보행속도에 따른 심박수 및 에너지 대사량

홍연표,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1982 中央醫大誌 Vol.7 No.4

In order to search for the methods predicting energy metabolism and estimation of physical fitness as as index of heart rate having smaller measurement error and which would be simple to measure, this study was performed on healthy but unathletic males(aged 20∼25) during 20 minutes walking on a levle treadmill at 6 differentt speeds(2,4,5,6,7 and 9㎞/hr). Heart rate was measured during walking on a level treadmill and in a reating state using the telemeter of Heart Checker 108 System(Senoh Co., Japan). Oxygen uptake and CO_2 output were determined by collecting expired air into Douglas bag during one minute period after 15 minutes of walking, and during 5 miutes at a resting state. The air collected was gauged through a wet test gas meter(Precision Scientific Co., U.S.A.)and analyzed with Orsat gas analyzer(Fisher Co.,U.S.A.)into percentages of oxygen and CO_2. Then, respiratory quotient(R.Q.) and energy metabolism(㎉/hr/㎡)were calculated using caloride table of Zuntz and Schrumberg per body surface area. Oxygen uptake(ml)per kilogram of body weight on a minute at a resting state is defined as 1 Met, and ratios of oxygen uptake during steady state of the walking at 6 different speeds to that at a resting state were calculated. The followings are results obtained from the study: 1. Mean values of heart rate, oxygen uptake and calorie expenditure measured at steady state of each walking speed steadily increased in proportion with thw speed, and the optimal speed of walking was believed to be 4㎞/hr in reviewing rate of increament for these measurement at different speeds. 3. A close linear regressional relationship(y=198.0 x-2.23, r=0.9205:P<0.001)was observed between calorie expenditure(y:㎉/hr/㎡) and oxygen uptake(x:ℓ/min). Qnd these two measurements also showed close linear regressional relationships with heart rate(x: beats/min), the regression being expressed as y=3.62 x-201.9(r=0.8265:P<0.001) for the former, and y=0.0195 x-1.140(rp0.9571:P<0.001) for the latter. 4. Calorie expenditure during walking at a apeed of 2,4,5,6,7 and 9㎞/hr on a level treadmill when expressed in terms of Mets amounted to 2.7(≒2.5), 3.3(≒3.0), 4.1(≒4.0), 5.8(≒6.0),9.0 and 11.8(≒12).

혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

남녀 청소년의 노력성 폐활량 및 1초량의 예측

홍연표,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.4

The forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV_1) were measured employing Collins Survey Spirometer (Warren E. Collins, Inc.) in 206 healthy male and 196 female students attending middle and high schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged between 12-17 years. The age, height and body weight of each subject were recorded and body surface area, and the ratio of one-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV_1/FVC (%)) were calculated. FVC and FEV_1 show linear increment with age and anthropometric variables except that in females a decrement instead of an increment was observed after 16 years of age. The correlations between FVC, FEV, and FEV_1/FVC(%) on one hand and age and anthropometric variables on the other were calculated. It was found that both FVC and FEV_1 had close correlationship with age and anthropometric variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to correlate the FVC and FEV_1 with age and anthropometric variables. The results showed that both FVC and FEV_1 give the significant regression with age and anthropometric variables in both sexes. FVC and FEV_1 have larger significant regression coefficients and smaller SEE (standard error of estimate) with age, height and body weight in male and with age and height or age, height and body weight in female than other equations. FEV_1/FVC(%) has negative correlation coefficients with body weight but small and mean percentage of FEV_1/FVC(%) were found to be 91.3±5.48% in male and 93.3±5.23% in female. There is no statistical difference in FEV_1/FVC(%) between male and female in all age groups except 13 years of age group.

