Taiwanese Position in the South China Sea Dispute: Before and After the Permanent Court of Arbitration Award

Yen-Chiang Chang (사) 이준국제법연구원 2016 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.9 No.2

This note aims to explore the Taiwanese position before and after the Permanent Court of Arbitration Award regarding the South China Sea dispute. The findings suggest that the new Taiwanese Authority, led by Tsai Ing-Wen, has taken a slightly different approach toward the South China Sea, compared to Ma Ying-Jeou’s administration. The new Taiwanese Authority makes no comment on the eleven-dash line claim, which, in turn, implies that its approach is closer to that of the American orientation. It is suggested that the South China Sea Peace Initiative, proposed by Ma Ying-Jeou’s administration, should be followed by Tsai’s administration. In addition, the recognition of the 1992 Consensus by Tsai’s administration will encourage mainland China to consider Taiwan as one of the key players in future South China Sea negotiations.

The Proportionality and Necessity of Unilateral Sanctions

Yen-Chiang Chang 이준국제법연구원 2022 Journal of East Asia and International Law Vol.15 No.2

Exploring the Relation between Natural Settings and Psychological Restoration

Yen-Cheng Chiang,Chun-Yen Chang,Sheng-Jung Ou 한국원예학회 2006 한국원예학회 기타간행물 Vol.- No.-

Nuclear Weapons and International Law

Yen-Chiang Chang 전북대학교 법학연구소 2010 法學硏究 Vol.31 No.-

본 논문은 핵무기의 위협이나 사용과 관련된 국제 조약들을 검토하고 있다. 이러한 국제 조약들에는, 1968년 핵 비확산 조약과 1996년 포괄적 핵실험 방지 조약등이 포함된다. 결론지을 수 있는 것은, 불이행에 대해 명시적인 집행 기제와 벌칙이 없을 경우, 전술한 국제 조약들의 효과는 여전히 불투명하다는 것이다. 본 논문이 또한 핵무기의 위협이나 사용의 적법성에 관한 국제사법재판소의 권고적 의견을 재검토함으로써, 논평하고 있는 것은, 자위라는 극단적인 상황에서 핵무기의 사용의 적법성에 대한 명확한 설명이 필요하다는 것이다. 핵 비확산 노력과 관련된 현행 국가 관례로부터 도출된 사례들이 역시 제시되고 있는데, 중국, 북한, 한국, 이란 등에 특별한 주의가 경주되고 있다. 본 논문이 시사하고 있는 것은, 개발도상국가들의 리더로서 중국이 핵 비확산에 대한 자신의 노력을 확대해야 하고, 핵무기를 감축하거나 금지하도록 북한과 이란 그리고 기타 다른 핵무기 국가들과 의사소통을 형성해야 한다는 것이다. This paper examines international treaties in relation to the threat or use of nuclear weapons including the 1968 Nuclear Non?Proliferation Treaty and the 1996 Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. It can be concluded that the effect of the aforesaid international treaties is still in doubt without explicit enforcement mechanisms and penalty for non?compliance. This paper also reviews the International Court of Justice’s advisory opinion on the legality of the threat or use of nuclear weapons and comments that a clear explanation on the legality of use of nuclear weapons in ‘extreme circumstances of self?defence’ is required. Examples from current state practice in relation to nuclear non?proliferation efforts are also provided, with special attention to China, North Korea and Iran. This paper suggests that China as a leader of developing countries should extend its efforts on nuclear non?proliferation and conduct communication between North Korea and Iran and other nuclear weapons states to reduce or prohibit nucear weapons.

The Antiproliferation Activity of Ganoderma formosanum Extracts on Prostate Cancer Cells

( Cheng-yen Chiang ),( Kai-di Hsu ),( Yen-yi Lin ),( Chang-wei Hsieh ),( Jui-ming Liu ),( Tze-ying Lu ),( Kuan-chen Cheng ) 한국균학회 2020 Mycobiology Vol.48 No.3

Androgen-independent prostate cancer accounts for mortality in the world. In this study, various extracts of a medical fungus dubbed Ganoderma formosanum were screened for inhibition of DU145 cells, an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line. Results demonstrated that both hexane (GF-EH) and butanol (GF-EB) fraction of G. formosanum ethanol extract inhibited DU145 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. GF-EH induced cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase of DU145 cells via downregulation of cyclin E2 protein expression. In addition, GF-EB triggered extrinsic apoptosis of DU145 cells by activating caspase 3 gene expression resulting in programed cell death. Above all, both GF-EH and GF-EB show lower toxicity to normal human fibroblast cell line compared to DU145 cell, implying that they possess specific drug action on cancer cells. This study provides a molecular basis of G. formosanum extract as a potential ingredient for treatment of androgen-independent prostate cancer.

Social Rights of the Aged in Taiwan

Liang Yen Chiang 한국노인복지학회 1999 International Journal of Welfare for the Aged Vol.1 No.-

The effect of ferulic acid ethyl ester on leptin-induced proliferation and migration of aortic smooth muscle cells

Yung-Chieh Tsai,Yen-Mei Lee,Sy-Ying Leu,Hsiao-Yen Chiang,Mao-Hsiung Yen,Pao-Yun Cheng,Chih-Hsiung Hsu 생화학분자생물학회 2015 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.47 No.-

