김법린의 서양철학사상 수용을 통한 대중불교 혁신운동 - 동서사상의 해석학적 지평융합을 중심으로 -

엄연석 ( Eom¸ Yeon-seok ) 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2021 항도부산 Vol.41 No.-

이 글은 일제강점기에 민족운동과 불교혁신운동으로 독립을 성취하고자 여러 실천적 활동을 했던 김법린(金法麟, 1899~1964)이 서양철학을 수용한 양상과 불교혁신운동을 동서사상의 지평융합의 관점에서 규명하고자 하였다. 이 글에서는 서양철학과 서양근대불교학에 대한 김법린의 연구가 어떤 측면에서 그의 독립운동과 불교대중화 운동에 철학적 기초를 이루게 되었는가를 분석하고 추론하고자 하였다. 김법린은 근세철학의 비조이자, 근대자연과학과 수학의 학문 방법으로 인간의 인식 근거와 진리성을 탐구한 데카르트의 인식론 철학의 구체적 내용을 해명하였다. 또한 그는 근대서양의 불교학이 연구영역의 광범위함, 언어학적 고증 방법이용, 역사적 사료비판 진행, 연구결론의 자유로운 도출을 특징으로 삼고 있는 것으로 보았고, 그 실증적인 연구방법론 또한 수용하였다. 그는 이론적 연구 불교와 실천적 신앙불교가 상호의존적인 연결성을 가지는 것으로 이해하였다. 특히 구미의 연구 불교가 미래의 위대한 신앙불교의 기초가 되어 신앙운동을 활성화하는 토대가 될 것이라고 확신하였다. 이점에서 그의 데카르트 철학과 서양근대불교학 연구는 동서사상의 지평융합을 위한 토대가 되기에 충분하다. 김법린은 서양근대철학과 근대불교학에 기초하여 당시 조선 불교계의 폐단과 문제점을 지적하는 동시에 이를 개선하는 불교혁신운동과 민중불교 및 농촌계몽운동을 실행하고자 하였다. 이러한 과정에서 그는 종교의 신앙을 인권의 자유의 관점에서 바라보고 불교신앙을 서양 민주주의 정치사상과 결합함으로써 두 가지를 해석학적으로 융합시켰다. This essay intended to explain Kim Beoprin's aspect of acceptance of western philosophy and his movement of Buddhism reformation in the viewpoint of Horizontverschmelzung of east and west thought. He carried forward establishment of modern buddhist studies and popular buddhism movements founded on new research methodology together with independence movement. He suggested that the modernization of Buddhist studies was a significant and pressing tasks. "With a new approach and a fresh perspective, we should develop Buddhist studies to maintain prevail thoughts and new thoughts of the general public" said Kim Beoprin, emphasizing the necessity of a new attempt to Buddhist studies. Kim Beoprin's analytical explanation of Descartes philosophy has the significant meaning in that it fused together horizon of eastern and western philosophy and thought by reflecting on the traditional idea in national crisis. He accepted empirical research methodology from western Buddhist studies of modern times. Kim Beoprin understood that theoretical research Buddhist and practical faith Buddhism are not an independent and separate relation each other and have an interdependent continuity. He was confident that Euramerican research Buddhist would become a foundation through which one revitalizes religious movement by becoming the base of practical faith Buddhism. In this point, his research of Descartes philosophy and western Buddhist studies of modern times is enough to be a theoretical basis for Horizontverschmelzung of east and west thought.

Oral Tolerance: Not Simple But more Complex

Yeonseok Chung,Chang-Yuil Kang 대한면역학회 2003 Immune Network Vol.3 No.3

The Effect of Electronic Cigarette Uses in Patients with Acute and Chronic Respiratory Disease

( Yeonseok Choi ),( Jae Yeol Kim ),( Eun Mi Chun ),( Sang Haak Lee ),( Joo Hun Park ),( Jong Sook Park ),( Jae-woo Jung ),( Hye Jung Park ),( Hye Seon Kang ),( Dong Il Park ),( Hye Sook Choi ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0

Purpose The number of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users has steadily increased. It has been noted that e-cigarette use has negative effects on immune-related gene expression, respiratory symptoms, and pulmonary system of healthy adults. This study aimed to investigate the effects of e-cigarette uses on patients with acute or chronic respiratory disease, comparing groups with different smoking history. Methods Cross-sectional survey data from patients with acute or chronic respiratory disease of 9 university hospitals in South Korea was analyzed. Patients were categorized into three groups: never smokers, smokers (current smokers or former smokers of combustible cigarettes only), and e-smokers (current smokers or former smokers of e-cigarettes regardless of combustible cigarettes use). Results A total of 405 patients (133 never smokers vs. 133 smokers vs. 139 e-smokers) were included in this study. Among e-smokers, 131 (94.2%) had smoking history of combustible cigarettes, and 77 (55.4%) were able to reduce the number of daily combustible cigarettes smoked (10.5 cigarettes per day) but that of e-cigarettes was increased (11.8 cigarettes per day). In multivariable analysis, e-smokers were associated with higher EQ-5D-5L score and FEV1, and lower SGRQ score, but more likely to have chronic bronchitis, compared to smokers. Conclusions In our study, most of e-smokers have smoking history of combustible cigarettes without advantage to smoking cessation and they are associated with chronic bronchitis. Considering these effects in patients with acute or chronic respiratory disease, our study suggests that e-cigarette smoking has potential negative health effects following persistent smoking and long-term follow-up data is warranted.

