혈액 내 구리, 아연 및 ceruloplasmin 농도에 흡연, 음주 및 신체적 활동이 미치는 영향

홍연표,강은용,신인철,최병선,박정덕,장임원,박진완 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Objectives : To investigate the influence of smoking, alcohol ingestion, and physical activity on copper and zinc in RBC and serum and serum ceruloplasmin, this study was performed in a cross-sectional study in 113 healthy men aged 20 to 40 years who had no symptomatic liver, heart, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases. Methods : At the men's entry into the study, blood samples were drawn from each subject and immediately centrifuged for analysis of copper, zinc, iron, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, and hematocrit. Each man completed a questionnaire that provided information on smoking, amount of alcohol intake, and physical activity. Partial regression analysis was performed on confounding variables such as age, body mass index, hematocrit, serum cholesterol, and serum iron. Results : In general linear models, adjustment for confounding variables did not show statistical differences, and there was only an increasing tendency in serum copper in heavy smoker(P=0.0678). There was no difference between high physical activity with mild smokers and lower physical with heavy smokers. Conclusions : This study suggested that copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin were not good biomarker for early effect by smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity in young adult. However, selection bias should be considered in evaluation of this result, and a large prospective study will be needed in advance on usefulness of copper, zinc and ceruloplasmin as a marker for risk factors and early change of atherosclerosis.

남녀 청소년의 노력성 폐활량 및 1초량의 예측

홍연표,정규철 중앙대학교 의과대학 의과학연구소 1989 中央醫大誌 Vol.14 No.4

The forced vital capacity (FVC) and one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV_1) were measured employing Collins Survey Spirometer (Warren E. Collins, Inc.) in 206 healthy male and 196 female students attending middle and high schools in Seoul. Their ages ranged between 12-17 years. The age, height and body weight of each subject were recorded and body surface area, and the ratio of one-second forced expiratory volume to forced vital capacity (FEV_1/FVC (%)) were calculated. FVC and FEV_1 show linear increment with age and anthropometric variables except that in females a decrement instead of an increment was observed after 16 years of age. The correlations between FVC, FEV, and FEV_1/FVC(%) on one hand and age and anthropometric variables on the other were calculated. It was found that both FVC and FEV_1 had close correlationship with age and anthropometric variables. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to correlate the FVC and FEV_1 with age and anthropometric variables. The results showed that both FVC and FEV_1 give the significant regression with age and anthropometric variables in both sexes. FVC and FEV_1 have larger significant regression coefficients and smaller SEE (standard error of estimate) with age, height and body weight in male and with age and height or age, height and body weight in female than other equations. FEV_1/FVC(%) has negative correlation coefficients with body weight but small and mean percentage of FEV_1/FVC(%) were found to be 91.3±5.48% in male and 93.3±5.23% in female. There is no statistical difference in FEV_1/FVC(%) between male and female in all age groups except 13 years of age group.

카드뮴중독의 조기진단을 위한 생물학적 지표탐색 : 요중 Metallothionein 배설량의 의의

홍연표,장임원,박정덕 大韓産業醫學會 1997 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.9 No.2

Metallothionein(MT) is a low molecular weight protein that is induced as a defence mechanism for cadmium(Cd) toxicity. In present study, urinary MT was determined using a competitive ELISA in Cd-exposed rats. In addition, measured the urinary, blood and renal Cd concentration and the urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-microglobulin(MG) and Nacetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase(NAG) at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 days after Cd injection in Cd-exposed rats with doses of 0.8 and 1.6㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight, respectively. The urinary, blood and renal Cd were specific for Cd-exposure, that increased in proportional to dose of Cd. The urinary and blood Cd tended to slightly decrease, while renal Cd tended to increase by lapse of time after Cd exposure. This finding indicates that renal Cd is more specific than urinary and blood Cd for Cd exposure. The urinary excretion of MT showed a statistically significant increase in Cd exposed rats(0.8 and 1.6 ㎎ Cd/㎏ body weight). The increase of urinary excretion of MT was more evident at 7, 14, 28 days after Cd exposure than the changes of urinary excretion of total protein, β₂-MG and NAG. The Pearson's correlation coefficients between urinary Cd and urinary MT, β₂-MG, NAG and total protein were 0.4344, 0.3727, 0.3307 and 0.2099, respectively. These findings indicate that the urinary MT is more sensitive and specific than total protein, β₂-MG and nag for Cd exposure. The present results suggest that the urinary MT, using a simple and rapid competitive ELISA, is a valuable index and screening test in epidemiologic study for Cd exposed group.

