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糞尿와 都市 廢棄物과의 混合處理에 대한 硏究 (Ⅰ) : 肥料化를 中心으로한 實驗室的 考察 Experimental study for the fertilization
金熙鐘,金相烈,金秀生,孫晋彦,金燦國,成周慶,吳英敏 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1977 硏究報告 Vol.1 No.1
우리나라에 있어서 都市廢棄物의 主인 糞尿와 固形廢棄物의 太宗인 無煙炭재를 同時에 效果的으로 處理할 수 있고 또한 堆肥化시킬 수 있는 好氣性 酸化方式의 最適條件을 얻기 위하여 生糞尿 및 煉炭재의 理化學的 및 生物學的 數値를 測定하고 이를 基礎로하여 上記 兩者를 混合處理 할수 있는 消化條件(溫度, 糞尿와 煉炭재의 配合比, 기타 固形物의 添加量, 注入되는 空氣量의 變化)에 따른 C.O.D., B.O.D.의 變化, 水分 및 電氣傳導度의 變化, 熱灼減量, N量의 變化 等을 硏究하였으며 이들 사이의 相關關係를 檢討하여 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 生糞尿에 固形廢棄物인 煉炭재나 紙類를 配合시켜 消化시키므로서 케이크속의 질소成分의 量을 增加 시킬수 있다. 2. 煉炭재의 配合은 糞尿의 消化速度를 增加 시킨다. 3. 糞尿의 處理를 위한 反應槽의 溫度는 50℃보다 60℃로 維持 시킬때 消化速度가 크다. 4. 反應槽의 溫度를 一定하게 했을때 空氣의 注入速度는 初期 反應時는 적게하고 後期 反應時는 크게 함이 效果的 이다. For the effective treatment and usable disposal of urban wastes in the area of Busan city, the composition of the nightsoil and anthracite bulky ash which is the main munic ipal solid wastes have been studied on the digestion of the compositive mixtures with the variable conditions that are ratio of compounding between nightsoil and ash, amount of solid additives and volume of air for the effective airation at 50, 65℃. The digestion has been detected by the physico-chemical and biological data; pH, specific gravity, content of moisture, C.O.D., B.O.D., electroconductance of the solution of the results, decrease of nition, and volume of total free nitrogen etc. The results are obtained as follows. 1) The characteristics of domestic nightsoil are different to the foreign data as table 5, but the data of anthracite ash almost are same except the composition of Fe₂O₃ and Al₂O₃. 2) Amount of total free nitrogen are increased by the digestion with the addition of solid waste, as effective absorption, to the nightsoil. 3) The digestion are accelerated by the compounding of ash, but the adding of sulfuric acid to fix the free ammonia reduced reaction. 4) The airation have to proceed slowly at initial step, and then endure enough volume of air at the later step.
Kim, Dong-Hyun,Kim, Byung-Taek,Park, Sun-Yong,Kim, Na-Young,Han, Myung-Joo,Shin, Kuk-Hyun,Kim, Wan-Suk,Kim, Yeong-Sik The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 1998 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.21 No.5
When glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-degrating enzymes were measured in normal human stool suspensions, all 5 tested different stools degraded titrable heparin and acharan sulfate. GAG-degrading bacteria were screened from the isolates of human stools. Among them, HJ-15 had the most potent activities of heparinases (GAGs-degrading enzymes). However, HJ-15 produced the enzyme even if in the media without heparin. Acharan sulfate lyase was induced by acharan sulfate and heparin. Heparinase production was also induced by these GAGs. These enzymes, acharan sulfate lyase and heparinase, were produced in exponential and stationary phase of HJ-15 growth, respectively. Optimal pHs of the acharan sulfate lyase and heparinase activities were 7.2 and 7.5 respectively. the biochemical properties of HJ-15 was similar to those of B. stercoris. However, difference from B. stercoris was utilization of raffinose. this HJ-15 also degraded chondroitin sulfates A and C.
