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랭보의 詩作品속에서 「물」의 이마쥬 : Memoire와 Larme를 中心으로
徐連善 慶尙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.19 No.2
Chez Rimbaud, la creation poetique n'est jamais une activite marginale, une production "litteraire" aisement dissociable d'une situation individuelle. Son oevre doit au contraire se concevoir comme un progres, un approfondissement tout a la fois humain et litteraire. Apres le flot de furure et de violence que provoque le spectacle de la repression, Rimbaud finit par ecrire "lettre du VOYANT". Le nouvel objectif qu'on y voit est la VOYANCE et la nouvelle mothode est le "long, immense et raisonne dereglement de tous les sens". Rimbaud, qui condamne a l'avance ses "reves"(Ophelie) et qui, au moment or il experimente la theorie du Voyant, en decrit deja les desillusions (Bateau ivre), semble-t-il, va lentement constater ses illusions, la sterilite de son projet et douter en plus de sa force. Il est indiscutable que bien de ses oeuvres se ramenent a la femme et quelques unes desquelles relevent plus particulierement du probleme des rapports avec sa mere : fixation maternelle. La haine et le mepris qu'il glisse de la femme revient sur sa condamnation, sur la Societe rendue responsable de la condition feminine. Cete violence peut paraitre bien facile : il a bien le sentiment d'avor ete vole, d'avoir ete depossede. C'est qu'il range toutes incarnations de l'Ordre, toutes repressions de l'instinct, donc de la vie. Mer et riviere, larmes humaines et eaux de la nature se trouvent nettement divisees dans l' univers de Rimbaud. Nulle part la purification, cete fonction pourtant primordiale de l'ear, n'est associee a l'eau douce. Au contraire, Rimbaud la juge impure et indigne du poete. Rimbaud reduit le theme de l'eau a une essence simple, l'eau et les oppositions: eau et or, eau ou sokf servant en realite a etablir une comparasion entre deux joies et deux etats. La soif figure pour Rimbaud en quelque sorte l'appetit pri; satisfaire la soif et s'avandonner a la Nature, ce sont des gestes complementaire: des acceptations de la realite. La defense de boire atteint le poete dans sa faculte creatrice. Alors il rompre avec la riviere dans MEMOIRE. Dans LARME il confronte l'eau salee avec l'eau douce; C'est un adieu au bord de l'Oise, a l'eau de la riviere elle-meme: Jeune Oise, c'est la jeunesse intolerable du poete. Les pleurs et la mer, le deuil et les images maritimes s'associent tout naturellement chez Rimbaud. Leur amertumes les unit et le sel figure pour lui comme le cristallisation sensible de l'amertume. Degouts, larmes ou mer, ces themes aspirent en definitive a un seul but: la purification du poete. L'espoir en une nouvelle vie est indissolublement lie avec la revolte contre une societe dechue, etouffante. puisque le triste horizon familial et social d'ici bas l'a prive de l'amour humain, la valeur fondamentale dans cette "vrai vie" sera l'Amour universel. Malgre le desil constant chez Rimbaud de se resider dans un mouvement universel, de generaliser son entreprise, force lui sera de constater qu'il ne travaille pas fondamentalement pour l'humanite. L'entreprise du Voyant se fondait en effet sur des mouvements bien contradictoires. Rimbaud semble marquer qu'il n'a pu rencontrer cet "au dela" or reside peut-etre l'inconnu et qui suppose undegagement plus radical.
박혜연,전소분,김선아,정금선,조종기,송근호,이영원 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
A two years old intact female Minature Schnauzer was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University with an intermittent seizure by traffic accident. No specific finding was found by radiography and computer tomography (CT). Hematologic and blood chemical examination revealed that PCV (62.5%), BUN (72.6 mg/dl), CK (1769 U/l), ALT (169 U/l) and ALP (353 U/l) were increased. This dog was recovered by medical treatment.
