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Birth Spacing and Women’s Labor Supply
Yen-Ling Lin 숙명여자대학교 아시아여성연구원 2015 Asian Women Vol.31 No.3
This study investigates the relationship between birth spacing and women’s labor supply. With the increase in marriage age, women have less time to become pregnant. With longer birth spacing, the number of births becomes fewer. This study uses multiyear cross-sectional data and 3-stage regressions to examine the effects between birth spacing and women’s labor supply. The empirical results reveal that longer birth spacing has a nonnegative impact on the labor supply, and labor market participation positively corresponds with birth spacing. We recommend that fertility policies consider the labor supply effects of birth spacing to encourage women to shorten their birth spacing through an incentive design.
( Lin Yen-ting ) 성균관대학교 유교문화연구소 2017 儒敎文化硏究(中文版) Vol.0 No.28
“太虛卽氣”是張載思想體系中的核心命題, 該命題一方面承繼自漢代以來所流行的氣化宇宙圖式, 另一方面由於受到佛學的影響, 使中國的氣論思想得到更進一步的提升, 從宇宙生成的實然層面躍至對形上本體的討論, 這種思想的昇華與轉變開啓了宋明理學後續的發展, 幷爲其發展立下重要的里程碑。王廷相作爲明代後期的哲學家, 對於張載之說持有高度肯定, 如以下提到:“橫渠此論闡造化之密, 明人性之源, 開示後學之功大矣。”1由於同爲主張氣一元論者, 因此許多後世學者將王廷相視爲張載與王船山之間的中流砥柱, 但是否因此能說二者的思想全然相通?抑或僅是部分相似?本文以“太虛卽氣”爲題, 卽在於探討二者的思想聯繫, 爲了說明這一點, 必須部分結合朱熹理氣之說的看法, 以便於進行比較, 在硏究進路上, 本文將會分成以下三個部分進行說明:(一)張載的“太虛卽氣”――宇宙論與本體論之雙重幷建;(二)王廷相對張載“太虛卽氣”之說的詮解;(三)參考前輩學者們的硏究成果與檢視方法, 說明王廷相與張載學說形態的同異之處。 “The great void being the same as material force” is an important proposition in Zhang Zai`s ideological system. This proposition is not only associated with the cosmos theory of qi in the Han dynasty, but also influenced by the ontology of Buddhism. This proposition encouraged the development of Neo-Confucianism toward a metaphysical framework. As one of the key philosophers in the mid-Ming dynasty, Wang Tingxiang deemed highly of Zhang Zai`s contribution to the development of Neo-Confucianism; he claimed that Zhang Zai had a great contribution to later generations by revealing the secrets of nature and probing the mystery of life. Zhang Zai and Wang Tingxiang both agreed that qi or material force is the cause of the universe. For this reason, most scholars believe that Wang Tingxiang is a successor of Zhang Zai; however, beyond this superficial similarity, we need to carefully analyze their difference and resemblance. This paper aims to explore the thought of Zhang Zai and Wang Tingxiang, focusing on their interpretation of “the great void being the same as material force.” [Article in Chinese]
Yen-Chun Peng,Soo-Ray Wang,Yi-Fang Lai,Nu-Man Tsai,Keh-Liang Lin,Shyh-Jye Lin,Tzi-Peng Yang 한국식품영양과학회 2021 Journal of medicinal food Vol.24 No.2
Isoamylamine (IA) is an aliphatic monoamine molecule present in cheese, eggs, and wine. It belongs to the family of polyamines and also can be synthesized endogenously. It has been known that regulation of polyamines in cells is related to cell cycle and tumor formation. Malignant melanoma is difficult to treat and easily resistant to chemotherapy/radiotherapy through autophagy. In this study, we aim to clarify whether IA has a growth control effect on melanoma tumor cells and the regulatory mechanism. We treated B16-F1 melanoma cells with IA at concentrations of 0, 200, 400, and 600 ppm for 24 h. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was checked for cell viability and results showed that IA has an inhibitory effect on B16-F1 melanoma cells. The signaling molecules, which included Raf/MEK/ERK, were activated, while MSK1 and protein kinase B (AKT) were suppressed. Autophagy was also confirmed to be induced by IA. The acridine orange stain-positive cells were increased and BECN-1/LC3 upregulated. The data also showed that the autophagy regulatory molecule, 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), was induced after IA treatment, so we used dorsomorphin to inhibit AMPK and found that it could suppress autophagy. In conclusion, IA has an effect of inducing autophagy in B16-F1 cells and it is regulated through AMPK.
Yen-Yue Lin,Chin-Wang Hsu,Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu,Shi-Jye Chu,Chin-Pyng Wu,Shih-Hung Tsai 연세대학교의과대학 2010 Yonsei medical journal Vol.51 No.3
Purpose: Severe hypoglycemia can result in neural damage, impaired cognitive function, coma, seizures, or death. The decision to admit diabetic patients after initial treatment in the emergency department remains unclear. Our purpose is to identify risk factors for developing recurrent hypoglycemia in diabetic patients admitted for severe hypoglycemia. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 233 subjects (92 males, 141 females; mean age, 74.1 ± 9.8 years) with type 2 diabetes treated at a tertiary care teaching hospital and hospitalized for severe hypoglycemia. Results: Seventy-four (31.8%) patients were categorized with recurrent hypoglycemia and 159(68.2%) with non-recurrent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients with loss of a recent meal, coronary artery disease, infection, and poor renal function (lower estimated glomerular filtration rate) were at risk for recurrent hypoglycemia. The use of calcium-channel blockers appeared to be a protective factor for the development of recurrent hypoglycemia. Conclusion: There may be a subset of patients with severe hypoglycemia and certain risk factors for recurrent hypoglycemia that should be admitted.
The Antiproliferation Activity of Ganoderma formosanum Extracts on Prostate Cancer Cells
( Cheng-yen Chiang ),( Kai-di Hsu ),( Yen-yi Lin ),( Chang-wei Hsieh ),( Jui-ming Liu ),( Tze-ying Lu ),( Kuan-chen Cheng ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.3
Androgen-independent prostate cancer accounts for mortality in the world. In this study, various extracts of a medical fungus dubbed Ganoderma formosanum were screened for inhibition of DU145 cells, an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line. Results demonstrated that both hexane (GF-EH) and butanol (GF-EB) fraction of G. formosanum ethanol extract inhibited DU145 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. GF-EH induced cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase of DU145 cells via downregulation of cyclin E2 protein expression. In addition, GF-EB triggered extrinsic apoptosis of DU145 cells by activating caspase 3 gene expression resulting in programed cell death. Above all, both GF-EH and GF-EB show lower toxicity to normal human fibroblast cell line compared to DU145 cell, implying that they possess specific drug action on cancer cells. This study provides a molecular basis of G. formosanum extract as a potential ingredient for treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.