정신보건법의 주요 쟁점 조항에 대한 선진국과의 사례 비교

홍진표,황순찬,박수빈,서동우,정은기,김진학,박종익,안주연,김수정,장홍석 大韓神經精神醫學會 2009 신경정신의학 Vol.48 No.2

Objectives The Mental Health Act is an initiative aimed at changing and shaping mental health services and protecting human rights of persons with mental disorders. Since the Mental Health Act was legislated in 1995, four amendments have been made according to the issues that arose from public concerns. However, there are still many debates about the human rights protection of the mentally iII. This study aimed to provide information regarding major aspects of the Mental Health Act by comparing them among several developed countries. Methods Current Mental Health Acts of the state of Michigan in the United States, Scotland in England, the state of Victoria in Australia, and Japan were reviewed. Issues regarding the Korean Mental Health Act were collected from seminar materials, news media contents, and mental health professionals Results The definition of subjects in Korean Mental Health Act was more inclusive than other countries and was derived from a medical classification of mental illness. Family members or guardians were granted important responsibilities for deciding the involuntary admission of mentally ill patients in Korea and Japan. In Western countries, Mental Health Review Tribunals or courts have the primary responsibility for important decisions about mentally ill patients. The regulation of immediate dis- charge after request by voluntarily admitted patients was not enacted in all countries except Korea. The mandatory procedure for involuntary admission in Western countries includes an individual case review with personal interview by a Mental Health Review Tribunal or court. Conclusion The Korean Mental Health Act appears to meet the basic standards of Guidelines from international organizations. Our traditional culture and inherent health systems seem to influence the legal regulation of mental health service and might be related to the problems of human rights protection of mentally ill patients in Korea.

일부 한국인의 혈중 Polychlorinated Biphenyls(PCBs)

장임원,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1992 中央醫大誌 Vol.17 No.1

The blood polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) were measured by a capillary gas chromatography(Shimadzu Corp., Kyoto, Japan) in 24 females and 53 males Korean aged 10 to 76 years old with on known expousre to PCBs. There were 10 isomers of PCBs. The blood PCBs showed lower than 3.5 ppb which 1.04±0.53 ppb in female and 1.04±0.59 ppb in male, respectively, and left skewed log-normally distribution.

치과진료실에서의 감염방지 대책에 관한 조사

윤미숙,홍연표,정연강 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 1997 중앙간호논문집 Vol.1 No.2

To investigate on infection control in some dental clinics in korea. This study was performed on 300 hygienists who are registered on the association of korea dental hygienist and work at dental clinics from November to December, 1995. Each subjects completed the questionnaire which compased of place of employment of dental hygienist, location of clinics, number of outpatients, educational experience about infection control of dental hygienist on infection control and age of dentists as independent varianbles and use of sterilization methods and protection devices as dependent variables. Data Was expressed as percentage and anlayzed as chi-square method using SPSS/PC + 4.0. There was a significant higher performance rate in use of sterilization methods and protection devices in dental clinics of general hospital than private and public dental clinics. There was no difference in use of sterilization methods and protection devices according to location, number of outpatients of dental clinics and age of dentists. In case of dental hygienists who getting educational experience about infection control, the rate of use of sterilization methods and protective devices was higher than no educational experience. This results suggested that the education about infection control and the follow-up study to investigate he causes of low performance in use sterilizsation methods and protective devices in dental clinics was needed.

학동기에서 청년초기까지의 노력성 폐활량 및 1초량의 예측

정규철,안철민,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1991 中央醫大誌 Vol.16 No.3

Forced vital capacity(FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV_1) were measured in 473 males and 413 females aged 8 to 21 years old who were healthy, non-smoking and attending school in Seoul with Collins Survey Spirometer(Warren E. Collins, Inc., U.S.A.). The results were as follows; 1. Prediction equations for FVC and FEV_1 were best expressed in a form of linear regression as a function of height, respectively, for a group of children aged 8 to 12 years, whereas as a function of age, height and weight for those older than 13 years both in males and females. 2. Mean difference between the measured and predicted values in each age group ranged 86 ml(1.1%)∼-54 ml(2.4%) for FVC and 167 ml(3.1%)∼-110 ml(3.2%) for FEV_1 in males and 86 ml(4.3%)∼-97 ml(4.6%) for FVC and 91 ml(1.7%)∼-125 ml(5.9%) for FEV_1 in females. 3. Mean one second rate (FEV_1%) were found to be 91.3±5.0 % aged 8 to 21 years in males and 93.5±4.8 % aged 8 to 19 years in females. There was a highly significant difference in FEV_1% aged 8 to 19 years between male and female (p<0.001).

Trichloroethylene의 대사 및 간독성에 diethyldithiocarbamate가 미치는 영향

최병선,박정덕,홍연표 大韓産業醫學會 2002 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.14 No.3