D-Amphetamine이 니코틴성 흥분작용에 의한 카테콜아민 분비작용에 미치는 영향
임건한,서유석,민선영,임지연,김용직,나광문,임동윤 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2005 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.30 No.1
본 연구의 목적은 d-arphetamine이 흰쥐의 적출부신 관류모델에서 니코틴 수용체 흥분에 의한 카테콜아민(CA) 유리작용에 미치는 영향을 검색하여 그 작용기전을 규명하고자 하였다. D-amphetamine은 흰쥐 부신정맥내로 60분간 관류시 d-amphetamine자체는 약한 CA 분비작용을 나타내었으나, d-amphetamine (30 μM)을 비롯한 강력한 neuronal nicotine 수용체 작용제인 cytisine (50 μM) 및 epibatidine (30 μM)에 의한 CA 유리작용을 처음 4-10분 동안만 유의하게 증강시켰다. 또한, d-amphetamine (30 μM)은 60분간 부신정맥 내로 관류한 상태에서 dihydropyridine L-형 칼슘통로 개방약물인 Bay-K-8644 (10 μM)과 세포질내 칼슘저장고에서 Ca^(2+) ATPase 억제제인 cyclopiazonic acid (10 μM)의 CA 유리작용을 처음 4분간만 유의하게 증강시켰다. 그러나, 고농도의 d-amphetamine (500 μM)은 상기한 모든 분비촉진제의 CA분비작용을 오히려 억제하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과로 보면, 흰쥐 관류 부신수질에서 d-amphetamine은 낮은 농도에서는 콜린성 니코틴 수용체 흥분에 의한 카테콜아민 분비반응을 증강시키지만, 고농도에서는 오히려 억제적으로 작용함을 시사한다. 따라서, d-amphetamine은 용량에 따라서 흰쥐 적출 관류부신수질의 니코틴 수용체의 작용제 및 길항제로 이중 작용(dual action)을 나타내는 것으로 생각된다. 이러한 d-amphetamine의 작용은 흰쥐 부신수질 크롬친화세포의 dihydropyridine계 L-형 칼슘통로의 활성화 및 세포 내 칼슘저장고로부터 칼슘유리작용과 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료된다. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of d-amphetamine on CA release evoked by nocotinic receptor stimulation from the isolated perfused model of the rat adrenal gland, and to establish its mechanism of action. D-amphetamine(30 μM), when perfused into an adrenal vein of the rat adrenal gland for 60 min, enhanced the CA secretory responses evoked by ACh (5.32 mM), nicotine (30 μM), cytisine (50 μM, a selective neuronal nicotinic Nn-receptor agonist) and epibatidine (30 nM, a selective neuronal nicotinic Nn receptor agonist) only for the first period (4~10 min), although it alone has weak effect on CA secretion. Moreover, d-amphetamine (30 μM) in to an adrenal vein for 60 min also augmented the CA release evoked by BAY-K-8644, an activator of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca^(2+) channels, and cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of cytoplasmic Ca^(2+) ATPase only for the first peroid (4 min). However, in the presence rather inhibited the CA secretory responses evoked by the above all of secretagogues. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that d-amphetamine at a low concentration enhances the CA secretion from the rat adrenal medulla evoked by stimulation of cholinergic nicotininc receptors, but at a high concentration it rather inhibits them. It semms that d-amphetamine has dual action acting as both agonist and antagonist at nicotinic receptors of the isolated perfused rat adrenal medulla, which are might be dependent on the concentration. It is also thought that these actions of d-amphetamine are probably relevant to the activation of the dihydropyridine L-type Ca^(2+) channels located on the rat adrenomedullary chromaffin cell membrane and release of Ca^(2+) from the cytoplasmic store.
서연호,서혜경,문선혜,박노부,이용오 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1993 계명의대학술지 Vol.12 No.2
저자등은 악교정수술후에 발생하는 희귀성향에 관한 연구를 위하여 계명대학교 의과대학 치과학교실에 내원하여 하악전돌증으로 진단되어 하악후퇴술을 받은 7명의 환자를 대상으로 하여 수술전, 후의 경조직의 변화를 계측, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 수술직후 Gn(H)는 평균 8.2mm 후방이동되었고 SNB는 평균 4.4 감소하였다. SNB는 장기간 경과후 수술직후보다 평균 0.9 증가되었으며 21.1%의 희귀율을 나타내었다. Gn(H)는 장기간 경과후 수술직후보다 6례에서 평균 1.3mm 전방희귀되었으며 나머지 1례에서 4mm 후방이동되었다. SN-MP 및 gonial angle 은 장기간 경과후 수술 직후보다 각각 평균 2.2 ,5.8 증가되었다. Gn(V)는 장기간 경과후 수술직후와 비교하여 변화가 없는 경우가 4례, 증가 2례, 감소 1례로 나타났다. 상하악 중절치는 장기간 경과후 수술직후보다 각각 순측 혹은 설측으로 경사되었다. This study was undertaken to examine relapse tendency after mandibular setback. Seven cases were selected from patients who underwent orthodontic treatment and mandibular setback surgery in our department. The serial lateral cephalogram of each patient were obtained and analyzed: The result were as follows; 1. By operation, Gn(H) moved backward (average 8.2mm), SNB angle decreased(average 4.4˚). 2. When the long term follow-up measurements were compared with the immediate postop, mesurements. ·SNB angle increased on average by 0.9˚and relapse tate was 21.1%. ·GN(H) returned foward on average by 1.3mm in 6 cases, moved backward by 4mm in 1 case. ·SN-MP and gonial angle increased on average by 2.2˚, 5.8˚respectively. ·Gn(V) stayed unchanged in 4 cases, increased in 2 cases, decreased in 1 case. ·Upper and lower incisors slightly moved labially or lingually.
