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공공관리제도에 주인-대리인 이론을 적용한 시론(時論)적 연구
김성연(Seong-Yeun Kim) 한국주택학회 2011 주택연구 Vol.19 No.4
The purpose of this study is to propose the roles of Public Management System(PMS) through Principal-Agent Theory. For this purpose, literature review and questionnaire data collected from Seong-Su District residents were performed. Considering Principal-Agent Theory in Housing Redevelopment Program(HRP), Principal mean each residents having Housing Redevelopment Right(RHR) and Agent mean an Organization of residents having Housing Redevelopment Right(ORHR). In HRP, many problems occurred from relationship between RHR and ORHR, are caused by adverse selection and moral hazard because of information asymmetry. To solve these problems, this study suggests following role of PMS: (1) to remove information asymmetry, it is necessary to obtain RHR participation and interactive exchange information between RHR and ORHR, (2) to remove adverse selection of ORHR, the PMS must verify ORHR's manager and specialty, (3) to remove moral hazard of ORHR, it is necessary to make special system managing the whole course of HRP through PMS. This study is the first study to show that Principal-Agent Theory can explain PMS in HRP so carry an important meaning in the academy. 본 연구는 민간부문 주도의 주택재개발 방식에 공공부문의 참여가 필요하다는 이론적 논리 제공을 위해 ‘공공관리제도가 왜 필요한가?’에 대한 기초적인 문제인식에서 출발하였다. 이를 위해 경제학, 경영학, 정치학, 사회학 등 사회과학분야에 범학제적으로 활용되고 있는 주인-대리인 이론을 토대로 공공관리제도를 설명하였다. 따라서 주택재개발사업에 있어 조합원 집단(주인)과 조합(대리인) 간 정보 비대칭으로 인해 발생하는 역선택과 도덕적 해이를 최소화 할 수 있도록 공공관리제도의 바람직한 방향을 제시를 본 연구의 목적으로 설정하였다. 이에 언론보도 및 선행연구 검토를 통해 주인-대리인 이론에서 발생할 수 있는 정보 비대칭, 역선택 및 도덕적 해이가 발생하는 사례를 검토하였다. 이를 토대로 주택재개발사업에 있어 주인-대리인 이론적용을 통한 공공관리자의 역할을 살펴보면, 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조합원 집단과 조합 간 정보의 비대칭성의 해소를 위해서 조합원이 주택재개발사업 관련 정보의 실시간 구득 및 의견 상호 교환을 위한 클린업시스템을 공공관리제도 내에서 운영함을 제안하였다. 둘째, 조합의 역선택 방지를 위해서는 조합 운영진의 적합성과 전문성에 대한 검증을 공공관리자의 중요한 역할로 규정하였다. 셋째, 조합의 도덕적 해이 해소를 위해서 공공관리제도 의무적용을 관리처분 검증 또는 청산단계 사업 검증으로 확대하는 방안의 도입이 필요함을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 주인-대리인 이론을 토대로 공공관리제도에 대한 이론적 논의를 확보하였다는데 학문적 의의를 가진다. 다만, 공공관리제도의 방향 설정 및 공공관리자의 역할이 제한적으로 언급되었다는 사실은 본 연구의 한계점으로 지적되는 바, 후속 연구를 통한 보완을 기대해 본다.
Niwaella multifasciata Wakiya et Mori (Cobitidae)의 附屬骨格
成娟濟,楊洪準,南明模,蔡秉洙 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1988 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
The appendicular skeleton of Niwaella multifasciata was described as a part of systematic study of Cobitidae. In the pectoral girdle, posttemporal was sigmoid form, and upper and lower arms of cleithrum had an angle of 105°, the length of lower arm was one-third of upper one. The scapular had a foramen in the center, and actionst was consisted in three pairs of bone. Postcleithrum was absent. Pelvic girdle was consisted in a pair of innominatium and three pairs of basiost. In the pterygiophore, dorsal fin was supported by three interneural spine and thirteen basiost, and interneural spine was located between the neura니 spin of the 27-31th vertebrae. Anal fin was supported by five interhemal spine and nine basiost, interneural spine was located between the hemal spine of the 42-45th vertebras.