Yeong Kuk Kim,Doo Ho Lee,Soo Hyun Lee,Ji Min Kang,Seung Hwan Lee 한국동물유전육종학회 2020 한국동물유전육종학회지 Vol.4 No.1
Genomic information is now useful to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) which is associated with economic traits as well as to predict genetic potential for individual in Animal Breeding Industry. Especially, genomic BLUP (gBLUP) is one of the useful model to estimate genomic breeding value (gEBV) with genomic relationship matrix (GRM). Genomic relationship matrix will be estimated from genomic information such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) which is similar to numeric relationship matrix estimated from pedigree information used in traditional BLUP. The matrix defines the genetic covariance between individuals based on observed similarity using genomic information, rather than on expected genetic similarity from pedigree. Therefore, gBLUP would be given to better prediction accuracy in livestock breeding. 1.GRM (genomic relationship matrix)을 구성할 때 대립유전자의 빈도는 매우 중요하다. 그 이유는 전체적인 matrix의 scale을 조절하기 때문이다. VanRaden이 제안한 최초의 GRM에서는 기초집단의 대립유전자의 빈도를 이용하여 GRM을 구성한다. 그러나, 최근 Forni et al. (2013)에 의하면 base population의 대립유전자의 빈도를 사용하나, 현재 집단의 대립유전자빈도를 사용하여도 추정된 값은 매우 유사하다고 보고한다. 2.ASREM 소프트웨어는 가축개량에서 매우 유용한 프로그램으로 일단 GRM이 만들어 지면 gBLUP모델을 쉽게 설정할수 있는 프로그램이다. 아래의 링크에서 다운로드 할 수 있다.http://www.vsni.co.uk/downloads/asreml 3.ASREML에서 gBLUP을 설정시, GCTA와 같은 소프트웨어를 이용하여 미리 GRM을 구성하여야 한다. 그리고 ASREML에서 육종가 해를 구하기 위하여 inverse를 할 수 있다. GCTA소프트웨어는 아래의 링크에서 다운로드 할 수 있다. http://cnsgenomics.com/software/gcta/#Download
김경민(Kim Kyung-Min),이원민(Lee Won-Min),박승찬(Park Seung-Chan),김정철(Kim Jeong-Cheol),박영호(Park Yeong-Ho),김국진(Kim Kuk-Jin) 한국철도학회 2007 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.- No.-
LIMs propelling the MAGLEV which has been developed in Korea have 3-series and 2-parallel connection, so that 6 LIMs per one vehicle are fed by one inverter. Thrust performance of the parallel-operated LIMs can be different from each other because of variant magnetic air gaps and electrical impedance. The thrust difference between the parallel LIMs cause a twist force on the vehicle. This paper proposes an algorithm to measure thrust of the parallel-operated LIMs. The method uses a digital signal processor(TMS320F2812), voltage and current sensors. As a result, thrust, flux and currents of the parallel-operated small LIMs which are manufactured in our laboratory are monitored by the developed measurement system.
Ga-Yeong Kim,Hee-Ryoung Cha,Youn-Kyoung Baek,Young-Kuk Kim,Dong-Hwan Kim,Yang-Do Kim,Jung-Goo Lee 한국자기학회 2020 Journal of Magnetics Vol.25 No.2
Nd in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets was partially substituted by Ce and La for the purpose of reducing the materials cost and balancing the utilization of rare earth resources. Initial melt-spun ribbons with the nominal compositions of (Nd1-xMx)13.6FebalB5.6Ga0.6Co6.6 (x = 0, x = 0.2/M=Ce, x = 0.3/M=Ce, Ce+La, wt.%) were prepared by a single-roller melt-spinning method, and pulverized into powders. The powders were then hot-pressed at 973 K under 100 MPa, and deformed at 973 K until 75 % of height reduction was achieved. The magnetic properties of hot-deformed magnets were decreased with the substitution of Ce for Nd. In addition, simultaneous substitution of Ce and La for Nd resulted in much lower magnetic properties. This tendency was almost the same as initial melt-spun powders. The deterioration on magnetic properties by substation of Ce and La for Nd in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets could be attributed to not only inferior intrinsic properties of (Ce/La)₂Fe14B to Nd₂Fe14B phase but also the effect of Ce/La substitution on microstructure such as density and grain alignment during hot-deformation. Although the magnetic properties were deteriorated by substitution of Ce and La for Nd in hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets, the cost performance was largely enhanced from 2.32 to 2.62 MGOe×kg/$ by 13 % when increasing the content of Ce substituted for Nd from 0 to 0.3 wt.%.