C.G.에디터 '그림판'을 활용한 초등 그래픽디자인 교육 연구 : 표현영역의 수업지도안과 현장 적용사례 제시 중심으로
손연석,우선화,이명옥,신명순 광주교육대학교 초등교육연구소 2001 初等敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1
The change of design situation according to the changes of recent communication means requires a change of design education and using computer in design education is very natural phenomenon, and most of design works are performed on computer screen which is cyber space. Considering such a change and requirement of the times and the direction of design education, the introduction of computer in art education of elementary school is compulsory and the application of computer should be started from the concept of CAI (Computer assisted instruction). That is, as 'crayon' and 'mud' are the object of art education, it is not to teach 'computer' but to us it as the means in expressing children's self and its technique and it is desirable that C.G. is applied to the various areas as the instrument to help the children's expression rather than its introduction as independent expression area at elementary art education, but this study limits the range of research to computer application to graphic design of design area (decorating and making) which is assumed to be effective in its uses based on the figurative features of C.G.. Therefore this study suggests teaching guide and field application cases of expression areas as the learning method using 'picture board' of C.G. editor of Hangul window which children can access and use easily as an alternative for elementary graphic design education using computer media corresponding to the changes of the times and then it expects that elementary school teachers use the cases presented in this research and it plays the role of guide for teachers assisting textbook research. To summarize the results of this research, the use of computer induces children to participate and concentrate on class by enhancing their interest in class in the process of motivation and the class applying design process achieves the effective art class escaping from function centered teaching method of computer and children who don't like art class use the various functions easily and have joy and confidence by making a work in cooperative relations with classmates. Most of children learn the basic functions and elements, and basic knowledge of design through design process and makes the works of high perfection by using colors and shapes suitable to topic. In conclusion, children can approach the use of C.G. in graphic design education of elementary design area and in its learning effects, it has reverse function compared to conventional media, but since it can interact with learners according to program contents and offer learning environment according to learner's development level and cognitive ability, it confirms the potential to achieve the learning effects by inducing children's interest and concern in learning.
CD ROM을 이용한 교육프로그램이 단기입원수술 환자의 수술 전 불안과 수술 후 자가간호 수행을 위한 지식에 미치는 효과
황연자,박연환,박인선,김남이,김정미,김진영 성인간호학회 2004 성인간호학회지 Vol.16 No.1
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of nursing education using a CD ROM on the anxiety and knowledge of the patients having minor surgery. Method: Forty patients hospitalized in K hospital in Seoul from April to August 2002 participated in this study. In the experimental group, twenty patients received nursing education on the operational procedures and post-operational care. The control group, received conventional nursing care only. Anxiety experienced by patients was measured by Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and knowledge was measured by an instrument developed by Rahe et al. The data were analyzed by SPSS statistical program. Result: There were no significant differences in anxiety level between two groups. However, subjects in the experimental group were found to have significantly higher postoperative knowledge levels than those in the control group, and were very satisfied with the CD ROM program. Conclusion: The nursing education program using CD ROM before minor surgery proved to be an effective nursing intervention to increase knowledge of patients and contribute to their self care after discharge. To decrease anxiety of the surgery, the nursing education program should be combined with supprortive emotional nursing intervention, such as touch, and massage.
중합효소연쇄반응을 통해 확진되고 Atovaquone과 Azithromycin으로 치료한 Human Babesiosis 1예
윤기태,김연아,구남수,김준형,정세진,김홍정,송경호,최유경,신소연,김영근,김명수,박윤선,최준용,송영구,김준명 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.5
저자들은 국내에서 처음으로 중합효소연쇄반응 검사를 통하여 B. microti에 의한 인체 바베시오시를 진단하였으며, atovaquone과 azithromycin 병합요법을 사용하여 치유한 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Human babesiosis is a tick-borne infectious disease caused by Babesia species. The clinical diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms like flu. Rapid diagnosis of human babesiosis is microscopic examination in peripheral blood smear (Giemsa-stain) which reveals characteristic forms of an intracellular quadruplet parasite. But differentiation between Babesia microti and Plasmodium species can be quite difficult because of the morphologic similarity. We experienced a case of human babesiosis. The patient was a 62-year old Korean male who had been in New Jersey, U.S.A for 2 months. We initially diagnosed as malaria infection because the peripheral blood smear revealed intracellular single ring form organism. But the patient was not improved significantly by the treatment with chloroquine regimen. Finally we confirmed human babesiosis by polymerase chain reaction for Babesia microti. We treated the patient successfully with a regimen of atovaquone and azithromycin which has fewer adverse reactions than a regimen of clindamycin and quinine.