임플란트 hexagon 높이에 따른 임플란트와 주위 조직의 응력분포 평가
박성재,김주현,김소연,윤미정,고석민,허중보 대한치과보철학회 2012 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.50 No.1
PURPOSE. To analyze the stress distribution of the implant and its supporting structures through 3D finite elements analysis for implants with different hexagon heights and to make the assessment of the mechanical stability and the effect of the elements. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Infinite elements modeling with CAD data was designed. The modeling was done as follows; an external connection type ∅4.0 mm×11.5 mm OsstemUSII (Osstem Co., Pusan, Korea) implant system was used, the implant was planted in the mandibular first molar region with appropriate prosthetic restoration, the hexagon (implant fixture’s external connection) height of 0.0, 0.7, 1.2, and 1.5 mm were applied. ABAQUS 6.4 (ABAQUS, Inc., Providence, USA) was used to calculate the stress value. The force distribution via color distribution on each experimental group’s implant fixture and titanium screw was studied based on the equivalent stress (von Mises stress). The maximum stress level of each element (crown, implant screw, implant fixture, cortical bone and cancellous bone) was compared. RESULTS. The hexagonal height of the implant with external connection had an influence on the stress distribution of the fixture, screw and upper prosthesis and the surrounding supporting bone. As the hexagon height increased, the stress was well distributed and there was a decrease in the maximum stress value. If the height of the hexagon reached over 1.2 mm, there was no significant influence on the stress distribution. CONCLUSION. For implants with external connections, a hexagon is vital for stress distribution. As the height of the hexagon increased, the more effective stress distribution was observed. 연구 목적: 본 연구는 hexagon 높이에 따른 임플란트 각 부위와 주위 지지조직의 응력분포를 3차원 유한요소 해석을 통해 평가하여 hexagon 높이가 기계적 안정성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 시행되었다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 외측 연결 형태의∅L4.0 mm×11.5 mm USII (Osstem Co., Pusan, Korea) 임플란트 시스템을 이용하여 하악 제 1대구치 부위에 임플란트를 식립하여 보철 수복한 경우를 연구 모델로 가정하고 임플란트 고정체의 외측 연결부인 hexagon의 높이를 각각 0.0 mm, 0.7 mm, 1.2 mm, 1.5 mm로 적용한 CAD data를 유한요소 모형화하였다. ABAQUS 6.4 (ABAQUS Inc., Providence, RI, USA)를 이용하여 산출된 응력 값 중에서 등가응력을 기준으로 각 요소(상부 치관, 지대주 나사, 고정체, 치밀골, 해면골)에서 나타나는 최대 응력 값을 비교 하였다. 결과:외측 연결을 갖는 임플란트의 hexagon의 높이는 고정체, 지대주 나사, 상부 보철물 그리고 주위 지지골에 대해 응력 분산에 영향을 주었다. Hexagon의 높이가 증가할 수록 임플란트의 응력 분산은 더 잘 이루어졌으며, 최대 응력 값의 감소를 보였다. Hexagon의 높이가 1.2 mm 이상이 되면 응력 분포에 더 이상 크게 기여하지 않았다. 결론: 외측연결을 갖는 임플란트에서 hexagon은 응력 분산에 필수적인 요소이며 그 높이가 증가할수록 더욱 효과적인 응력의 분산이 나타났다.
無等山 標高에 따른 季節別 昆蟲相에 關한 硏究(Ⅰ) : -春季分布相-
丁聖淑,金美蓮,金奎眞,吳貞子 全南大學校 農漁村開發硏究所 1992 農業科學技術硏究 Vol.27 No.-
無等山 標高에 따른 季節別 昆蟲相을 調査하기 위해 1991-1992年 2個年에 걸쳐 調査한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 無等山의 봄에 分布하는 昆蟲種類는 總 10目 39科 120種이 調査되었다. 2. 標高別 調査에서는 100-500M에서 10目 37科 110種이, 500-900m에서는 9目 35科 101種이, 900-1200m에서는 5目 12科 18種이 調査되었다. 3. 표고에 따른 출현빈도가 높고 발생량이 많은 種은 100-500m 에서는 흰나비科의 줄흰나비(Artogeia napi), 배추흰나비 (Artogeia rapae), 배추흰나비 (Artogeia rapae), 네발나비科의 청띠신선나비 (kanisha canace), 애기세줄나비 (Neptis dsppho), 풍뎅이科의 검정풍뎅이 (Holotrichia kiotensis), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌(Apis melica), 뒤영벌科의 어리호박벌(Xylocopa appendiculata)로 밝혀졌고, 500-900m 사이에서는 네발나비科의 애기세줄나비(Neptis dssppho), 허리노린재科의 큰허리노린재(Molipteryz fulignosa), 집게벌레科의 노란다리민집게벌리(Euborellia pallopes), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌(Apis melifica)이었고 900-1200m에서는 부전나비科의 부전나비(Pelbejus angus), 꿀벌科의 꿀벌 Apis melifica), 길앞잡이科의 아이누길앞잡이(Cicindela gemmata)等이었다. 4. 무등산 정상인 1,000-1,200m 지대에서 봄에만 볼수있는 종으로서 호랑나비科의 이른봄애호랑나비(Luehdorfia puzilor), 흰나비과의 갈고리나비(Anthocharis scolymus) 2種이 관찰되었다. This study was carried out to investigate the insects fauna of Mt. Mudeung in spring season from 1991 to 1992. The results obtain summaries as follows. 1. The total of 120 species belongs to 39 families of 10 orders were investigated. 2. In different sea levels,10 orders 37 families 110 species at 100-500m. 9 orders 35 families 101 species at 500-900m and 5 orders 12 families 18 species at 900-1200m in sea level investigated respectively. 3. High grequency and population density of Insects by sea level were investigated : Artogeia rapae, Kanisha canace, Neotis dspho, Holotrichia kiotensis, Apis melifica and Xylocopa appendiculata in 100-500m. Plebejus angus, Apis melifica and Cicinedela gemmata in 900-1200m above sea level. 4. Both species of Luehdorfia puzilor and Anthocharis solymus were observed at 1000-1200m of Mt.Mudeung as species appeared only spring season.
