한국 집단치료의 역사와 현황 : 정신과 영역에서 실시되어 온 집단치료를 중심으로

이후경,윤성철,김선재,백인석,이연수 大韓神經精神醫學會 2000 신경정신의학 Vol.39 No.1

연구목적 : 집단치료에는 집단정신치료와 싸이코드라마를 비롯하여 활동치료에 해당하는 작업치료와 치료레크리에이션, 예술치료에 해당하는 음악, 미술, 무용, 연극치료 등 다양한 유형이 포함된다. 이러한 집단치료는 입원환자를 위해 오래 전부터 사용되어 왔으며, 최근 정신보건법 시행 이후 정신질환자 관리를 위해 대부분의 낮병원, 정신보건센터에서 활발하게 실시되고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 집단치료에 대한 연구가 매우 적고, 기본적인 실태조사가 되어 있지 않으며, 정신과 의사들의 관심이 부족한 상태이다. 그러므로 본 저자들은 1)문헌고찰을 통해 집단치료의 역사를 파악하고, 2) 현재 전국적으로 집단치료가 실시되고 있는 현황을 조사하여, 3) 집단치료가 정신질환자의 치료 및 관리를 위해 더 활성화될 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 조사대상은 대한신경정신의학회 97년 연보를 참조하여 수련병원, 종합병원, 정신병원, 입원병상이 있는 의원, 입원병상이 없는 의원, 낮병원, 정신보건센터로 나누어 random sampling을 하였다. 집단치료의 실시현황에 대한 내용(집단치료의 실시현황, 집단정신치료의 현황, 싸이코드라마의 현황, 주치료장의 현황, 보조치료자의 현황, 치료시간, 치료회수, 집단구성원의 크기)은 전화로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 집단치료가 전체기관에서 시행되고 있는 비율(%)에 따라 순서대로 나열해보면, 예술치료(30.9%), 활동치료(28.4%), 집단정신치료(27.2%), 기타치료(24.1%), 대집단치료(23.2%)의 순으로 시행되고 있고, 싸이코드라마(10.9%)가 가장 적게 시행되고 있다. 집단정신치료는 입원환자(61.6%)를 대상으로 진단별로 보면 혼합집단(51.4%), 유형별로 살펴보면 일반집단(83.2%)으로 가장 많이 시행되고 있다. 싸이코드라마는 입원환자(65.3%)를 대상으로, 진단별로 보면 혼합집단(69.4%)으로 가장 많이 시행되고 있다. 주치료자에 있어서 집단정신치료는 전문의(31.1%), 사회사업가(29.5%), 싸이코드라마는 전문의(36.1%),사회사업가(36.1%)가 같은 비율로 맡고 있고, 보조치료자에 있어서 집단정신치료는 간호사(40.8%), 싸이코드라마는 사회사업가(25.9%), 자원봉사자(23.5%)가 맡고 있다. 각 집단치료 시간에 있어서 집단정신치료는 60분 내외, 싸이코드라마는 120분 내외로 진행되는 경우가 가장 많고, 각 집단치료의 빈도로는 한 주에 한 번 진행되는 경우가 가장 많다. 집단구성원의 크기(참여 인원 수)에 있어서 싸이코드라마는 26.0명(±17.8), 집단정신치료는 11.0명(±5.8)으로 구성되어 있다. 입원실이 있는 경우(83.6%)에 입원실이 없는 경우(2.2%)보다 압도적으로 높게 집단치료가 시행되고 있다. 결 론 : 집단치료는 많은 병원에서 시행되고 있으며, 정신과 치료의 중요부분으로 자리잡고 있다. 그러나 정신과 전문의가 시행되는 경우가 적었으며, 외래에서 시행되는 경우는 매우 적었다. 집단치료의 중요성에 대한 인식과 이에 대한 전문적인 교육이 요구되며, 외래치료에서 집단치료가 활성화될 필요가 있을 것으로 생각된다. Objectives : A group therapy includes various types : group psychotherapy, psychodrama, activity therapy including occupational therapy as well as recreation therapy, art therapy of drawing, music, dancing and drama. It has long been in use for in-patients, and became more trendy at day hospitals and community mental health centers after the enactment of a mental health law. It was surprising that a few researches have been made in the field, including a basic fact finding and that a few Korean psychiatrists have been inclined toward it. Meanwhile, we finished a research work on ; how a group therapy has been conducted so far, its current status across the country, possibly the best way to heal, and deal with, psychiatric patients. Methods : The 1997 annual report by Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, has been available for random sampling in the following categories ; training hospital, general hospital, psychiatric hospital, clinic with admissions, day hospital, community mental health center. Telephone polls were conducted on contents of frequency and status of a group therapy available with psychodrama, main therapists, co-therapists, duration & times of therapy, size of group therapy recipients etc. Results : The group therapy is broken down into the order of percentage ; Art therapy(30.9%), Activity therapy(28.4%), Group psychotherapy(27.2%), Others(24.1%), Large group therapy(23.2%), with the psychodrama(10.9) least of all. Against in-patients(61.6%), the group psychotherapy shows its greatest diagnosis for a combined group(51.4%), and finds its biggest type in a general group(83.2%), Against in-patients(65.3%), the psychodrama diagnosis is mostly conducted for a combined group(69.4%) For a main therapist, the group psychotherapy is taken care of by boardmen(31.1%), and social workers(29.5%), while psychodrama by psychiatric boardmen(36.1%), and social workers(36.1%). On the other hand, for a co-therapist, the group psychotherapy is done by nurse(40.8%), while psychodrama by social workers(25.9%), and volunteers(23.5%). At a time most group psychotherapies takes some 60 minutes, psychodrama 120 minutes. Group therapies take place each once a week. Its participation amounts to 26.0(±17.8) for a psychodrama, and to 11.0(±5.8) for a group psychotherapy. Clinics with admission rooms(83.6%), exceedingly enjoy more group therapy than ones without(2.2%). Conclusions : The group therapy is run at most hospitals as the main part ofa psychiatric treatment. However, the job has been undertaken on a small scale by outpatient clinics as well as psychiatric boardmen. Therefore, more attention is urged toward a group therapy, its professional training, plus its more brisk business at outpatient clinics.

