Lithographically-featured photonic microparticles of colloidal assemblies

Lee, Su Yeon,Kim, Shin-Hyun,Heo, Chul-Joon,Hwang, Hyerim,Yang, Seung-Man Royal Society of Chemistry 2010 Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics Vol.12 No.38

<P>We have described a new and promising strategy for the fabrication of composite and porous photonic crystal microparticles that combines the self-assembly of colloidal particles with photolithography techniques. We fabricated silica/SU-8 composite microparticles with photonic bandgaps <I>via</I> four steps: (1) deposition of the silica colloidal crystals on the photoresist, (2) embedding of the colloidal crystals in the photoresist, (3) UV exposure through a photomask and subsequent development, and (4) release of the microparticles from the substrate. Embedding was performed above the glass transition temperature (<I>T</I><SUB>g</SUB>) of uncrosslinked SU-8. At such temperatures, capillary forces on the silica particles facilitate the migration of colloidal crystals in the SU-8 matrix. Particle migration ceased when the top colloidal crystal layer was trapped at the interface between air and SU-8. In addition, we also prepared porous microparticles with an inverse opaline structure by dissolving the embedded silica particles from the composite structures. The porous microparticles showed enhanced reflectivity at the bandgap position due to the large refractive index contrast. The bandgap position of the microparticles was controlled by the size of the silica particles, which determined the lattice constant. Bilayered composite and porous microparticles with two distinct photonic bandgaps were also prepared by sequential deposition of colloidal crystals composed of two differently sized silica particles.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A new and promising fabrication strategy of photonic crystal microparticles was demonstrated by combining colloidal self-assembly with photolithography. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c0cp00134a'> </P>

도시공원의 연결성, 순환성 및 고립도 분석에 따른 경관생태학적 개선방안

류연수 ( Yeon Su1 Ryu ),이현택 ( Hyun Taek Lee ),나정화 ( Jung Hwa Ra ) 한국환경복원기술학회 2007 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.10 No.6

연령·표상양식·단어유형이 유아산문학습에 미치는 효과

황구연,최민수,정연숙 진주교육대학교 1990 論文集 Vol.34 No.1

The learning activities of young children have been frequently accomplished through the prose materials varied in the form and the structure. The probe passages mean the language activities that explain, describe, and tell about the objects and events in several sentences. It is needed the concrete materials and the method of instruction in order that young children understand the abstract and complex informations and concepts in prose. The materials of instruction for young children's prose learning involve the pictures, the actions, and the written language that are similar or identical with the prose contents. Thus it is possible to study the relations between Bruner's three repersentational modes (enactive, iconic, symbolic) and the young children's prose learning. The main purpose of this study was to present the appropriate instruction media and method in young children's prose learning by investigating the effects of the repersentational modes, the area, and the kinds of word on young children's memory of key words in prose learning. And the other purpose was to give the basic information in selecting the words for instruction throuh the comparison of nouns and adjectives. The hypotheses of this study are as follows: Hypothesis 1. The young children win recall key words differently in ages. Hypothesis 2. The young children win recall key words better in the conditions of enactive representation and iconic representation than in the condition of symbolic representation, Hypothesis 3. The five, six, seven-year-olds will recall more nouns than adjectives. Hypothesis 4. There win be the interaction effect of the ages and the representational modes. Hypothesis 5. There win be the interaction effect of the representational modes and the kinds of word. For subjects in this study, a total of 90 children who know the written language and go to the kindergarten and the elementary school in Guang-Ju, Ma-San were randomly assigned to the three experimental conditone (actions, pictures, witten languages). The experimental instruments were the actions, the 10 pictures, and the 10 cards with the written languages, and the tapes with the prose passages by the experts. Stein's(1978) "Albert Gets Caught" was used for this study as in Jung Yeon-Suk'a paper(1986). The datas were colleted by the response test consisted of ten items that were divided to 0. 1. and 2 degrees by the responses. The collected dates were analized by the repeated 3×3×2 (Ages × Rrpesentational Modes × Kinds of Word) ANOVA. The following findings were obtained: First, the hypothesis 1 was accepted [F(2, 81) = 1.09, p<,01]. The seven-year-olds (the second grades) rememberd key words better then the five-year-olds and the six-year-olds. But the differonce between the memory of the five- year-olds and that of the six-year-olds was not. Second, the hypothesis 2 was accepted [F(2, 51) = 5.56, P<.01]. Namely the significant differences among the conditions of the notions, the pictures, and the written languages were. The means of the three conditions were 6.78, 6.98, 5.92. And be the mean of the iconic repersentation mods was highest. Third, the hypothesis 3 was sccepted [F(1,81) = 39.68. P<.01]. This indicates the main effect of the kinds of word. And this mians that the kinds of word affect the prose learning of the five, six, and seven-year-olds. Forth, the hypothesis 4 was rejected. the degrees in the three representational modes were consistent in disregard of ages. Fifth, the hypothesis 5 was accepted [F(2, 81) = 3.01, P<.10]. The young children remembered relatively well key words of adjectives in the iconic representation mode.