진세노사이드 Rd와 사포닌 대사물인 compound K의 항지질과산화 효과
김경현,성금수,문연자,박시준,신미란,장재철 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1
To study on antioxidant effects in the liver of 40-week-old mouse, the sample were orally pretreated 5mg/kg/day for 5 days with red ginseng saponin components(total saponin, protopanaxadiol saponin, protopanaxatriol saponin, ginsenoside-Rd, ginsenoside-Re, compound-K) for 5 days. The ability of saponin to protect the mouse liver from oxidative damage was examined by determining the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx) and the contents of glutathione, the level of malondialdehyde. The only protopanaxadiol among the ginseng saponin fractions was significantly increased the hepatic SOD activity(p<0.01). The red ginseng saponin induced a slight increase of GPx activity, especially ginsenoside Rd, compound K and protopanaxatriol treatments significantly increased its activity. The content of glutathione was significantly increased by total saponin, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd(p<0.01), but the oxidized glutathione level was lowered in all the red ginseng saponin. Finally, the level of malondialdehyde was significantly decreased by ginsenoside Rd and protopanaxadiol. In conclusion, protopanaxadiol and ginsenoside Rd among the saponin fraction were especially increased in the activity of hepatic antioxidative enzyme and decreased the lipid peroxidation that was expressed in term of MDA formation. This comprehensive antioxidant effects of red ginseng saponin seems to be by a certain action of saponin other than a direct antioxidant action.
두경부 종양세포주에 대한 Mithramycin A의 세포자멸사 유도성 및Cisplatin 항암작용 증가효과
이강대,손성환,박종욱,김영록,이봉주,김주연 고신대학교의과대학 2008 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.23 No.1
Background and Objectives : Cisplatin (CP) is a major chemotherapeutic agent for head and neck cancer. However, cancer cells can get drug resistance through recovering the DNA damage by CP. Mithramycin A (MA) can inhibit gene expression of multidrug resistance gene 1, c-myc or h-ras. The goal of this study is to evaluate the therapeutic effect of MA alone and combination of MA and CP on head and neck cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods : Two head and neck cancer cell lines (AMC-HN4, AMC-HN7) were treated with MA. The cellular proliferation, apoptosis and protein expression were measured with XTT assay, FACS analysis, and western blotting, respectively after MA treatment in cell lines. In order to know the combination effect of MA with CP, the cancer cell lines were treated with MA, CP, and MA/CP combination, and cellular proliferation, apoptosis and expression of apoptosis-associated proteins were measured. Results : MA inhibited the proliferation of head and neck cancer cells and induce dapoptosis. Increase of caspase activation, PLC-?1 fragmentation and percent apoptosis by MA treatment was blocked by z-VAD-fms, but not blocked by N-Acetyl Cystein. Combination of MA and CP significantly inhibited cancer cell growth and increased apoptosis compared to MA and CP alone, and it also suppressed the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as XIAP and Mcl-1. Conclusions : The present study suggests that MA alone andMA/CP combination chemotherapy could be a potential regiment for the control of the head and neck cancer.