EVR(Embedded Variable Rate)코텍을 위한 광대역 음성부호화기 설계
이인성,오연선 충북대학교 컴퓨터정보통신 연구소 2005 컴퓨터정보통신연구 Vol.13 No.1
본 논문에서는 대역분할 광대역 음성부호화기의 구조와 음질향상을 위한 새로운 고대역 구조를 제안한다. 대역분할 방식에 의해 저대역(0~4kHz)과 고대역(4~8kHz) 음성신호로 나누어 각각 G.729E와 MLT (Modulated Lapped Transform) 여기모델을 적용하여 서로 독립된 방식으로 부호화한다. 고대역에서의 MLT 여기모델은 효율적인 코딩을 위하여 유성음과 무성음을 구별하였고 유성음에는 저대역 피치주기를 이용한 MLT peak picking방법을 적용하였다. 즉, MLT변환된 여기신호는 주기적인 피크를 갖는 주기신호로 나타나며 이때의 피크값을 추출하고 양자화하여 전송한다. 저대역 피치주기는 피크의 위치정보를 필요로 하지 않으므로 비트의 이득을 볼 수 있다. 무성음에 대해서는 에너지 값에 따라 비트를 달리 적용하는 선형예측 스펙트럴 응답이 가중된 MLT 벡터양자화 방법을 적용하였다. 이와 같이 각각의 특성에 적합한 효율적인 양자화 방법으로 4kbps의 고대역 성능을 향상시켰다. 제안된 방법을 적용한 15.8kbps 음성부호화기는 A-B테스트를 통한 주관적 음질평가에서 G.722.2의 8.85kbps보다 4.1% 높은 선호도를 보였다. In this paper, the structure of a split bandwidth wideband speech coder and its highband coder for tone quality elevation are proposed. The lowband and highband of the split bandwidth method are encoded independently applying the G.729E and MLT(Modulated Lapped Transform) residual model. In the highband structure, the MLT residual signals are distinguished to voice and unvoice signal for efficient coding. The voice signals are applied to MLT peak picking by lowband pitch period. Transformed MLT residual signals are represented by periodic signal that have periodic peak. The unvoice signals are applied to MLT that linear prediction spectral response is added and do vector quantization. These methods improved performance by suitable efficient quantization in each special quality. The proposed 15.8kbps coder yields better performance in subject voice quality evaluation than a 8.85kbps coder of G.722.2
열처리 조건이 시금치의 이화학적 특성 및 영양 조성에 미치는 효과
이지선, 황인국, 유선미, 민상기, 김광일, 조연지, 최미정 忠北大學校 農業科學硏究所 2015 農業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.1
This study investigated the effect of thermal treatment (blanching) conditions on the physicochemical and nutritional properties of spinach. For thermal treatments, fresh spinach was treated by three blanching methods including boiled water, steam and pan frying treatments. At the varying time intervals of treatments, pH, color, shear force, proximate composition, organic acid content, peroxidase activity and microbial counts were evaluated. The pH of all treatments tended to increase with increasing blanching time, however, no significant differences among treatments were obtained. The shear force of spinach decreased with blanching time, particularly hot water treatment showed the rapid decrease in the shear force of spinach. The lightness of spinach showed similar pattern with shear force. For proximate compositions, the highest moisture content was found in hot water treatment, while crude protein and ash were highest in steam treatment. Due to the usage oil, pan frying treatment involved in the highest lipid content. The organic acid content treatment was in the order of hot water, pan frying and steam treatment. The thermal treatments attributed to low total plate count of spinach. In addition, thermophilic bacteria, coliform, mold and yeast were not detected in all thermal treatments. Peroxidase activity was lowered by applied thermal treatments. Based on the results, the best blanching condition for spinach was found in steam treatment for 60 s where the spinach showed the minimal changes in physicochemical and nutritional properties of spinach.
전소분,박혜연,김선아,정금선,이영원,박성준,김덕환,송근호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 2004 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.12 No.-
A 10 years old, intact male, Maltese dog with clinical signs of labored respiration, exercise intolerance and increasing of coughing was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Chungnam National University. Physical examination revealed tachycardia, panting and mild cyanosis. This case was diagnosed as mitral valve insufficiency by clinical signs, ascultation, blood chemistry, radiography and electrocardiography. This dog was treated with ACE inhibitor (enalapril), diuretics (furosemide) and bronchodilator (aminophylline) for 14 days. After treatment, clnical signs were disappeared and also this dog was needed to be continuous monitoring and sodium restricted diet.