Effects of Dietary Taurine Supplementation on Growth Performance, Serum Constituents and Antibody Production of Broilers

Lee, Der-Nan,Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Chuang, Yu-Shuan,Shive, Jiing-Lin,Lian, Yuh-Ming,Wei, Hen-Wei,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.1

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of taurine (Tau) supplements on broiler growth performance, serum constituents and antibody production. In Exp. 1, 3 day old chicks received a basal diet supplemented with Tau at 0, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30 or 0.40% for 6 weeks. Although dietary Tau supplementing at 0.30 or 0.40% enhanced feed conversion and reduced feed consumption during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.05), neither serum total cholesterol or anti-Newcastle disease virus (NDV) titer were affected. In Exp. 2, dietary Tau supplement at 0.25-0.75% enhanced feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks, but daily gain and feed consumption were not affected. The 0.75% Tau supplement group displayed lower serum total cholesterol at 6 weeks (p<0.05) comparing with the control group but no difference in anti-NDV titers. In Exp. 3, broilers were treated with dietary Tau of 0 or 0.50% combined with low (0/0%), medium (0.18/0.08%), or high (0.36/0.16%) methionine (Met) levels for 6 weeks (0 to 3/3 to 6 weeks). The addition of Met significantly improved daily gain and feed conversion of broilers during 0 to 3 weeks (p<0.01). Dietary Tau interacted significantly with Met on daily gain and feed consumption. Broiler serum amino acids revealed that Met supplements only increased serum Met level, but only serum Tau level was enhanced as given dietary Tau supplementation. The broilers receiving Tau normalized serum triglycerides level by feeding with the low Met diet and tended to display higher anti-NDV titers (p<0.10). The experimental results suggest that the growth response obtained by Tau supplements results partly from interactions with sulfur amino acids. However, the modulation of the broiler lipid metabolism may be responsible for dietary Tau.

Prevalence of Fumonisin Contamination in Corn and Corn-based Feeds in Taiwan

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Wu, Jih-Fang,Lee, Der-Nan,Yang, Che-Ming J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2002 Animal Bioscience Vol.15 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of fumonisin contamination in corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan. A total of 233 samples was collected from 8 feed mill factories located in four different regions in Taiwan. The presence of fumonisin $B_1$ ($FB_1$) and $B_2$ ($FB_2$) was determined by thin layer chromatograph, while the total fumonisin content was determined using immuno-affinity column cleanup and fluorometer quantitation. Our results showed that 55 samples of swine feeds had the highest percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ (41.8% and 41.8%, respectively), followed by 66 samples of duck feeds (40.9% and 37.8%). However, the percentage of incidence of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ was much lower in 43 samples of broiler feeds (23.2% and 13.9%) and 69 samples of corn (17.3% and 10.1%). Corn and duck feeds were found to have a significant higher level of means of total fumonisins ($5.4{\pm}1.5$ and $5.8{\pm}0.6$ ppm, respectively) than swine feeds ($2.9{\pm}0.4$ ppm) and broiler feeds ($3.0{\pm}0.5$ ppm). Comparing fumonisins distribution in different regions, the highest percentage of $FB_1$ incidence (39.2%) was found in the eastern region of Taiwan, and total fumonisins level ($4.5{\pm}0.7$ ppm) was significantly higher than other regions. However, the highest percentage of $FB_2$ incidence (32.0%) was found in the central region of Taiwan. Trimonthly analysis of data showed that both high percentage of $FB_1$ and $FB_2$ incidence (39.3% and 37.7%) and total concentration of fumonisin ($5.7{\pm}0.4$ ppm) were found in the period of Jan. to Mar., The incidence and concentration were significantly higher than other trimothly periods. These results indicate that fumonisin B mycotoxins are both widespread and persistent in feed-grade corn and corn-based feeds in Taiwan.