발작성 심방 세동에서 지속성 심방 세동으로 진행 및 예후 예측인자
김지은 ( Ji Eun Kim ),이기홍 ( Ki Hong Lee ),이승헌 ( Seunghun Lee ),박혁진 ( Hyukjin Park ),김현국 ( Hyun Kuk Kim ),김성수 ( Sung Soo Kim ),정해창 ( Hae Chang Jeong ),조재영 ( Jae Yeong Cho ),박근호 ( Keun-Ho Park ),심두선 ( Doo 대한내과학회 2015 대한내과학회지 Vol.88 No.6
Background/Aims: Significant numbers of patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) proceed to persistent AF and have poor clinical outcomes despite the use of antiarrhythmic agents or direct-current cardioversion. We compared the CHADS2, CHA2DS2- VASc, and HATCH scoring systems to predict AF progression and prognosis and identify the most useful scoring system in Korea. Methods: A total of 559 consecutive patients with paroxysmal symptomatic AF were analyzed. The progression of AF and clinical outcomes were determined after at least 1 year of follow-up. Clinical outcomes were defined as the composite of death, hospitalization due to heart failure, and new-onset stroke. Each score was calculated, and its predictive accuracy for AF progression and prognosis was compared. Results: A total of 147 patients with paroxysmal AF (26.3%) proceeded to persistent AF. The HATCH score (area under the curve [AUC], 0.601; p < 0.001) was the most powerful scoring system for the prediction of AF progression, although the CHADS2 (AUC, 0.565) and CHA2DS2-VASc (AUC, 0.558) were also useful. The CHA2DS2-VASc (AUC, 0.734; p < 0.001) was the most powerful scoring system for the prediction of clinical outcomes with a more significant linear correlation (0: 3.3% vs. 1: 6.3% vs. 2: 15.4% vs. 3: 20.7% vs. 4: 18.0% vs. 5: 53.6% vs. ≥ 6: 55.6%, linear p < 0.001) than the CHADS2 (AUC, 0.720) and HATCH scoring systems (AUC, 0.723). Conclusions: Although the CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HATCH scoring systems were useful predictors of progression from paroxysmal to persistent AF, the CHA2DS2-VASc score was the most useful and accurate for the prediction of clinical outcomes. (Korean J Med 2015;88:672-679)
Rapid Prototyping으로 제작한 3D Medical Model의 오차 측정에 관한 연구 - 임상적용 가능성 및 사례
최진영(Jin Young Choi),최정호(Jung Ho Choi),김남국(Nam Kuk Kim),이종기(Jong Ki Lee),김명기(Myeng Ki Kim),김명진(Myung Jin Kim),김영호(Yeong Ho Kim) 대한구강악안면외과학회 1999 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.25 No.4
Presented in this paper are the experimental results that measure rapid prototyping (RP) errors in 3D medical models. We identified various factors that can cause dimensional errors when producing RP models, specifically in maxillofacial areas. For the experiment, we used a human dry skull. A number of linear measurements based on landmarks were first obtained on the skull. This was followed by CT scanning, 3D model reconstruction, and RP model fabrication. The landmarks were measured again on both the reconstructed models and the physical RP models, and these were compared with those on dry skull. We focused on major sources of errors, such as CT scanning, conversion from CT data to STL models, and RP model fabrication. The results show that the overall error from skull to RP is 0.64±0.36㎜(0.71±0.66%) in absolute value. This indicates that the RP technology can be acceptable in the real clinical applications. A clinical case that has applied RP models successfully for treatment planning and surgical rehearsal is presented. Although the use of RP models is rare in the medical area yet, we believe RP is promising in that it has a great potential in developing new tools which can aid diagnosis, treatment planning, surgical rehearsal, education, and so on.