. 동화(assimilation), 음절구조(syllable structure), 음의 강화 및 약화현상(strengthening or weakening) 등이 이러한 변화를 겪는 대표적인 음운과정들 (phonological process)이다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 음운과정 중의 하나인 중화 (neutralization), 특히 한국어의 중화현상을 다섯가지에 관해서 문제점 및 그에 대한 제안들을 살펴보고, 적절한 대안을 찾아보려고 하였다. 제2장에서는, A라는 한 언어형태가 이미 존재하고 있는 B라는 형태와 합병하여, A또는 B 어느 하나로 나타내거나, 또는 A 와 B 두형태가 새로운 제3의 형태인 C로 합병하는, 현상을 중화의 일반 개념으로 보았다. 제3장 에서는, 중화를 대립의 면에서 관찰한 트루베츠코이에서부터, 음소를 분절음들의 집단으로 본 불룸필드‘음성표시를 청자와 화자의 지각표시로 보고 절대중화(absolute neutralization)를 인정한 촘스키와 할레의 생성 음운론, 절대중화의 비생산성, 불안전성 등을 이유로. 소위 교체조건(Alternation Condition) 을 제시한 키파스키, 음운표시를 표면형태에 직결시키려는 자연생성 음운론에 이르기까지 중화에 대한 음운론적 고찰을 역사적으로 요약하였다. 제4장에서는 한국어에 있어서 구체적 중화현상을 모음과 자음으로 나누어, 모음에서는 움라우트(Umlaut)와 yi→〔i〕 절대중화를 살펴보았고, 자음에서는 어말 또는 음절말에서의 중화와 불규칙동사에 관계되는 절대중화를 살펴보았다. 끝으로 경음화현상(Fortition)을 가능적인면에서 고찰하였다. 움라우트는 단순화 규칙으로써 유추의 힘이 작용할 뿐만 아니라 중화와는 관계없이 순수한 동화현상으로 보는 것이 합당하며, 원거리 동화에 의한 움라우트가 중화현상과 관계있음을 보았다. yi→〔i〕와 같은 절대 중화는 한국어에서는 허용할수 없을뿐만 아니라, 외래 차용어의 경우 절대중화가 존재 할수 있음을 증명하였다. 음절말 자음의 중화는 기저음(underlying segment)이 기식화 되지 않은 이완음으로써, 모음간에서 유성음화하는 것은 순수한 동화임을 보였다. 불규칙 동사의 경우, s→sh와 같은 절대중화는 문법을 복잡하게 할뿐, 모국어 화자의 언어능력(competence)에 합당치 않다고 보았다. 마지막으로, 국어의 경음화 현상은 이완음을 긴장음으로 중화시키는 규칙으로써, 이때에 무표항(unmarked)이 유표항으로 바뀐다는 사실을 설명 하였다. 제5장에서는, 이제까지의 중화현상에 대한 내용을 종합하였고, 이에 부수 되는 몇가지 문제점을 제기하였다. In this paper, some aspects of neutralization phenomenon in Korean were investigated. Efforts have been made to compare and analyze the alternative theories as to the problems pertaining to each argument. The basic principle of neutralization postulated in this paper is that a rule A → B / C_D is neutralizing if the string is found in the class of inputs to this rule. CBD may exist as a part of an underlying form or may be created by a rule which must apply prior to the application of the rule in question. In Chapter II, the general notion of neutralization was introduced. By the neutralization either a form A is merged with an already existing form B, or two forms A and B merge into a third form C. In Chapter III, it was shown that this notion has been applied to each phonological school from a chronological point of view; as for the vowels, i-umlaut and yi→[i] absolute neutralization were each discussed, and as for the consonants, stop-neutralization in final position and irregular verbs were treated. In Chapter V, Fortition in Korean was discussed in close relation to functional considerations in in neutralization. Language change is triggered by a variety of factors, and it is far from clear that these factors operate in harmony. Neutralization, which follows from the nature of opposition, is one of the most important issues in phonology, and also neutralization rules are attested in practically every language and the phenomenon of neutralization as a phonological process brings the distinction between marked and unmarked into focus. To conclude, it seems that the problem of neutralization should most profitably be taken into account by further research in phonology as well as the question of the interrelation between neutralization and markedness, and of the interrelation between neutralization and assimilation.