국내외 ‘영아’ 관련 연구물의 최근 동향 분석 : 2000년~2013년 발간 논문을 대상으로

이승연,권수현,권연정,김언경,나영이,유주연,최정아 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2015 교육과학연구 Vol.46 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine research trends in infant research published from 2000 to 2013, in order to understand overall aspects in research topics, methods, and subjects in infant research and to suggest directions for future infant research. A total of 2916 journal articles and theses/dissertations, both domestic and foreign, were selected for the analysis. The findings of this study were as follows: First, for the 14 year period, 737 domestic articles, 634 domestic theses/ dissertations, 1242 foreign articles, and 303 foreign dissertations on infant research were published, and there was a steady increase in the number of articles and theses/dissertations over the years. Second, in terms of research topics, different patterns were found between the domestic ones and the foreign ones; the topic of “education and teachers” in the domestic ones and “development” in the foreign ones occurred most frequently. Third, in terms of research methods, the domestic ones employed “survey” the most, and the foreign ones employed “experiment” the most among quantitative research methods; when analyzing the relation between methods and topics, the foreign ones showed clear matches between topics and research methods, while the domestic ones preferred “survey” regardless of the topics. Fourth, in terms of subjects/participants, “infants” were the most researched in both the domestic ones and the foreign ones, followed by “parent” and “teachers.” Among the infants, the domestic ones focused on 25~36-month olds the most, while the foreign ones focused most on 0~12-month olds. In addition, in all types of infant research, there were more single subject studies than multiple subject ones.

활동이론의 관점에서 바라본 박물관, 커뮤니케이션, 그리고 학습

박지연,이수민,이병준 한국문화교육학회 2011 문화예술교육연구 Vol.6 No.4

Museum is a medium which communicates with previous generation's experiential memories and present generation's cultural memories. Therefore, the communication is a core task in museum. Museum needs mediums like exhibition and education and we have to discuss how to structuralize these things. The museum communication could be explained through the Cultural-Historical Activity Theory(CHAT). The CHAT has been developed by several theorists like Vygotsky. Especially, the third generation's CHAT has been developing by Engeström. It is a worthy theoretical structure that can show museum as a messenger of communication in society and its communication problems. This study is based on the CHAT and analyzes museum in a social activity system and activity system in a museum from micro/macro-scopic view. Also, it produces practical models that connect museum with community art field and museum with schools. 박물관은 앞선 세대의 체험적 기억을 현 세대에게 문화적 기억의 형태로 커뮤니케이션하는 매개체이다. 따라서 박물관에서 소통(communication)이라는 개념은 핵심적인 과제일수 밖에 없다. 박물관은 그 자체로 전시와 교육과 같은 매체(medium)를 필요로 하며 이를 어떻게 구조화할 것인가의 문제가 박물관커뮤니케이션의 측면에서 논의될 필요가 있다. 이러한 거시적, 미시적 차원의 박물관커뮤니케이션의 과제는 비고츠키와 여러 이론가들의 연구성과를 정리하고 발전시킨 활동이론에 의해 잘 설명될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히 Y. Engeström에 의해 발전된 제3세대 활동이론은 사회속에서의 커뮤니케이션의 전달자로서의 박물관과 박물관내에서의 커뮤니케이션의 문제를 잘 드러낼 수 있는 이론체계라고 생각된다. 본 연구는 활동이론에 근거하여 거시적·미시적 관점에서 사회활동시스템 속에서의 박물관과 박물관 내에서의 활동시스템을 분석하고 이를 통해 박물관의 커뮤니케이션을 박물관 내부 활동시스템 간의 네트워크 실천, 박물관과 지역의 예술장(藝術場)이 연계된 네트워크 실천과 박물관과 학교가 연계된 네트워크 실천 모형을 구조화하여 제시하려 한다.