김대성,노성택,이장천,임규상,신미란,우원홍,문연자 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of ethanol extract of Fagopyrum escuentum(FE) on the melanogenesis. To determine whether ethanol extract of FE suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, B16F10 melanoma cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of FE ethanol extract. In the present study, the author examined the effects of FE ethanol extract on cell proliferation, melanin contents, tyrosinase activity. Cell proliferation was slightly increased by treatment with ethanol extract of FE (25-200 ㎍/ml). The ethanol extract of FE effectively suppressed melanin contents at a dose of 100 ㎍/ml. It was observed that the color of cell pellets was totally whitened compared with the control. The ethanol extract of FE inhibited tyrosinase activity, regulate melanin biosynthesis as the key enzyme in melanogenesis. These results suggest that the ethanol extract of FE exerts its depigmenting effects through the suppression of tyrosinase activity. And it may be a potent depigmetation agent in hyperpigmentation condition.
박진식,장성호,문추연,성낙창,김수생 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.18 No.2
This Study has been carried out to evaluate the neutralization ability of waste oyster shelles. The results of this study are summerized as following ; 1. For reactiontime, neutralization effective were investigate smally but pH variations were investigate largely for 10 minutes reactiontime. 2. pH variations with dosage of oyster shelles were small except pH 2 3. Therefore, waste oyster shelles is able to neutralize for acid wastewater.
이경동,양민석,정연규,손보균,조주식,이성태,김필주 한국농화학회 2003 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.46 No.2
본 연구는 3요소(N-PO_2O_5-K_2O)처리가 산국(Chysanthemum boreale M.)의 수량과 유효성분에 미치는 효과를 조사하여 효과적인 재배시스템을 개발하고자하였다. 처리구는 무처리, NPK(250-160-160), NK(250-0-160), PK(0-160-160kg/ha)의 5처리로 설정하여 산국을 재배한 결과, 건물수량은 NPK처리구가 PK처리구에 비하여 4.0배의 증수가 있었으며, 다른 처리구보다 무기이온의 흡수율, 생육 및 수량에서 NPK처리구가 가장 우수하였다. 식용으로 많이 쓰이는 꽃의 주요 아미노산은 proline, glutamic acid과 aspartic acid이였고, 다른 처리구들에 비하여 NPK처리구가 높은 함량을 보였다. 혈압강하효과가 우수한 cumambrin A는 PK처리구에 비하여 NPK처리구가 6.2배의 증수효과가 있었다. NK처리구는 NP처리구보다 cumambrin A의함량을 높이기 위해서는 인산의 시용보다 칼리의 시용이 더 요구되며, 야외포장에서의 인산과 칼리의 적정 시비량의 설정이 필요하다고 판단된다. To establish the fertilization condition to increase the productivity of Chrysanthemum boreale M. with high quality, the effects of three nutrients (N, P, K) on the yields and the effective components were investigated in the pot scale. NPK was applied by chemical fertilizers with N-P_2O_5-K_2O = 250-160-160 kg/ha as a main treatment, and NP (N-P_2O_5 = 250-160 kg/ha), NK (N-KO = 250-160 kg/ha), and PK (PO_2-KO_5 = 160-160 kg/ha) treatments were settled as comparison. Dry yields of C. boreale M. was increased significantly to 4 fold higher by nitrogen. Nitrogen increased apparently plant growth and inorganic nutrient uptake. In the flower, which is most useful and edible part as a herbal medicine, main amino acids were glutamic acid and aspartic acids, and the total content was increased significantly by three elements of application. In addition, the content of cumambrin A, which is known to have the effect of blood-pressure reduction, was increased source to 6.2 times by nitrogen higher than that in PK treatment. Potassium was more effective in biosyndiesis of cumatnbrin A than phosphorus, but the biological pathway was not clear, still.
박시준,김호민,한규수,성금수,신미란,문연자,우원홍 한국전통의학연구소 2006 한국전통의학지 Vol.15 No.1
Lavandula vera is indispensable member of the herb family, used for perfumes and potpourri. Androgens have profound effects on the physiology of the sebaceous gland. Sebum is secreted due to the effect of androgen, which starts to be secreted at puberty. Using the human sebocyte cell line SZ95, the author investigated the inhibitory effect of Lavandula vera on the lipid production. Light microscopic finding were examined numerous cytoplasmic lipid droplets SZ95 cells by Oil red staining and lipid droplets were increased markedly by testosterone. On the other hand, combined treatment with Lavandula vera and testosterone resulted in a lower lipid droplets than with testosterone alone in a dose-dependent manner. These findings indicate that Lavandula vera acts antagonistically to testosterone and inhibits the lipid synthesis of SZ95 cells at the cellular level.