Leptin is a peptide hormone, which has a central role in the regulation of body weight; it also exerts many potentially atherogenic effects. Ferulic acid ethyl ester (FAEE) has been approved for antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to investigate whether FAEE can inhibit the atherogenic effects of leptin and the possible molecular mechanism of its action. Both of cell proliferation and migration were measured when the aortic smooth muscle cell (A10 cell) treated with leptin and/or FAEE. Phosphorylated p44/42MAPK, cell cycle-regulatory protein (for example, cyclin D1, p21, p27), β-catenin and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteins levels were also measured. Results demonstrated that leptin (10, 100 ng ml−1) significantly increased the proliferation of cells and the phosphorylation of p44/42MAPK in A10 cells. The proliferative effect of leptin was significantly reduced by the pretreatment of U0126 (0.5 μM), a MEK inhibitor, in A10 cells. Meanwhile, leptin significantly increased the protein expression of cyclin D1, p21, β-catenin and decreased the expression of p27 in A10 cells. In addition, leptin (10 ng ml−1) significantly increased the migration of A10 cells and the expression of MMP-9 protein. Above effects of leptin were significantly reduced by the pretreatment of FAEE (1 and 10 μM) in A10 cells. In conclusion, FAEE exerts multiple effects on leptin-induced cell proliferation and migration, including the inhibition of p44/42MAPK phosphorylation, cell cycle-regulatory proteins and MMP-9, thereby suggesting that FAEE may be a possible therapeutic approach to the inhibition of obese vascular disease.

Pull-Through Buddy Wire Technique for Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke: Technical Note

Chiang Pin-Yi,Lin Yen-Heng,Huang Yu-Cheng,Lee Chung-Wei 대한신경중재치료의학회 2021 Neurointervention Vol.16 No.1

Excessive tortuosity is a notable cause of failed endovascular thrombectomy for acute large-vessel occlusion stroke. Transcervical access (TCA) is a commonly proposed solution for overcoming this difficulty. However, the large-bore catheter usually used in TCA increases the risk of serious local complications. This paper presents a modified technique for TCA that uses a pull-through buddy wire (PTBW) to track a large-bore femoral guiding sheath (GS) into the carotid artery via a small carotid puncture site. The carotid puncture site can be easily managed through gentle manual compression. Two illustrative cases using this technique to deal with a large aortic arch and tortuous left common carotid artery are reported. In both cases, recanalization was achieved after successful GS placement. Using a PTBW is feasible in TCA.

The Ca _V 3.2 T-Type Ca ²⁺ Channel Is Required for Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy in Mice

Chiang, Chien-Sung,Huang, Ching-Hui,Chieng, Hockling,Chang, Ya-Ting,Chang, Dory,Chen, Ji-Jr,Chen, Yong-Cyuan,Chen, Yen-Hui,Shin, Hee-Sup,Campbell, Kevin P.,Chen, Chien-Chang Ovid Technologies Wolters Kluwer -American Heart A 2009 Circulation research Vol.104 No.4

<P>Voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channels (T-channels) are normally expressed during embryonic development in ventricular myocytes but are undetectable in adult ventricular myocytes. Interestingly, T-channels are reexpressed in hypertrophied or failing hearts. It is unclear whether T-channels play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy and what the mechanism might be. Here we show that the alpha(1H) voltage-gated T-type Ca(2+) channel (Ca(v)3.2) is involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy via the activation of calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway. Specifically, pressure overload-induced hypertrophy was severely suppressed in mice deficient for Ca(v)3.2 (Ca(v)3.2(-/-)) but not in mice deficient for Ca(v)3.1 (Ca(v)3.1(-/-)). Angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy was also suppressed in Ca(v)3.2(-/-) mice. Consistent with these findings, cultured neonatal myocytes isolated from Ca(v)3.2(-/-) mice fail to respond hypertrophic stimulation by treatment with angiotensin II. Together, these results demonstrate the importance of Ca(v)3.2 in the development of cardiac hypertrophy both in vitro and in vivo. To test whether Ca(v)3.2 mediates the hypertrophic response through the calcineurin/NFAT pathway, we generated Ca(v)3.2(-/-), NFAT-luciferase reporter mice and showed that NFAT-luciferase reporter activity failed to increase after pressure overload in the Ca(v)3.2(-/-)/NFAT-Luc mice. Our results provide strong genetic evidence that Ca(v)3.2 indeed plays a pivotal role in the induction of calcineurin/NFAT hypertrophic signaling and is crucial for the activation of pathological cardiac hypertrophy.</P>

Concentration of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in the Pelvic Floor Muscles: An Experimental Comparative Rat Model

Hung-Yen Chin,Chin-Jung Wang,Eileen Changchien,Mei-Fung Lin,Chi-Hsin Chiang 연세대학교의과대학 2014 Yonsei medical journal Vol.55 No.4

Purpose: The aim of this study is to explore non-steroid anti-inflammation drugs (NSAIDs) potency for pelvic floor muscle pain by measuring local concentration in a rat model. Materials and Methods: We used nine NSAIDs, including nabumetone,naproxen, ibuprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam, diclofenac potassium, etodolac, indomethacin, and sulindac, and 9 groups of female Wister rats. Each group of rats was fed with one kind of NSAID (2 mg/mL) for three consecutive days. Thereafter, one mL of blood and one gram of pelvic floor muscle were taken to measure drug pharmacokinetics, including partition coefficient, lipophilicity, elimination of half-life (T1/2) and muscle/plasma converting ratio (Css, muscle/Css, plasma). Results: Diclofenacpotassium had the lowest T1/2 and the highest mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma (1.9 hours and 0.85±0.53, respectively). The mean Css, muscle/Css, plasma of sulindac, naproxen and ibuprofen were lower than other experimental NSAIDs. Conclusion: Diclofenac potassium had the highest disposition in pelvic floor muscle in a rat model. The finding implies that diclofenac potassium might be the choice for pain relief in pelvicmuscle.