Influence of heat‑treated Al-Si coating on the weldability and microstructural inhomogeneity for hot stamped steel resistance nut projection welds

Eun‑Joon Chun,Sung‑Sang Lim,Young‑Tae Kim,Ki‑Sung Nam,김영민,Young‑Whan Park,Siva Prasad Murugan,Yeong‑Do Park 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.1

Resistance nut projection weldability of Al–Si coated hot stamped steel (HSS) was investigated under the viewpoint of weldablecurrent range and joint strength (pull-out load). The microstructural inhomogeneities in the welds were also studied inorder to elucidate the factors affecting the joint strength of the welds. The weldability of the given Al–Si coated HSS wascompared with the weldability of an identical HSS without the Al–Si coating (Al–Si coating was polished out) and Zn coateddual phase steel. The weldable current range of Al–Si coated HSS was found to be narrower than that of the other materials. Furthermore, the average pull-out load within the weldable current range of the Al–Si coated HSS was the lowest among thethree materials. The reason for poor weld mechanical property of the Al–Si coated hot-stamped steel was attributed to themicrostructural inhomogeneities such as unmixed Al–Si coating layer at the edge of the nugget and the second phase Fe3(Al,Si) intermetallic compound. The formation of Fe3(Al, Si) phase was attributed to the solidification segregation of Al and Siduring the weld solidification and was confirmed with the numerical analysis of solidification segregation.

지역4-H조직의 내적 적합성에 관한 문화기술적 연구

김진모,김진군,전영욱,이정은,최영창,이은영 한국농업교육학회 2008 농업교육과 인적자원개발 Vol.40 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 지역4-H조직의 내적 적합성을 탐색하고 이를 기술하는데 있었다. 2006년 8월부터 10월까지 약 3개월 동안 지역4-H후원회 회장 및 임원진 3명, 지역4-H연맹 회장 1명, 학교4-H 지도교사 4명, 지역의 영농4-H회장 1명, 시·군 농업기술센터 소장 및 4-H담당자 9명을 주요 연구 참가자로 하여 심층면담을 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 수집한 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 지역4-H조직 관련자들이 인식하는 지역4-H조직의 주요성과 격차로, ① 민간4-H조직을 중심으로 한 자율적이고 독립적인 활동 부재, ② 지역4-H조직 간 다양한 종류의 협력 부재, ③ 지역사회에서 4-H활동에 대한 가치 인식 부족이 나타났다. 둘째, 지역4-H조직의 핵심 과업으로 ① 4-H의 가치 및 이념에 부합하고, 지역의 실정에 맞는 프로그램 확보, ② 지역4-H 조직 간 협력적 네트워크 확립, ③ 4-H에 대한 지역사회의 관심 및 지지 확보가 나타났다. 셋째, 지역4-H조직의 내적 부적합성으로는 ① 인원 확보의 어려움과 핵심과업에 대한 전문성 결여, ② 관료화되고 경직된 낡은 문화, ③ 조직적 자원의 축소 및 조직 간 낮은 네트워크의 수준이 도출되었다. The purpose of this study was to describe and understand internal fit in Local 4-H Organization. The main participants of this study were one leader and two members of Local 4-H Society for the support, one leader of Local 4-H Association, four School 4-H teacher, one leader of Local farm 4-H, 9 local agricultural extension workers. The data were collected through in-depth interview with them from August, 2006 to October, 2006. The Results from this study were as follow: 1. Key performance gaps of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① lack of local 4-H based activities, ② lack of various types of partnership between local 4-H organizations, ③ lack of understanding value of 4-H activities in the communities. 2. Key tasks of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① developing local 4-H programs based on 4-H's values and ideas, ② establishing the cooperative networks among local 4-H organizations, ③ ensuring the interest and support about 4-H in the communities. 3. Internal misalignments of local 4-H organizations were identified: ① difference of recruitment and lack of expertise, ② bureaucratic and rigid cultures, ③ decrease in organizational support and low level of network among organizations.

사용자 인식 스마트 홈 미러

최건영,고성화,김종옥,박은서,김완규,백경동,박동규 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2021 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.27 No.2

The Internet of Things, the core of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, is growing by incorporating various technologies into various fields. Among them, smart home systems that apply IoT technology to home environments are being actively studied. The home hub market, a means of communication for smart homes, is also developing at the same time. As the home hub market develops, security threats are also increasing accordingly. In this paper, 'Smart Home Mirror' is implemented by combining mirror and IoT technologies so that users can use them to communicate with smart home applications and other devices. To meet security issues, users in it are recognized by using face recognition technology and AES between all data communications in it is applied. The proposed device’s usefulness is approved by implementing it in smart home environments.