Cellular and Molecular Links between Autoimmunity and Lipid Metabolism

Yeonseok Chung,류희주,김지연,김대홍,이정은 한국분자세포생물학회 2019 Molecules and cells Vol.42 No.11

The incidence of atherosclerosis is higher among patients with several autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is well documented that innate immune cells including macrophages and dendritic cells sense lipid species such as saturated fatty acids and oxidized low-density lipoprotein and produce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. However, whether a hyperlipidemic environment also impacts autoimmune T cell responses has been unclear. Among CD4+ T cells, Th17 and follicular helper T (Tfh) cells are known to play pathogenic roles in the development of hyperlipidemiaassociated autoimmune diseases. This review gives an overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which dysregulated lipid metabolism impacts the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, with specific emphasis on Th17 and Tfh cells.

Cross-Regulation between Atherosclerosis and Autoimmunity

Yeonseok Chung 한국실험동물학회 2014 한국실험동물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.8

Effect of long-term azithromycin therapy in COPD patients with or without bronchiectasis

( Yeonseok Choi ),( Sun Hye Shin ),( Hyunkyu Cho ),( Noeul Kang ),( Junsu Choe ),( Jiyeon Kang ),( Hyun-il Gil ),( Hye Yun Park ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2019 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.127 No.-

Purpose: Long-term azithromycin treatment is recommended for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with frequent exacerbation. Bronchiectasis (BE) is a common comorbid condition in patients with COPD, for which long-term azithromycin is effective in preventing exacerbation. This study aimed to compare the effect of long-term azithromycin in COPD patients according to the coexisting BE. Methods: COPD patients who received azithromycin for more than 12 weeks were retrospectively identified at single referral hospital. COPD was defined as post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 and BE was determined using computed tomography. Clinical characteristics and the treatment outcome of long-term azithromycin were compared between COPD with BE and COPD without BE. Results: Of total 59 patients, 43 had COPD with BE and 16 had COPD without BE. Compared to the group without BE, those with BE were more likely to be younger, female, and never-smokers. Median duration of azithromycin was 451 (IQR 230-755) days and only 3 (5.1%) patients experienced adverse event. At 12 months of azithromycin treatment, development of acute exacerbation was significantly lower in group with BE than those without BE (46.5% vs. 87.5%, p = 0.005). COPD assessment test (CAT) score also significantly improved in group with BE than those without BE (-4.0 vs. +1.5, p = 0.055). Conclusions: In COPD patients with frequent exacerbation, those with coexisting BE could benefit more from long-term azithromycin treatment, in terms of exacerbation prevention and quality of life improvement.

The Incidence and Risk Factors of Chronic Pulmonary Infection after Radiotherapy in Patients with Lung Cancer

( Yeonseok Choi ),( Jae Myung Noh ),( Kyung-jong Lee ),( Sang-won Um ),( Hojoong Kim ),( Byeong-ho Jeong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.0

Background Lung cancer patients experiencing chronic pulmonary infection (CPI) is increasing with their improved survival. Radiotherapy, one of treatment modalities of lung cancer, is associated with damage to anatomic barrier and immune defects, which may cause infectious complication. This study aimed to investigate cumulative incidence and factors associated with CPI development after radiotherapy for lung cancer. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 1,872 patients between 2010 and 2014, who received radiotherapy for lung cancer, had a minimum follow-up period of 3 months after radiotherapy, and did not have CPI at the time of radiotherapy. CPI was defined as pulmonary tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease, chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, and pulmonary actinomycosis. The cumulative incidence of CPI and overall survival (OS) were estimated using the Kaplan- Meier Method, and a multivariable Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to identify factors associated with CPI development. Results The median follow-up period was 2.33 years with a 55.6% 2-year OS rate. CPI was developed in 59 patients with cumulative incidences of 1.1%, 3.4%, 5.0%, and 6.8% at 1, 3, 5, and 7 years, respectively. In multivariable analysis, low body mass index, history of pulmonary tuberculosis, chronic heart disease, or radiation pneumonitis, and using inhaled corticosteroid were independent risk factors for CPI development. Conclusions The cumulative incidence of CPI after radiotherapy for lung cancer showed its increasing trend during the follow-up. Therefore, close follow-up regarding CPI development could be beneficial in patients with risk factors.