身體 微細畸形 및 産科的 合倂症과 精神分裂症의 家族歷

홍경수,주연호,김용식,신철진,강웅구,이중서,정희연,주은정 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.4

저자들은 정신분열병의 일부에서는 태생기 동안 유전 외적인 환경적 요인이 크게 작용할 것이라는 가정 하에 형제 정신분열병 환자군(남 15. 여 7)과 산발성 정신분열병 환자군(남 16, 여 7) 및 정상 대조군(남 16, 여 7)을 대상으로 가족력에 따른 산과적 합병증과 신체 미세 기형을 비교하였다. 산과적 합병증은 Lewis 척도를 이용하여 연구 대상의 어머니와 면담하여 평가하였고 신체미세기형은 Waldrop 척도를 이용하여 측정하였다. 또한 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 가족력에에 따라 발병 연령 등의 임상 양상들이 차이를 보이는지 비교함으로써 정신분열병을 좀 더 동질적인 아형으로 나눌 수 있는지를 검토하였다. 1) 형제 환자군, 산발성 환자군 및 정상 대조군의 세균에서 산과적 합병증의 개개의 항목 및 전체 점수의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 신체 미세기형의 경우 입의 미세기 형에서 유의한 차이가 있었으나 그 외에 각 부위별 점수 및 전체 점수에서는 세 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 대부분의 신체 미세기형 세부 항목 및 전체점수에서 산발성 환자군이 형제 환자군에 비해 높은 신체 미세기형의 점수를 보이는 경향이 있었다. 2) 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 신체 미세기형의 전체 점수 사이에 상호 연관성을 찾아볼 수 없었다. 3) 발병연령·정신병리·약물에 대한 반응·병전 기능수준·지연성 운동장애 유무 등의 임상 양상들을 비교하였을때 산발성 환자군과 형제 환자군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 4) 산과적 합병증 및 신체 미세기형과 임상 양상들을 비교하였을 때, 형제 환자군에서 분만시간과 회복시 전반적 기능수준간에, 산발성 환자군에서 산과적 합병증의 전체 점수와 발병 연령간에 상관관계가 있었으나 전체적으로 일관된 결과가 도출되지는 못하였다. 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 산과적 합병증이나 신체 미세기형이 정신분열병의 원인을 밝히는데 유익한 도구가 될 수는 있지만, 가족력 유무에 따라 정신분열병을 보다 동질적인 아형으로 구분하기 힘들다고 생각되었다. In order to test the hypothesis that familial schizophrenics have fewer chances of receiving organic insults during the fetal neural development than sporadic schizophrenics, the authors compared obstetric complications, minor physical anomalies, and other clinical features in sibling schizophrenics, sporadic schizophrenics and controls. Obstetric complications were evaluated by the scale of Lewis, and minor physical anomalies were measured by the Waldrop scale. Sporadic schizophrenics had a significantly higher Waldrop score for mouth than sibling schizophrenics. Although there was some tendency of higher total scores for minor physical anomalies in sporadic schizophrenics, there were no statistically significant differences in obstetric complications and the other minor physical anomalies among three groups. There was no significant correlation between obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies. The clinical features such as age of onset, psychopathology, response to drugs, premorbid functioning, and tardive dyskinesia were not significantly different between sibling and sporadic scizophrenics. In conclusion, while the obstetric complications and minor physical anomalies were suggested to be useful in the search for the cause of schizophrenia, it was difficult to categorize schizophrenics into more homogeneous groups according to family history of schizophrenia using the parameter of obstetric complications and/ or minor physical anomalies.