Lower and middle paleolithic of Northeast Asia : a geoarcheological review

Yi UMI 1990 해외박사

Syntactic and Semantic Similarties in Turkic and Korean

Yi Univ. of Washington 1982 국내박사

Semantic Keyword Search on Large-Scale Semi-Structured Data

Shan, Yi Arizona State University 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Keyword search provides a simple and user-friendly mechanism for information search, and has become increasingly popular for accessing structured or semi-structured data. However, there are two open issues of keyword search on semi/structured data which are not well addressed by existing work yet. First, while an increasing amount of investigation has been done in this important area, most existing work concentrates on efficiency instead of search quality and may fail to deliver high quality results from semantic perspectives. Majority of the existing work generates minimal sub-graph results that are oblivious to the entity and relationship semantics embedded in the data and in the user query. There are also studies that define results to be subtrees or subgraphs that contain all query keywords but are not necessarily ''minimal''. However, such result construction method suffers from the same problem of semantic mis-alignment between data and user query. In this work the semantics of how to define results that can capture users' search intention and then the generation of search intention aware results is studied. Second, most existing research is incapable of handling large-scale structured data. However, as data volume has seen rapid growth in recent years, the problem of how to efficiently process keyword queries on large-scale structured data becomes important. MapReduce is widely acknowledged as an effective programming model to process big data. For keyword query processing on data graph, first graph algorithms which can efficiently return query results that are consistent with users' search intention are proposed. Then these algorithms are migrated to MapReduce to support big data. For keyword query processing on schema graph, it first transforms a keyword query into multiple SQL queries, then all generated SQL queries are run on the structured data. Therefore it is crucial to find the optimal way to execute a SQL query using MapReduce, which can minimize the processing time. In this work, a system called SOSQL is developed which generates the optimal query execution plan using MapReduce for a SQL query $Q$ with time complexity $O(n. 2)$, where $n$ is the number of input tablesof $Q$.

Isolation and Functional Analyses of the Pathogenicity Related Gene in Xanthomonas and the Disease Resistance Related Gene in Rice

Moon, Seok Jun University of seoul 2010 해외박사

Studies on the Nucleic Acid based Qualitative and Quantitative Methods of Analysis for Biotech Plants : 생명공학 식물의 핵산기반 정성 및 정량 분석방법에 관한 연구