Monthly comparison of proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid contents of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas in Tongyeong and Geoje Republic of Korea

Yein Lee,Su-jin Park,Soyeon Hwang,Bong Seung Seo,Jihye Lee,Chaeyeon Jeon,Youn Hee Choi 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2022 한국수산과학회 양식분과 학술대회 Vol.2022 No.5

A Review of Bayesian Statistics and its Application Direction for Nuclear Non-Proliferation

Yein Seo,Dongjin Kim,Yonhong Jeong 한국방사성폐기물학회 2022 한국방사성폐기물학회 학술논문요약집 Vol.20 No.1

Bayesian statistics, which is an approach to analyzing data based on Bayes’ theorem, is currently widely used in all fields. However, it has been applied very limitedly to studies related to nuclear nonproliferation. Therefore, this paper provides a knowledge base and directions for using various Bayesian techniques in nuclear non-proliferation. First, the concepts and advantages of the Bayesian approach are summarized and the basic solving methods of Bayesian inference are explained. The Bayesian approach enables more precise posterior estimation using the prior probability and the likelihood functions. To solve Bayes’ theorem, it is necessary to use the conjugate prior distribution, which is analytically solvable, or to use a numerical approach with computing power. Next, for several Bayesian statistics methods, the purpose of use and the mathematical derivation process are described. Bayesian linear regression analysis aims for obtaining a function that outputs the closest value to data of variables and results. Factor analysis is mainly used to derive a smaller number of unobserved latent variables that can represent observed variables. The logit and probit model are nonlinear regression models for when the outcome is binary. The hierarchical model is to analyze by introducing hyper-parameters in an integrated manner when there are several groups of similar data. The Bayesian approach of these methods is generally based on the numerical solution of the Bayesian inference of the multivariate normal distribution. Finally, the previous researches that each introduced method have been applied to nuclear non-proliferation are investigated, and research topics that can be applied in the future are suggested. Bayesian statistics have been mainly used for precise estimation of the amount, location, and radioactivity spectrum of nuclear materials using detectors. Using Bayesian approach, it will be possible to perform various analyzes. For example, the change of activeness of nuclear program can be estimated by Bayesian inferences on the frequency and scale of nuclear tests. And it can be tried predicting the production of plutonium according to the core configuration and burnup using the Bayesian linear regression. Also, by introducing the Bayesian approach to factor analysis or logit analysis of nuclear development motives or nuclear proliferation probability, it can be expected to improve precision. With the development of computer technology, the use of Bayesian statistics increases rapidly. Based on the theory and applied topics summarized in this paper, it is expected that Bayesian statistics will be more actively used for nuclear non-proliferation in the future.

A Study on the Affective Evaluation of Interior Driving Sound with User Factors and Acoustic Parameters

Yein Song(송예인),Sooho Kim(김수호),Yong Hee Kim(김용희),Yunyoug Lee(이윤영),Myung Hwan Yun(윤명환) 대한인간공학회 2020 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2020 No.10

Real Vehicle Test for Development of Human Thermal Comfort Model in EV Installed with Infrared Warmers

Yein Lee(이예인),Jae Woong Kim(김재웅),So La Chung(정소라),Sang Shin Lee(이상신),Man Ju Oh(오만주),Hyun Jin Lee(이현진),Byung Ha Kang(강병하),Jung Kyung Kim(김중경) 한국자동차공학회 2019 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2019 No.5

Synthesis of Au-decorated Boron Nitride Nanotubes to Pretreatment-free Electrochemical Biosensor for Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Clinical Sample

Yein KWON,Taek LEE 한국생물공학회 2023 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.10

A Study on improving mechanical properties of electrospinning separator

Yein Kwak(곽예인),Xiaolong Leng(렁샤오롱),Mingdai Yang(양명대),Ting Dong(동정),Waqas Ul Arifeen(와카스울아리핀),Tae Jo Ko(고태조) 대한기계학회 2021 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2021 No.11

평생학습동아리 리더의 리더십 역량에 대한 교육요구도 분석

유예인(Yein Yu) 한국성인교육학회 2023 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.26 No.1