직물의 열 쾌적성에 관한 고찰

홍연숙 제주한라대학 1990 論文集 Vol.14 No.-

The purpose of this study was to review recent work carried out in comfort related areas. It is obvious that comfort involves a complex combination of properties to physical, physiological, and psychological aspects. Thermal comfort has been defined by the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) as "that condition of mind which expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment." Studies have indicated that a person's intellectual, manual, and perceptual performance is in general highest when he is in thermal comfort. The variables which influnce the condition of thermal comfort have been identified by Fanger as air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity, water vapor pressure in the ambient air, activity level (heat production), and thermal resistance of clothing. Thermal comfort can be achived by many different combinations of these variables. Thermal insulation of clothing is comprised of the insulation of the fabrics and that of the layers of air trapped between them and between the inner layer and the skin. The effects of clothing on thermal comfort depends mainly on such factors as physical properties of the fabric, air spaces between the body and the fabric and characteristics of the ambient environment. According to the literature, there is agreement that movement of heat, moisture and air through a fabric are the major factors governing comfort, but some of the subjective factors, such as, fit, and aesthetic behavior are obviously very important in the textile field. We have discussed these objective and subjective factors independently in some detail. Also, we have some practical suggestions for keeping warm/cool that are based on the process of heat transfer in environment, the thermal functions of the body, and the thermal resistance of materials. Finally, much work needs to be done to understand how system of clothing affect human comfort under the various conditions.

사회경제적 지위와 경제적 스트레스가 의복박탈감에 미치는 영향

홍연숙 제주한라대학 1994 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of gender, age/school grade, socioeconomic status and economic stress on feelings of clothing deprivation. Using purposive sampling method, data(n=344) were collected from selected 4 middle/high school, college students in Cheju city. The clothing deprivation measure consisted of 20 items based on measures developed by previous researchers. Two factors and 14 items retained in a factor analysis. The two factors were clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction (factor 1), and dissatisfaction relative to peers (factor 2). Two factors were used as the two dependent variables. Results indicated that soicioeconomic status, economic stress had a significant effects on clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction. For clothing buy/quality dissatisfaction, Scheffe's pairwise post hoc multiple comparison showed that the higher socioeconomic status group perceived less clothing deprivation than did the lower and middle groups. The lower the socioeconomic status, the greater the feelings of the clothing deprivation. Also, the lower economic stress group perceived less clothing deprivation than did the higher and middle groups. The higher the economic stress, the greater the feelings of the clothing deprivation. For clothing dissatisfaction relative to peers, male group perceived significantly high than did the female group.

대학생의 윤리적 소비에 대한 의식과 실천에 관한 연구

홍연금, 송인숙, 천경희 가톨릭대학교 생활과학연구소 2011 생활과학연구논집 Vol.31 No.1

미성숙영구치의 복합항생제 적용에 의한 변색의 처치: 증례보고

박소연,김영재,김정욱,장기택,이상훈,김종철,한세현,현홍근 大韓小兒齒科學會 2012 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.39 No.1