Lee, Seong Hun University of seoul 2010 국내박사

ABSTRACT Biotech plants have continuously increased every year in the world. Although there is no commercial cultivation area for biotech plants in Korea, our country has absolutely depended on imports with the exception of rice for most of the crops such as maize, soybean, cotton and canola. Some consumers have worried about the potential risk, that is, the biotech plants may affect human health and ecological environment. Many countries have made their own labeling systems for biotech products. Korea also has its own GMO (genetically modified organism) labeling system. The purpose of GMO labeling system is to inform consumers of the presence of the biotech products in the plants or derived-products and therefore to help the consumers to choose their preferred products. As a management tool, it is necessary to develop analytical methods to control GMO labeling system or LMO (living modified organism) management. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most efficient nucleic acid based analytical method to identify and quantitate biotech plants. There are four types of analytical approaches; screening, gene-specific, construct-specific and event-specific analysis. Screening and gene-specific methods are applicable to detect many events of biotech plants using common elements; promoter, terminator and a specific trait gene. These methods may be used to detect unapproved biotech plants or unknown biotech plants. The construct-specific method detects the junction region of two gene constructs as an intermediate between gene-specific and event-specific methods. In case of gene-specific and/or construct-specific methods, sometimes it is difficult to distinguish different events because some biotech plant events share the same genetic elements or vector DNA. The event-specific method has the highest specificity for one event by the junction region between the inserted DNA and the host genome. In this study, the screening, gene-specific, construct-specific and event-specific analytical methods have been developed for eight events of biotech maize, four events of biotech cotton, four events of biotech canola and one event of biotech soybean. The screening method has been developed using common promoter and terminator of biotech plants for rapid detection in one reaction. The gene-specific method has been used for DNA chip. The construct-specific method has been derived from two other DNA constructs and the event-specific method has been derived from the junction region between the inserted DNA and the host genome. The following methods have been studied. First, duplex screening method by CaMV35S promoter (P35S) and NOS terminator (tNOS) for biotech maize eight events NK 603, TC 1507, MON 863, MIR 604, Event 3272, MON 88017, LY 038 and DAS-59122-7. Second, gene-specific qualitative method using DNA chip for four kinds of biotech plants by four endogenous genes zSSⅡb, fsACP, Hmg, Le1; and nine introduced genes P35S, tNOS, pat, bar, epsps1, epsps2, pmi, cry1Ac, cry3B. Third, construct-specific qualitative and quantitative methods for biotech maize three events NK 603, TC 1507, MON 863; biotech cotton four events MON 531, MON 1445, MON 15985, MON 88913; and biotech canola four events GT 73, MS 8, RF 3, MS 8/RF 3. Fourth, event-specific qualitative and quantitative methods for biotech maize five events MIR 604, Event 3272, MON 88017, LY 038, DAS-59122-7; and biotech soybean one event MON 89788. Fifth, multiplex qualitative PCR method for biotech maize five events MIR 604, Event 3272, MON 88017, LY 038, DAS-59122-7; and duplex real-time PCR method for LY 038 in one reaction simultaneously. The simplex qualitative analytical methods were confirmed the specificity by the single PCR product and the sensitivity was 0.01 % or 0.05 % as a relative limit of detection (LOD) and 0.005 ng or 0.025 ng as an absolute LOD, respectively. The multiplex qualitative analytical method was also confirmed the specificity and 0.5 % (0.25 ng) of relative (absolute) LOD for five biotech maize events. I also conftirmed the duplex screening PCR and DNA chip can be applicable for qualitative analysis. The simplex and duplex quantitative methods were also developed using real-time PCR. As reference molecules, six standard plasmids were constructed from taxon-specific DNA sequences of four plants and construct-specific or event-specific DNA sequences of biotech plant events. In-house validation for simplex and duplex quantitative methods has been performed using six levels of mixing samples, 0.1 to 10.0 %. As results, the biases from the true value and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were almost within the range of ±30 %. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) of the quantitative methods were 0.1 % or 0.5 % for simplex real-time PCRs for fifteen events of biotech plants and 0.5 % for duplex real-time PCR for LY 038. Consequently, I report that these screening, gene-specific, construct-specific and event-specific analytical methods can be applicable for qualitative and quantitative analysis for biotech maize, cotton, canola and soybean. Keywords: biotech plants; genetically modified organism (GMO); living modified organism (LMO); polymerase chain reaction (PCR); screening; gene-specific; construct-specific; event-specific; DNA chip; real-time PCR; simplex; duplex; multiplex; qualitative; quantitative; limit of detection (LOD); limit of quantitation (LOQ); reference molecule; standard plasmid

온라인게임과 새로운 매니아문화의 형성

양이문 부산대학교 대학원 2006 국내석사

The On-line Games and Formation of New Mania Culture Yang Yi-Moon Department of Sociology, Graduate School Pusan National University ABSTRACT On-line games take root into an important leasure culture of Korea. For generalization of negative recognition by media, however, the study about on-line game has analyzed unique ways like addiction, devotion. therefore, it cannot be explaining the situation of Korea and the context of culture. The ways of communication in on-line games are divided in three sorts like this. 1) Restrictive Communication, 2) Transient Communication, 3) Extended Communication . According to ways of communication, personal characteristics in games was changed. Furthermore, it changed individuality and community characters. On-line games have various sides. We restructure everyday-life through on-line games or undergo various experiences that are only gone through the situation of hyper-space. And this experiences are included identity of game user or are built up mania that has a professionalism. at the same time it is used to ways of communication that has connection one and the other. It plays an important role as an instrument of communication. Therefore, We need sociological investigations about on-line games and investigations that solve the problem about the context of culture.