폐의류 처리 개선방안에 관한 연구

최연석 ( Yeonseok Choi ),최상규 ( Sangkyu Choi ),한소영 ( Soyoung Han ),정연우 ( Yeonwoo Jung ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2022 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.39 No.5

Globally, only 15% of discarded old clothes are recycled, while the remainder is incinerated or dumped in landfills, resulting in severe deterioration of air and land quality. Korea’s old clothes export business boomed and expanded until 2013. As a result, there were not any social difficulties, such as “Not in My Backyard” (NIMBY), nor a lack of in-country landfill sites to dispose of old clothes. However, China’s export of old clothes has been surging since the early 2010s and caused an oversupply of old clothes in the world market. This resulted in the problematic management of the related companies as well as the old clothes disposal problem in Korea. Furthermore, the government’s administration system for old clothes has some issues, such as incorrect statistics of discarded amounts, unclear classification of textile wastes, and a lot of unlisted companies in the field. This study retrieved the total amount of discarded old clothes in Korea through related references and compared it with other countries. Additionally, the physicochemical properties of old clothes were analyzed to determine their suitability for bio-SRF. Finally, a legislative system for old clothing in Korea was reviewed, and some modifications were suggested to support related industries and to prepare for the upcoming old clothing disposal problem.

Split peripheral tolerance: CD40 ligation blocks tolerance induction for CD8 T cells but not for CD4 T cells in response to intestinal antigens

Chung, Yeonseok,Ko, Sung-Youl,Ko, Hyun-Jeong,Kang, Chang-Yuil WILEY-VCH Verlag 2005 European journal of immunology Vol.35 No.5

<P>The role of antigen-presenting cells in the balance between immunity and tolerance to intestinal antigens remains poorly understood. In this study, we examined whether CD40 ligation affects the induction of CD4 and CD8 T cell tolerance in response to intestinal antigens. We show that an agonistic anti-CD40 mAb treatment did not block the induction of OVA-specific CD4 T cell tolerance, whereas this approach enabled strong priming of OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL), preventing CTL tolerance to intestinal antigen. Such CTL priming was independent of CD4 T cell help but required B7 costimulation. Co-administration of anti-CD40 mAb increased the synthesis of IL-2 and the expression of CD25 by CD8 T cells, but neither IL-2 production nor CD25 expression by CD4 T cells was enhanced by anti-CD40 mAb. However, neutralization of TGF-&bgr; together with addition of agonistic anti-CD40 mAb was able to reverse CD4 T cell tolerance. These findings suggest that the induction of tolerance versus immunity against intestinal antigens is determined by the status of the antigen-presenting cells and that signals via CD40 differently regulate the outcome of CD4 and CD8 T cells in vivo.</P>

유학의 미학사상 재조명을 통해 본 문화예술의 발전 방향

엄연석 ( Yeonseok Eom ) 상명대학교 글로벌문화예술교육연구소 2021 문화예술융합연구 Vol.2 No.2

이 연구는 유학의 실천적 진리와 도덕적 선을 아우르는 진선미의 감수성과 직관력 함양을 핵심으로 하는 유학의 미학사상 재조명을 통하여 사회적 질서와 화합, 문화의식의 고양과 문화예술 발전을 위한 구체적인 정책방안 모색에 대하여 고찰하였다. 유학미학과 문화예술정책방안에 관한 선행연구 성과를 검토하고 유학에서 진선미(眞善美)사이의 상관적인 의미를 어떻게 말하고 있으며 이로부터 희로애락의 심미의식이 어떻게 표현되는가를 설명하였다. 유학의 도덕이념과 禮樂의 미학적 구조를 주제로 하여 ‘진선미의 감수성과 심성론적 규범적 의미’를 해명하고, 인의예악 체계의 심미의식과 정치적 이상을 고찰하였다. 한국사회의 문화예술정책 발전 방안을 위하여 유학의 심미적 조화론이 어떤 의미에서 이념적 기초가 될 수 있는가를 정리하고, 유학의 진선미의 심미의식이 문화예술정책 발전방향에 어떤 역할을 하는지를 다루었다. This article was tried to examine the direction that the policy for the development of culture and arts in present Korean society should aim and how to set specific measures by re-illuminating the aesthetic thought of Confucianism. Specifically, as the core concept of Confucian aesthetic thought, the ideological foundation and central direction of the development plan of culture and arts policy were presented, focusing on the cultivation of the aesthetic consciousness and intuition of truth, goodness, and beauty[眞善美]. Confucianism in ancient China places emphasis on practical knowledge, but truth, goodness, and beauty are core values theoretically pursued. ‘Jin[眞]’ means truth without lies, closely related to human moral practice. ‘Goodness[善]’ is a desirable thing worth pursuing in a work or thing and is the result of ethical practice. ‘Beauty[美]’ is a Confucian moral character, or that human aesthetic sensibility is objectified as the beauty of external order and norms. In Confucianism, propriety and music(禮樂) is an objectification of truth, goodness, and beauty’s aesthetic consciousness by appropriately expressing the emotions of joy, anger, sorrow, and pleasure[喜怒哀樂] when human beings engage in humanistic and political activities. The aesthetic sensibility of the rite system, which aims for concordant harmony with the political order, functions to harmoniously unify the practical truth and moral goodness. What the culture and arts development policy should aim for in Korean society is to harmonize the entire society while minimizing the marginalized areas in the sense that future cultural values should be universalized to all members.