The concept of revascularization of necrotic pulps regained interest and became an alternative conservative treatment option for young permanent teeth with immature roots. Revascularization of immature teeth with apical periodontitis depends mainly on disinfection of the canal. Since the infection of the root canal system is considered to be polymicrobial, a combination of drugs would be needed to treat the diverse flora. A triple antibiotic mixture of metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline was used as an intracanal medicament. However, discoloration was developed after applying the triple antibiotic mixture. It is believed that the marked discoloration is related to the use of minocycline. The aim of this article was to present cases of coronal discoloration after triple antibiotic therapy in immature tooth and was treated with bleaching technique to control coronal discoloration. In conclusion, revascularization by using triple antibiotics promotes a paradigm shift in treating endodontically involved permanent teeth. However, we should understand that triple antibiotics containing minocycline induces tooth discoloration. Further research to prevent coronal discoloration should be investigated and suggested for the safe use of triple antibiotics. 괴사된 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 있어서 치수의 재혈관화를 통해 치근단 발육 및 치근형성을 지속하려는 개념이 소개됨 으로써 현재 미성숙영구치의 치수치료의 대안으로 제시되고 있다. 이러한 치근단 염증을 가진 미성숙 영구치의 재혈관화를 위해서는 가장 중요한 것이 근관내 감염된 부분을 확실히 제거하는 살균(disinfection)이다. 근관 내 감염은 여러 세균의 복 합작용으로 일어나기 때문에 철저한 살균에 사용되는 약제의 조합은 다양한 범위의 균주를 모두 제거 가능해야한다. Metronidazole(MN), ciprofloxacin(CF), minocycline(MC)의 세 가지 복합항생제가 약제로 사용되고 있으나 이 복합항생 제 적용 후 치관변색을 일으키는 사례가 보고되고 있다. 이러한 치관변색은 항생제의 성분 중 MC에 의한 것으로 여겨지고 있으며, 본 증례에서는 복합항생제 적용에 의해 야기된 치관변색의 증례를 소개하고 이를 표백술로 처치하여 최종 수복한 증 례를 보고하였다. 복합항생제 적용을 통해 미성숙영구치의 치수치료에 새로운 패러다임을 제시한 것은 분명하지만 치관변색 등의 부작용이 있음을 인지하고 치관변색을 사전에 예방하고 최소화하기 위해 다양한 방법이 강구되어야 할 것이다.

대학생들의 자원봉사활동 참여동기에 대한 분석

홍연숙 제주한라대학 2000 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study was to examine motives for participating in volunteering activity. Participants were 328 college students from a university and three colleges at the Jeju Island in Korea. Data were obtained from a structured questionnaire. The major findings were as follows. First, Female students did more participated in volunteering activity than male students. Continuing participants rated significantly higher on degree of perceived worth, major application, participant intensity and necessity in volunteering activity than did discontinuing participants. Second, continuing participants placed significantly more importance on personal development and professional knowledgeㆍtechnique motivation factors than did discontinuing participants. Third, most active participants perceived significantly higher on personal development motivation, professional knowledgeㆍtechnique motivation factors and ethical/religious motivation than moderate active and least active participants Forth, high participants of perceived worth rated significantly higher on personal development motivation, professional knowledgeㆍtechnique motivation factors and ethical/religious motivation than medium and low participants. Fifth, there were significant differences as a function of participant fields.

BAYESIAN APPROACH TO LIFE TESTING AND RELIABILITY ESTIMATION USING LINEX LOSS FUNCTION : LINEX손실함수하에서의 베이즈 수명시험 및 신뢰도 추정

홍연옹 동양대학교 1995 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.1 No.1

본 연구에서는 수명이 지수분포를 따를 때 평균수명, 순간고장률, 신뢰도 함수 및 미래수명에 대한 베이즈 추정량을 구하였다.모수의 사전분포는 공액분포와 무정보사전분포를, 손실함수는 비대칭인 LINEX함수를 가정하였다.수명자료는 정수중단된 형태로 얻어지거나, 정시중단된 형태로 얻어지면서 고장발생시 p(0≤p≤1)의 확률로 정확한 고장시간을 모르는 상황을 대상으로 설정하였다.LINEX손실함수하에서 얻어진 베이즈 추정량이 비대칭도를 반영하는 모수 α의 값이 작으면 2차손실함수하에서 얻어진 추정량과 일치함을 보였다.