우연적 정서의 유발이 태도 강도와 메시지의 종류별 태도 변화량에 미치는 효과

나은영 서울大學校 社會科學大學 心理科學硏究所 1999 心理科學 Vol.8 No.1

장애또래 수용태도에 관한 미술치료 프로그램 개발의 기초연구

최은영 대구대학교 2005 대구대학교 학술논문집 Vol.1 No.1

교육부는 제7차 교육과정을 제시하면서 21세기 정보화?세계화 시대의 사회변화에 적응하고 주도할 수 있는 시민적 자질의 육성이라는 목표를 제시하고 있다. 이를 위해서는 창의적이며, 인간존엄성을 존중하고, 타인을 배려하는 바람직한 인성을 지녀야 한다고 강조하고 있다. 한편 일반아동이 장애를 지닌 또래를 수용하면서 타인을 보다 잘 배려하며, 인간을 보다 존중하게 되는 등 건전한 인성을 지니게 된다고 보고되고 있다. 장애를 지닌 아동 또한 보다 성공적인 통합교육을 받을 수 있으며, 학교를 졸업한 후 보다 적응적인 사회생활에 대한 기반이 마련된다는 점에서 매우 중요하다 하겠다. 이러한 차원에서 일반아동이 장애가 있는 또래를 수용할 수 있도록 하기 위한 노력들이 이루어지고 있다. 최근에는 미술치료가 아동에 대한 매우 효과적인 접근법으로 제시되고 있다. 언어로 하지 못하는 것을 그림이 대신하여 자신을 표현할 수 있게 해주기 때문이다. 아동은 미술을 통해 자신과 주변환경에 대한 생각과 느낌을 표현한다. 아동 나름대로 지각한 타인과의 관계, 개인적인 인식·믿음·태도를 나타낸다. 또한 미술치료를 통해 아동은 타인에 대한 태도가 변화된다고 보고되고 있다. 이상에서 보듯이 미술치료는 장애아동에 대한 일반아동의 긍정적 수용태도 형성에 대한 효과적인 접근법이라 할 것이다. 현재까지는 수용태도 변화를 위한 접근이 그림을 통해 장애특성을 전달하고 순서대로 나열함으로써 장애별 수용태도 등을 확인하고자 하는 데 그치고 있으며, 미술의 보다 적극적인 적용을 통해 수용태도 변화를 시도한 연구는 아직 찾아보기 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 미술치료를 통한 장애또래 수용 태도 프로그램 개발을 위한 기초연구로서, 장애또래에 대한 일반아동의 수용 태도 변화를 위한 국내연구의 현황(프로그램을 중심으로)을 살피고, 장애또래 수용태도에 대한 미술치료의 의의를 살핀 후, 향후 미술치료 분야의 연구 방향과 과제를 제시하였다. The Ministry of Education presents the 7th Curricula with the object of studies: raising civic disposition to adapt social varieties and to lead the world in the 21st century. To do that, they emphasis that a child must have a appropriate human nature: originality, respecting human dignity, and concerning others. In the mean time, it is reported that the child tends to concern others better when he accepts peers with disabilities. He, also, would respect human dignity. Therefore, child (who has positive attitude to his peers with disabilities) learns better how to assist and care others by understanding differences among individuals. In other word, the child develops appropriate character that our society demands, when he understands and accepts his peers with disabilities. A children with disabilities also can gains several advantages, when their peers have positive acceptances to them. They can take successful integrated education with non-handicapped peers. In addition, it is very important to prepare the beginning of social bonds after they are graduated from their schools. In this point of view, there are many efforts that increase a non-handicapped child acceptance to his peers with disabilities. Lately, it is shown that the art therapy is a significant approach to the child, because painting can display the child’s mind which no word can say. The child express himself and his surroundings by painting. It is also reflected that his perception of relationship with others, and his personal cognition, beliefs, and attitude. In addition, it is reported that the child can be changed his attitude by the art therapy. As the above, the art therapy is a effective approach to raise positive attitude of non handicapped child to his peers with disabilities, however those in these days just refer how the child’s acceptances to different type of handicaps with paintings that show some traits between different handicaps. It is difficult to find a research that try to change attitude by active application of painting. In this basic research provides direction and tasks in the future research to the art therapy program which conducts non-handicapped child’s acceptance to his peers with disabilities, and objectives are below, First, how is the domestic research that does for changing non-handicapped child’s attitude to his peers with disabilities in the present time (focus on program) going on? Second, what is the purpose of the art therapy that deals with it? Third, what is the future direction and tasks of the art therapy approach to achieve this goal? Therefore, the purpose of this study is examining above objectives, and it is analyzed several art therapy researches and some others that related to the topic of changing of non-handicapped child’s attitude to his peers with disabilities.