탄소나노튜브/그래핀 기반의 1차원 나노구조체 합성 및 나트륨이온 저장특성평가

김수연, 권중인, 조중상 충북대학교 산업과학기술연구소 2018 산업과학기술연구 논문집 Vol.32 No.2

본문 참조

미다졸람의 비강 내 추가투여가 소아의 경구 진정요법에 미치는 영향

장수영,김지연,박기태 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

Effect of supplementary intranasal midazolam on oral sedation of children The purpose of this study was to compare the cardiopulmonary parameters of two sedation regimens during dental treatment: (1) Oral chloral hydrate(CH) and hydroxyzine(HZ) with nitrous oxide-oxygen(N2O/O2) inhalation( CH-HZ group); (2) Oral chloral hydrate(CH) and hydroxyzine(HZ) with nitrous oxide-oxygen(N2O/O2) inhalation and supplementary intranasal(IN) midazolam administration(MIDA group). Among the patients of OO hospital who received dental treatment under sedation over the past 5 years, 44 patients were selected for each group of CH-HZ and MIDA according to their age, gender and weight. Following parameters that were recorded every 5 minutes were compared: 1) Heart rate(HR) 2) O2 saturation 3) End tidal carbon dioxide concentration(EtCO2) 4) Respiratory rate(RR) 33 patients of Group MIDA who have complete data of 15 minutes before and after supplementary IN midazolam administration were selected. And measurements 15 minutes before and after midazolam administration in same patient were evaluated. The results were as follows: 1. Heart rate was significantly higher in MIDA group than in CH-HZ group, but it was within normal range. 2. Comparing HR, O2 saturation, EtCO2, RR between before and after of supplementary IN midazolam administration in the same patient, the differences were not statistically significant. 이 연구는 소아환자의 경구 진정요법 시 미다졸람의 비강 내 추가 투여가 심폐기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것으로 5 년간 삼성서울병원 소아치과에서 chloral hydrate와 hydroxyzine을 경구투여하고 N2O/O2 inhalation을 추가로 사용한 진정요법으로 치료 받은 환자 중 미다졸람을 추가투여 받은 실험군(MIDA군)과, 미다졸람을 추가 투여하지 않은 대조군 (CH-HZ군)을 각각 44명씩 선정하여 서로 비교하였다. 진정요법 중 5분마다 측정된 1) Heart rate(HR) 2) O2 saturation 3) End tidal carbon dioxide concentration (EtCO2), 4) Respiratory rate(RR)의 평균값을 비교하였다. 또한 동일 환자에서의 미다졸람 투여 전 후의 심폐기능지표의 변화 양상을 평가하기 위해 MIDA군 중에서 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분 이상의 기록이 존재하는 33명을 선정하여 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분 시점의 측정값을 각각 비교하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Heart rate는 미다졸람을 추가 투여한 군에서 유의하게 높았으며 나머지 심폐기능 지표의 측정값들은 차이가 없었다. 두 군의 측정값들은 모두 정상범위 안에 있었다. 2. 동일 환자에서 미다졸람 투여 전 후 15분의 측정값을 비교한 결과 두 시점간에 측정된 값들은 유의한 차이가 없었다.