목적 : 이 연구는 TCE 급성 폭로시 TCE의 대사 및 급성 독성작용과 diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC)가 TCE의 독성 작용에 미치는 영향을 밝히기 위하여 시행하였다. 방법 : Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 쥐를 DDTC로 전처리한 군과 saline으로 처리한 군으로 나누고, 여러 농도(600, 1,200, 2,400 ㎎/㎏ body weight)의 TCE을 경구투여한 후 12시간에서 체내 각 조직의 TCE 및 TCE 대사물의 농도와 조직병리학적 변화소견을 관찰하였다. 결과 : CYP2E1 효소는 DDTC를 전처리 한 군에서 현저하게 감소하였으며, TCE만 투여한 군에서는 투여량이 증가함에 따라 CYP2E1이 유의하게 증가하여 TCE이 CYP2E1을 유도하는 것을 알 수 있었다. TCE와 TCEOH이 체내 농도는 간에서 가장 높았고, TCA의 농도는 혈액에서 가장 높게 나타났다. DDTC로 전처리한 군에서는 TCE 체내 농도가 TCE만 투여한 군보다 현저하게 높게 나타났고, TCA와 TCEOH의 농도는 현저하게 감소하여, DDTC가 TCE의 대사를 현저하게 억제함을 알 수 있었다. 조직병리학적 소견으로 볼 때, TCE 투여군에서만 간 중심소엽에 국소적인 괴사가 관찰되었고, DDTC 전처리후 TCE 투여군에서는 아무런 임상소견도 관찰할 수 없었다. 결론 : DDTC는 TCE에 의한 급성 간독성에 보호효과가 있는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 DDTC가 TCE의 대사를 억제하기 때문인 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the trichloroethylene(TCE)metabolism, acute toxicity, and the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate(DDTC)on the acute toxicity in TCE-intoxicated rats. Methods: TCE was administered orally at doses of 600, 1,200 and 2,400 ㎎/㎏ of DDTC. 12 hours after administration of TCE, the concentrations of TCE. trichloroacetic acid (TCA) and trichloroethanol(TCEOH) in the blood and solid organs, and the histopathological changes in each organ were examined. Results: The level of CYP2E1 markedly decreased in the DDTC-pretreated groups. The CYP2E1 content in the TCE-treated rats increased in a dose-dependent manner. The concentrations of TCE and TCEOH, than the rats pretreated with saline. These findings indicated that CYP2E1 was important in the metabolism of TCE. From the histopathological findings, centrilobular necrosis was observed in the livers of the TCE-treated rats, but no significant change was found in those rats pretreated with DDTC. Conclusions: DDTC is considered to be effective in protecting TCE-induced hepatic damage because it inhibits the TCE metabolism.

여자대학생의 최대유산소 작업능

한태현,정규철,홍연표 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1984 中央醫大誌 Vol.9 No.3

This study was designed to obtain data to evaluate the maximal aerobic work capacity for young female adult. Heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy cost for treadmill walking at different speed of 2, 4, 6 and 8㎞/hr with different grade of inclination were measured on 45 female college students aged from 18 to 22 years old. Maximal oxygen uptake were also measured on 25 subjects, comparing with the predicted values of them. Heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy cost treadmill walking increased with both speed of walking and grade of inclination. Maximal heart rate was 188.9±7.50 beat/min which amounted to 2.4 times of that at rest. Maximal oxygen uptake and energy cost were 40.0±6.59 ml/㎏/min and 12.1±1.85㎉/㎏/hr, respectively, which amounted to approximately 11 mets: 1 met was 3.8±0.69ml/㎏/min in terms of oxygen uptake or 1.1±0.17㎉/㎏/hr in terms of energy cost. There was an intimate correlation between oxygen uptake and energy cost with correlation coefficient of r=0.9761 (p<0.01). Simple linear regression of energy cost on oxygen uptake was expressed as E (㎉/hr)=6.56±0.290VO_2 (1/min) with standard error of the estimate S_y\z=±36.1㎉/hr. A liter of oxygen uptake was equivalent to 4.94㎉/min of energy cost. Both oxygen uptake and energy cost per unit body weight showed close correlations with heart rate with correlation coefficients of r=0.8623 (p<0.01) and r=0.8442 (p<0.01), respectively. Simple linear regressions of heart rate on oxygen uptake and energy cost on heart rate were expressed as HR (beat/min)=91.7 2.47 VO_2(1/㎏/min), 91.7 2.47 VO_2(1/㎏/min), and HR (beat/min)=93.8±8.03E(㎉/㎏/hr), respectively. It was concluded that the maximal aerobic work capacity for the young female adult could be evaluated by the regression equation of heart rate on oxygen uptake or on energy cost. Individual maximal aerobic work capacity could be assessed as "ordinary" when her heart rate during submaximal work was within the range of predicted heart rate±1 standard error of the estimate(HR_calc, ±S_y\z), as "superior" below HR_calc, ±S_y\z, and as "poor" above HR_calc, ±S_y\z.