地域農業成長에 대한 空間構造와 農業特化分析 : 忠北地域을 中心으로

全榮吉,沈銀淑 안성산업대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.22 No.-

The objectives this study are as follows; First, It is that the determination of regional unit project in Chung Buk Area. Second, the aim of this paper is to make clear the changing processes of the activity space and the periodic market. Third, It was the analysis of agricultural specilization in each regional unit. Results of this study are as follows; Firstly, this study is based on Functional Integration Model on the agricultural growth. Secondly, the range of the activity spaces, defined by lower-ordered items such as the purchase of speciality goods, the entertainment trips, and the shipment of special agricultural product have shown a remarkable change, and the orientation of behavior have changed from lower-ordered centers to higher-ordered ones. Thirdly, the crops of radish, chinese cabbage, red paper, garlic, seasame, tobacco, ginseng, stone-leek, watermelon, strawberry, tomato, raising silkworms and fruits had location quotient higer than I in agricultural specialization analysis.

고등학생의 성, BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태,신체적 자기효능감에 관한 연구

백영호,고정림,천은석 부산대학교 과학교육연구소 2007 교사교육연구 Vol.46 No.2

본 연구는 고등학생의 성, BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태와 신체적 자기효능감에 관한 연구를 위해 B·U시에 있는 13개 고등학교 총 1,810명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 불성실한 84명을 제외한 1,726명을 대상으로 고등학생들의 성, 계열, BMI에 따른 자가건겅관리행태를 비교하였다The Journal, College of Education. Vol. 46, No. 2, (2007) 성에 따른 자가건강관리행태는 남·여학생 모두 평균수면시간은 6시간, TV시청시간은 1시간으로 컴퓨터 사용시간은 남학생 2시간·여학생 1시간으로 남·여학생 모두 스트레스해소방법은 음악듣기, 아침식사여부는 매일 먹는다, 간식횟수는 매일 먹는다, 간식선호도는 비스켓, 빵류, 인스턴트섭취횟수는 주1~2회, 선호음식은 육류, 선호음료는 주스류, 체형인지정도는 약간 살찐 체형, 운동을 하지 않는 이유는 시간이 없어서, 운동을 하는 이유는 신체적 건강을 위해서, 음주횟수는 마시지 않는다, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향은 학업에 지장이 있는 것 같다. 신경안정제·수면제·각성제 등의 복용여부는 없다로 나타났다. TV시청시간, 아침식사여부, 선호음료, 체형인지정도, 신경안정제, 수면제, 각성제 등의 복용여부에서는 남학생이 더 나은 자가건강관리행태를 컴퓨터 사용시간, 간식선호도, 인스턴트섭취횟수, 선호음식, 음주횟수, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향에서는 여학생이 나은 자가건강관리행태를 나타냈다. BMI에 따른 자가건강관리행태는 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 평균수면시간은 6시간, TV시청시간은 1시간으로 컴퓨터 사용시간은 1시간, 스트레스해소방법은 음악듣기, 아침식사여부는 매일 먹는다로 간식횟수는 저체중·정상체중은 매일 먹는다·과체중은 주 1~2회로 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 간식선호도는 비스켓·빵류, 인스턴트섭취횟수는 주 1~2회, 선호음식은 육류, 선호음료는 주스류로 체형인지정도는 저체중은 마른체형으로 정상·과체중은 약간 살찐 체형으로 저체중·정상체중·과체중 모두에서 운동을 하는 이유는 신체적 건강을 위해서, 운동을 하지 않는 이유는 시간이 없어서, 음주횟수는 마시지 않는다, 흡연·음주가 학업에 미치는 영향은 학업에 지장이 있는 것 같다, 신경안정제·수면제·각성제 등의 복용여부는 없다로 나타났다. 정상은 저체중·과체중보다 간식선호도에서 과체중은 정상·저제중보다 아침식사여부, 간식횟수, 선호음식, 체형인지도에서 자가건강관리행태가 좋았다. 신체적 자기효능감은 성별로는 남학생이 여학생보다 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 나타내었고, 계열별로는 유의한 차이가 없었으며, BMI는 정상체중이 저체중과 과체중보다 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구결과 청소년들의 올바른 자가건강관리행태를 높이고, 잘못된 생활습관과 식습관을 바로 잡을 수 있는 체계적이고 지속적인 청소년 자가건강교육 프로그램이 개발되어야 할 것이며, 청소년기에 맞는 보다 일반화된 검사를 할 수 있는 자가건강관리행태와 신체적 자기 효능감의 설문지 개발과 자가건강관리의 능동적 실천 방안을 마련해야 된다고 본다. For the study on the type of self-care status according to gender, BMI and physical self- efficacy of high-school students, this study took a census at 1,810 students of 13 high-schools at area of U and P. This study took a Chi-square to compare the type of self-care status according to gender, BMI of high-school students. The study calculate mean, standard deviation and then perform