호텔 고객의 뷔페 메뉴품질 만족도에 관한 연구

최수근,이연정,이진형 한국식생활문화학회 2004 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.19 No.5

This study aims at providing useful information to establish subdivided marketing direction by deriving factors of significant extent and practicable extent of buffet users toward menu quality among super deluxe hotels in Gyeongju, and furthermore aims at presenting implications for efficient management result and sales increase of buffet in the future. The result of positive analysis is as follows. Firstly, in result of analyzing difference between importance and performance of hotel buffet in Gyungju area, importance is much higher than performance. Secondly, respondents consider that the. most important menu of hotel buffet is main dish such as hot food and instant food rather than menu such as beverage, soup and salad. When it comes to attribute of menu quality, it appeared that respondents put highly significant extent on sanitariness of food, freshness of food, flavor of food, and seasonality and variety of menu. Thirdly, oriental instant food is included in the second quadrant of IPA regarding buffet menu which should be intensively managed. And three attributes such as temperature of food, time of changing food, and creativity of menu are included in the second quadrant of IPA graph by attribute of hotel buffet's menu quality. Lastly, in IPA graph by hotel, the following menus of each hotel need to be intensively managed: Oriental instant food of A hotel, Western cold food of B hotel, Oriental instant food, Western instant food, and Oriental dessert of C hotel, and Western porridge·soup, Oriental instant food, and Western instant food of E hotel. The aforementioned menus should be improved.

장구균의 동정에 대한 PCR 방법의 유용성

최연화,이영선,김홍빈,김치경,김봉수 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2

Background : Enterococci are important cause of nosocomial infections. Recently, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) has been increasingly reported as significant nosocomial pathogens. Therefore, accurate identification of enterococcal species is a prerequisite step for the appropriate antibiotic treatment and epidemiologic surveillance. We wanted to know the usefulness of PCR method compared with Vitek automatic identification system. Methods : Totally 105 isolates were identified on the species level by Vitek (GPI card and software version R06.1), methyl-α -D-glucopyranoside test, and PCR methods. Results : Among 105 enterococcal isolates, 59 were identified as E. faecium, 11 E. faecalis, 6 E. gallinarum by Vitek. But 29 isolates (28%) were unidentified. Subsequently all of these isolates were analyzed by PCR, the results of which were as follows : 17 E. faecium, 5 E. casseliflavus, 7 E. gallinarum. Two isolates identified as E. gallinarum by Vitek were reidentified as E. casseliflavus by PCR and other methods far phenotypic characterization. Conclusoin : PCR method was more accurate and sensitive than Vitek for the identification of enterococci species. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:123∼127, 2001)

CORE 편포의 세탁에 따른 열적 특성의 변화

성수광,김연희,권오경 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1992 연구논문집 Vol.45 No.1

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of thermal properties such as warmth retaining and contact warm/cool feeling of a core knitted fabric by repeated washing. Three kinds of knitted fabric such as core, polyester/cotton(P/C), and cotton were repeatedly washed, and then used as specimen. Thermo Labo Ⅱ type was employed to measure the thermal properties of warmth retaining and contact warm/cool feeling. And also, the experimental results were analysed statistically to related the thermal properties and structural properties such as thickness, weight, bulk density, porosity, cover factor, and air permeability. The results are as follows. 1. The warmth retaining and the contact warm/cool feeling were remarkably changed at early washing, and after further washing no changes occured. The change rate of the materials to repeated washing was in the order of cotton>P/C>core knitted fabrics. 2. In case the knitted fabric of the same thickness and of the same weight have been considered, the warmth retaining was in the order of P/C>core cotton knitted fabrics. And also, the contact warm/cool feeling was in reverse order of the warmth retaining. 3. The warmth retaining showed positive correlation with thickness, weight, porosity, and cover factor and negative correlation with bulk density, and air permeability. And also, the contact warm/cool feeling showed an opposite trend to the warmth retaining 4. The warmth retaining and the contact warm/cool feeling were expected by measuring the structural properties such as thickness, weight, bulk density, porosity, cover factor, and air permeability according to the obtained regression equation.