본 연구는 평생학습동아리 리더의 리더십 역량에 대한 교육요구도를 분석하기 위해 실시되었다. 설문조사는 수도권에서 활동하고 있는 평생학습동아리 리더를 대상으로 실시되었으며, 총 182부의 설문지가 연구 자료로 활용되었다. 수집된 자료는 조대연(2009)이 제안한 교육요구도 분석 절차에 따라 빈도분석, 대응표본 t 검정, Borich(1980)의 요구도 공식, Mink 외(1991)의 The Locus for Focus Model을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 평생학습동아리 리더가 우선순위로 갖추어야 할 역량은 ‘학습분위기 조성능력’, ‘유대감 형성능력’, ‘유관기관 네트워킹능력’, ‘지역사회 공헌능력’으로 확인되었다. 또한 평생학습동아리 리더의 리더십 역량에 대한 교육요구도를 배경변인(성별, 연령, 리더경력, 평생학습동아리 결성연차, 회원 수, 활동유형)에 따라 분석한 결과, 리더경력, 평생학습동아리 결성연차, 활동유형에서 집단 간 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 평생학습동아리 리더에게 실질적으로 도움이 되는 역량기반 교육 프로그램을 개발하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to analyze the degree of educational needs of lifelong learning circle leaders regarding the leadership competencies. The survey was conducted to lifelong learning circle leaders in a metropolitan area and a total of one hundred eighty-two surveys were used as the research data. The collected data were analyzed according to the educational needs analysis procedure which Cho(2009) proposed, and were analyzed using frequency analysis, paired t-test, Borich’s(1980) needs assessment mode, and the locus for focus model of Mink and others(1991). The competencies that a lifelong learning circle leader should acquire as top priority are identified as ‘the ability to create a learning atmosphere’, ‘the ability to bond’, ‘the ability to network with other lifelong learning institutions,’, and ‘the ability to contribute to the local community.’ Also, the result of analyzing the educational needs regarding the competency of lifelong learning circle leader according to the background variable(gender, age, total leadership experience, years of formation of the lifelong learning circle, number of members, activity type) there were statistically significant differences among groups in leadership experience, years of formation of the lifelong learning circle, and activity type.

Biaxially Stretchable, Integrated Array of High Performance Microsupercapacitors

Lim, Yein,Yoon, Jangyeol,Yun, Junyeong,Kim, Daeil,Hong, Soo Yeong,Lee, Seung-Jung,Zi, Goangseup,Ha, Jeong Sook American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.11

<P>We report on the fabrication of a biaxially stretchable array of high performance microsupercapacitors (MSCs) on a deformable substrate. The deformable substrate is designed to suppress local strain applied to active devices by locally implanting pieces of stiff polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films within the soft elastomer of Ecoflex. A strain suppressed region is formed on the top surface of the deformable substrate, below which PET films are implanted. Active devices placed within this region can be isolated from the strain. Analysis of strain distribution by finite element method confirms that the maximum strain applied to MSC in the strain suppressed region is smaller than 0.02%, while that on the Ecoflex film is larger than 250% under both uniaxial strain of 70% and biaxial strain of 50%. The all-solid-state planar MSCs, fabricated with layer-by-layer deposited multiwalled carbon nanotube electrodes and patterned ionogel electrolyte of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide having high-potential windows, are dry-transferred onto the deformable substrate and electrically connected in series and parallel <I>via</I> embedded liquid metal interconnection and Ag nanowire contacts. Liquid metal interconnection, formed by injecting liquid metal into the microchannel embedded within the substrate, can endure severe strains and requires no additional encapsulation process. This formed MSC array exhibits high energy and power density of 25 mWh/cm<SUP>3</SUP> and 32 W/cm<SUP>3</SUP>, and stable electrochemical performance up to 100% uniaxial and 50% biaxial stretching. The high output voltage of the MSC array is used to light micro-light-emitting diode (μ-LED) arrays, even under strain conditions. This work demonstrates the potential application of our stretchable MSC arrays to wearable and bioimplantable electronics with a self-powered system.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-11/nn504925s/production/images/medium/nn-2014-04925s_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn504925s'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

모바일 클러스터 라이브러리 설계 몇 구현

이예인(Yein Lee),이종우(Jongwoo Lee) 한국멀티미디어학회 2008 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2008 No.2

모바일 통신이 발달함에 따라 이동이 편리한 휴대폰 등의 모바일 컴퓨터 시스템이 많이 이용되고 있다. 하지만, 모바일 컴퓨팅 성능은 데스크탑의 컴퓨팅 성능에 비하여 현저히 떨어지기 때문에 많은 계산이나 처리를 요구하는 소프트웨어를 휴대폰과 같은 모바일단말기에서 이용하는데에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 휴대폰 상에서 대용량 소프트웨어를 실행사키기 위해, 기존의 JPVM클러스터 시스템을 확장하여 휴대폰이 JPVM 클러스터 시스템에 참여할 수 있도록 진보하고 JPVM 클러스터 라이브러리를 설계하고 구현하였다.