Effects of Dietary Chromium Picolinate Supplementation on Growth Performance and Immune Responses of Broilers

Lee, Der-Nan,Wu, Fu-Yu,Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Lin, Rong-Shinn,Wu, Po-Ching Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.2

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (Cr) on the growth performance, bone trait, serum traits, and immune responses in broilers. The broilers were fed corn-soybean meal basal diet supplemented with Cr at level of 0(control), 200, 400, or 800 ppb in the form of chromium picolinate (CrPic). The broilers were fed treated diets for 6 weeks in Exp. 1, but the Cr supplement was removed for the last 3 weeks in Exp. 2. Exp. 1 showed that dietary supplement of Cr did not affect growth performance of the broiler, though improved feed efficiency (p<0.05) was observed during 0 to 3 weeks. Moreover, serum total (p<0.05) and HDL cholesterols (p<0.06) were significantly higher in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age, however, the difference was not significant in Exp. 2. The pooled Cr added group in Exp.1 had significantly lower (p<0.05) alkaline phosphatase activity and higher (p<0.09) calcium at 3 weeks. Significantly lower phosphorus was also observed in Exp. 2. With continued supplement of Cr as in Exp. 1, the alkaline phosphatase activity maintained higher at 6 weeks, as opposed to significantly lower in Exp. 2, which had no further Cr supplement. Higher bone breaking strength was observed in 400 ppb Cr supplemented in Exp. 1, though not significantly different. Serum glucose and triglyceride were not affected by Cr supplement. Antibody against Infectious Bronchitis (IB) was significantly (p<0.05) higher with 400 ppb Cr supplemented, and anti-Newcastle disease (ND) antibody also tended to be higher (p<0.06) in pooled Cr added group at 6 weeks of age in Exp. 1. Peripheral blood blastogenesis activity was not different among the treatments. The results suggest that diet supplemented with 400 ppb CrPic may be beneficial to the broiler.

Investigation of Goats' Milk Adulteration with Cows' Milk by PCR

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Chen, Su-Der,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.10

Goats' milk adulteration with cows' milk is becoming a big problem. In the past, the urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay with different motility of ${\alpha}S1$-casein has been applied for the identification of cows' milk adulteration. The detection sensitivity is 1.0%. The aim of this study was to develop a faster and more sensitive method to detect cows' milk which may be present in adulterated goats' milk and goats' milk powder. The published primer was targeted at highly conserved regions in bovine mitochondrial DNA (a 271 bp amplicon). This amplicon was cloned and sequenced to further confirm bovine specific sequence. The chelex-100 was used to separate bovine somatic cells from goats' milk or goats' milk powder samples. Random sampling of different brands of goats' milk powder and tablets from various regions of Taiwan showed the adulterated rate was 20 out of 80 (25%) in goats' milk powders and 12 out of 24 (50%) in goats' milk tablets. With this system, as low as 0.1% cows' milk or cows' milk powder in goat milk or goat milk powder could be identified. This chelex DNA isolation approach provides a fast, highly reproducible and sensitive method for detecting the adulteration of goats' milk products.

Effect of Dietary Glutamine Supplement on Performance and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Pigs

Lee, Der-Nan,Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Wu, Fu-Yu,Sato, Hiroyuki,Shinzato, Izuru,Chen, Shih-Ping,Yen, Houng-Ta Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2003 Animal Bioscience Vol.16 No.12

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of dietary glutamine (Gln) supplement on the performance and villus morphology of weaned pigs. In Exp. 1, 48 pigs were fed diets supplemented with 0, 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5% Gln for 28 days. Dietary Gln supplemented levels did not influence performance and plasma Gln concentration of weaned pigs. In Exp. 2, 48 weaned pigs were fed the same treatment diets of Exp. 1 for 7 or 14 days. Dietary Gln supplement reduced the ratio of small intestine weight to empty carcass weight at d 14 postweaning. However, the villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio at the duodenum were increased. IgA and protein in the bile from d 7 and d 14 postweaning were higher in the pigs fed the diet supplemented with 0.5% Gln. Plasma IgA concentration was not influenced by dietary Gln levels. In conclusion, dietary Gln supplement might benefit the development of the small intestine and bile IgA production in weaned pigs.