one-way ANOVA to compare physical self-efficacy of high-school students. Verifications on those was executed by Duncan with the significance level of a=.05. The conclusions of this study are followed below. At both boy and girl students: average sleeping time -6 hours, average watching TV time - 1 hour, the methods of releasing a stress : listening to music, yes or no of eating a breakfast -Taking a breakfast everyday, how often they eat snack foods - everyday, the preferred snack foods - biscuit, bread, the frequency of eating fast-foods - 1~2 per week, the preferred foods - meats, the preferred beverage - juices, the cognition on body type - a little fat body. The reason why they don't excise - having no time to excise, the reason why they do excise - To have a healthy body, the frequency of drinking alcohol - zero, the affection of smoking and drinking alcohol on studying - It seems to be, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant - No. The time of using a computer - boys (2 hours) / girls (1 hour).Boy students have a better types of self-care status than girl students in watching TV time, yes or no of eating breakfast, the preferred beverage, cognition on the body type, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant. Girl students have a better types of self-care status than boy students in the time of using a computer, the preference of snack foods, the frequency of eating fast-foods, the preferred foods, the frequency of drinking alcohol, the affection of smokingㆍdrinking alcohol on studying. At all under, normal, over-weight students: the average sleeping time - 6 hours, the average watching TV time - 1 hour, the average time in using a computer - 1 hour, the methods of releasing a stress - listening to music, yes or no of eating a breakfast : -Taking a breakfast everyday, the preferred snack foods - biscuit, bread, the frequency of eating fast-foods - 1~2 per week, the preferred foods - meats, the preferred beverage - juices. The reason why they do exercise : -To have a healthy body, the reason why they don't excise -having no time to excise, the frequency of drinking alcohol - zero, the affection of smoking and drinking alcohol on studying - It seems to be, yes of no of taking medicines such as tranquilizer, sleeping drug, stimulant - No. The frequency of eating snack-foods : low & normal - everyday / over - 1~2 times. The normal weight students have a better types of self-care status than low or over-weight in the preferences of snack-foods. the over weight students have a better types of self-care status than the normal or low-weight in yes or no of eating a breakfast, the frequency of eating snack-foods, the preferred foods, the cognition on body type. On gender, it shows a meaningful difference that the boy students are higher than the girl students in the physical self-efficacy. On BMI, it shows a meaningful difference that normal weight are higher than low & over weight in the physical self-efficacy. These results show us that we have to develop a systematic and continuous health education programs for juveniles-self that enhance upright types of self-care status and fix the wrong living and eating habits. And these results also show us that we have to prepare the types of self-care status which can be generally tested for juveniles and the development of census on the physical self-efficacy and active practice plan on self-care status.