Effects of β-Glucan Supplementation on Lymphocyte Proliferation, Macrophage Chemotaxis and Specific Immune Responses in Broilers

Cheng, Yeong-Hsiang,Lee, Der-Nan,Wen, Chiu-Ming,Weng, Ching-Feng Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2004 Animal Bioscience Vol.17 No.8

Immunomodulatory feed additives might offer alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters in poultry production. This experiment was carried out to test the effect of $\beta$-glucan supplementation on the growth performance and immune response in broilers. Total of 160 day-old broilers were randomly assigned to 4 treatment groups fed corn-soybean diets containing 0, 0.012, 0.025 or 0.05% of $\beta$-glucan supplement in a 6 week feeding experiment. Growth performance, antibody titer against New Castle vaccine, lymphocyte blastogensis, and peritoneal macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers were evaluated. Results showed that there were no significant differences in weight gain and feed efficiency among the treatments, and no differences in antibody titer was observed. Supplementation of $\beta$-glucan did not elevate the lymphocyte blastogensis among treatments, following stimulation with different mitogens. However, supplementation with 0.025 and 0.05% $\beta$-glucan enhanced the macrophage chemotaxis activity of broilers. These results suggest that $\beta$-glucan may enhance some cell-mediated immune responses of chickens by modulate macrophages ability.

Exchange Coupling in FePt/Os/FePt Trilayers

Shih-Yuan Chen,Yeong-Der Yao,Yung-Hsiang Teng,Chin-Chung Yu 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Microstructure and Magnetic Properties of FePt Films on Anodized Aluminum Oxide Membranes

Shih-Yuan Chen,Yeong-Der Yao,Chin-Chung Yu 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Magnetization Reversal of Co/Pd Multilayers on Si Substrates and AAO Membranes

Shih-Yuan Chen,Yeong-Der Yao,Yu-Kuan Huang,Chin-Chung Yu 한국자기학회 2008 한국자기학회 학술연구발표회 논문개요집 Vol.- No.-

Structural and Magnetic Phase Transitions of Shape-Memory Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x Alloys with Excess Mn

Nguyen Phu Thuy,Ngo Van Nong,Yeong Der Yao 한국물리학회 2008 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.52 No.5

The Mn-excess Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x alloys with 1 < x < 7 were developed to investigate struc- tural transitions and magnetic properties. The martensitic transformation temperature (TM) for the structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic was clearly observed from magnetization, electrical resistivity and X-ray diraction studies as a function of temperature for temperatures be- low 400 K. The TM value increased roughly from 260 K to 355 K with increasing Mn concentration and TM showed an abrupt change at the composition x = 5. For the structural transition, the Curie temperature (TC) decreased slightly from 380 K and was insensitive to variations on the Mn/Ga ratio. During the heating and the cooling processes, the samples showed a temperature hysteresis at and below TM. A magnetic-eld-induced strain (MFIS) of about 0.2 % at an applied magnetic ld of 4.2 kOe was derived by using the martensitic transition temperature for polycrystalline samples. The Mn-excess Ni50Mn25+xGa25-x alloys with 1 < x < 7 were developed to investigate struc- tural transitions and magnetic properties. The martensitic transformation temperature (TM) for the structural transformation from tetragonal to cubic was clearly observed from magnetization, electrical resistivity and X-ray diraction studies as a function of temperature for temperatures be- low 400 K. The TM value increased roughly from 260 K to 355 K with increasing Mn concentration and TM showed an abrupt change at the composition x = 5. For the structural transition, the Curie temperature (TC) decreased slightly from 380 K and was insensitive to variations on the Mn/Ga ratio. During the heating and the cooling processes, the samples showed a temperature hysteresis at and below TM. A magnetic-eld-induced strain (MFIS) of about 0.2 % at an applied magnetic ld of 4.2 kOe was derived by using the martensitic transition temperature for polycrystalline samples.