강원지역 중소기업의 환경경영 실태와 과제

전영승,박은정 한국산학경영학회 2004 산학경영연구 Vol.17 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 ISO14001 인증 취득 현황조사를 통해 강원지역 중소기업의 환경경영 실태와 과제를 파악하고 환경경영의 활성화를 위한 방안을 모색하는 것이다. 주요 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2003년 4월 현재 우리나라의 ISO14001 인증획득 업체수는 1,215개 업체인데 비해 강원지역 중소기업의 ISO14001 인증획득 업체는 광역지방자치단체 중 최하위 수준인 26개 업체에 불과하였다. 둘째, 인증 미획득 기업들이 인증을 받지 않으려는 이유로 '인증 획득 및 유지에 소요되는 비용이 효익보다 크다'는 점을 제시하였다. 셋째, ISO14001 인증을 획득한 기업이나 ISO14001 인증 미획득 기업이나 인증을 획득한(하려는) 가장 큰 이유는 '기업의 이미지 향상'이었으며, 인증 획득기업이 환경경영시스템 도입 후 얻은 효과도 '기업의 이미지 향상'으로 나타났다. 넷째, ISO14001 인증을 획득한 기업들은 환경경영시스템을 도입할 때 문제점으로 '문서작성 및 비용에 관한 부담'과 '인력 부족'에 관한 응답이 많았다. 위와 같은 연구의 주요 결과를 바탕으로 강원지역 중소기업의 환경경영 활성화를 위한 과제와 방안을 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, ISO14001 인증 미획득 기업 대부분이 ISO14001에 대한 인지도가 낮아 이에 대한 지속적이고 적극적인 홍보와 교육 및 연수제도가 필요하다는 점이다. 둘째, 환경경영 관련 인력이 부족함으로 전문 인력의 양성을 위한 교육프로그램의 실시, 보조금 지급의 확대, 상담부서 및 상담창구의 개설, 관련 정보의 데이터 베이스화나 소프트웨어의 개발이 필요하다. 셋째, 저렴한 비용과 간단한 절차를 통해 인증을 받을 수 있는 중소기업용 공적 인증제도의 신설, 혹은 단체인증제도, 공단 인증제도 등을 적극 고려할 필요가 있다. The purpose of this study is to understand the realities and the subject of environmental management for small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area, through surveying the present status as to acquiring the certification of ISO14001, and to seek for a plan to facilitate environmental management. Given summarizing key results, those are as follows. First, while the number of companies in our country which acquired the certification of ISO14001, amounts to 1,215 businesses as of April of 2003, the number of small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area which obtained the certification of ISO14001 reached only 26 businesses, the lowest level among metropolitan municipalities. Second, for the reason that companies who didn't acquire the certification, strive not to receive the certification, it did present the point that 'costs to be needed in acquiring and maintaining the certification are larger than practical benefit. Third, the biggest reason for either companies which did not acquire the certification of ISO14001 or companies which did (try to) acquire the certification of IS01400, was 'enhancement of a corporate image,' and the effect after a company who obtained the certification introduced the environmental management system, was also shown to be 'the improvement of a corporate image.' Fourth, many companies who acquired the certification of IS01400 pointed out the response related to 'burden on document creation and costs' and 'lack of manpower' as problems when introducing the environmental management system. On the basis of major results of a study as the above, given presenting the subject and a plan for activating the environmental management of small and medium-sized companies in Gwangwon area, those are as follows. First, because most of companies who did not obtain the certification of IS01400 have low recognition of ISO14001, it needs continuous and positive publicity, education and a training system. Second, it requires to carry out an educational program to nurture professional manpower due to lack of manpower relevant to environmental management, to expand payment of subsidies, to open exclusive-charge department and consulting contact, to have the relevant information be database and to develop software. Third, in order to make the certification obtained through inexpensive costs and simple procedures, it needs to positively consider the creation of public approval system for a small and medium-sized company, group approval system, industrial-complex approval system, and others.

기관골 신생증 1예

오영상,이은우,정종혁,문승원,김수현,김동한,양혁승,박정환,박경옥,강성수,이영직 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2006 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.31 No.2

Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica is a rare disorder of unknown cause characterized by the projection of numerous bony or cartilaginous submucosal nodules into the tracheobronchial lumen with sparing of the posterior membranous portion of tracheobronchial tree. In the past, most of the cases were diagnosed as secondary finding at autopsy. Nowaday, the key component of the evaluation is flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and bronchoscopy, which typically demonstrates irregular spicules of subrnucosal bone and cartilage projecting into the tracheobronchial lumen and causing various degrees of airway obstruction. A 45 years old man was visited Sunchon St. Carollo hospital due to discomfort on throat. We saw several nodules just below vocal cord via laryngoscope. The computed tomography revealed multiple small calcified nqdules on trachea and both main bronchi. Pathologic finding of bronchoscopic biopsy showed abnormal proliferation of bony and cartilagious nodules in the tracheal submucosa. These fingdings were consistent with tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica. We report here on a case of tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica with review of literature.

Hair Style의 유형과 얼굴형에 따른 얼굴 이미지 분석

김상은,이현,서영심,이진희 원광대학교 2006 論文集 Vol.36 No.-

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the face image by the types of hair style and the shapes of face. Three factors(facial shape, hair length, curl) were considered. Facial images were evaluated by the twenty adjective words on a Likert scale, Two subjects(a oblong face, a round face) were selected as female students of Wonkwang University. The results are as follows; 1. Five factors on the face image were extracted from twenty items ; femininity, urbanity, individuality, cuteness, intelligence. 2. In the face type, round face was explained by the softness, feminine, innocent image than oblong. 3. In the hair length, long hair was explained by the softness, natural, lovely image than short hair. 4. In the curl or straight, straight was explained by the vigorous, activity, youthful image than curl.