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The Issues and Prospects of Housing Measures in the Super-Aged Society
Yasuyo Nomura 한국부동산법학회 2018 不動産法學 Vol.22 No.1
In Japan, in many cases it is difficult for the elderly to rent standard housing. For this reason, the outfitting of housing for the elderly has been advancing, but even if facilities such as nursing facilities and senior citizens homes or residences such as housing for the elderly with home-care services provided advance, it is currently difficult to respond to the rapidly increasing number of elderly people. Furthermore, support is also required for repairs, etc. to homes for the class of elderly who own their own homes , which makes up a large percentage of housing for the elderly. The biggest problem is the elderly who have low incomes. Low-income people below a certain standard should be able to use public assistance, but the class who do not quite qualify for such assistance need more than a housing safety net to support them. There is also a need for efforts toward effective utilization of existing housing stock such as unoccupied houses. In 1978 the rate of unoccupied houses was 7.6%, rising to 13.1% in 2008 with 4,126,800 of these houses being rental housing, which is more than half of the total number of unoccupied houses, 7,567,900. However, despite this plethora of unoccupied houses, there are still many landlords who say they do not want to rent to the elderly due to a fear of the risk of unattended deaths, accidents in the houses, and non-payment of rent. It is also necessary to create an environment where it is easy for the elderly to rent through publicly supported rent loan guarantees, creation of a system where local people look out for each other, etc. It is vital to conduct regional development with people working together in addition to preparing housing to enable the elderly to continue their lives in the area with peace of mind.
Study on the Seedling Traits of Eggplant Grown in Several Different Types of Nursery Culture Media
Yasuyo Nishimura,Chrisanto A.G. Ballila,Yasufumi Fukumoto,Masayuki MuraiI,Michael T. Barnor 한국원예학회 2009 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.50 No.2
An F₁ hybrid cultivar of eggplant ‘Casino 901’ was used in the present study. Differences in traits of seedlings grown in seven culture media were investigated. The three organic and four inorganic media used for the soilless culture were Bark-compost, Coco-peat and Coco-chip, and Charcoal, Sand, Pumice and Rockwool cube, respectively. Seedling traits were measured 59 days after sowing. For plant height, total dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight and root dry weight, the three organic media gave higher values than the three inorganic media except Rockwool. In particular, Barkcompost gave the highest value for the four above-mentioned traits except root dry weight. For shoot/root ratio, analysis of variance indicated a significant difference among the seven culture media but no significant difference between the organic and inorganic culture media. The SPAD value was the lowest for charcoal in all the treatments. The pH value of the extracted solution was significantly lower for sand than other media. The EC value for the extracted solution from the three organic media was higher than the inorganic media. The three organic culture media and Rockwool had higher moisture percentages at all times after saturation compared to the other three inorganic media. Consequently, the three organic media, particularly bark-compost, may be favorable for eggplant seedling growth.
Yamaoka, Yasuyo,Achard, Dorine,Jang, Sunghoon,Legé,ret, Bertrand,Kamisuki, Shogo,Ko, Donghwi,Schulz‐,Raffelt, Miriam,Kim, Yeongho,Song, Won‐,Yong,Nishida, Ikuo,Li‐,Beisson, Yon BLACKWELL 2016 PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL Vol.14 No.11
<P><B>Summary</B></P><P>Despite a strong interest in microalgal oil production, our understanding of the biosynthetic pathways that produce algal lipids and the genes involved in the biosynthetic processes remains incomplete. Here, we report that <I>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cre09.g398289</I> encodes a plastid‐targeted 2‐lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (CrLPAAT1) that acylates the <I>sn</I>‐2 position of a 2‐lysophosphatidic acid to form phosphatidic acid, the first common precursor of membrane and storage lipids. <I>In vitro</I> enzyme assays showed that CrLPAAT1 prefers 16:0‐CoA to 18:1‐CoA as an acyl donor. Fluorescent protein‐tagged CrLPAAT1 was localized to the plastid membrane in <I>C. reinhardtii</I> cells. Furthermore, expression of CrLPAAT1 in plastids led to a > 20% increase in oil content under nitrogen‐deficient conditions. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CrLPAAT1 is an authentic plastid‐targeted LPAAT in <I>C. reinhardtii</I>, and that it may be used as a molecular tool to genetically increase oil content in microalgae.</P>
Yamaoka, Yasuyo,Shin, Seungjun,Choi, Bae Young,Kim, Hanul,Jang, Sunghoon,Kajikawa, Masataka,Yamano, Takashi,Kong, Fantao,Lé,geret, Bertrand,Fukuzawa, Hideya,Li-Beisson, Yonghua,Lee, Youngsook American Society of Plant Biologists 2019 The Plant cell Vol.31 No.5
<P>The mRNA of a Chlamydomonas bZIP transcription factor is spliced by CrIRE1 under ER stress, and the resulting protein protects Chlamydomonas cells from ER stress by modulating lipid remodeling.</P><P>Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is caused by the stress-induced accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER. Here, we identified proteins and lipids that function downstream of the ER stress sensor INOSITOL-REQUIRING ENZYME1 (CrIRE1) that contributes to ER stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas (<I>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</I>). Treatment with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin resulted in the splicing of a 32-nucleotide fragment of a basic leucine zipper 1 (bZIP1) transcription factor (<I>CrbZIP1</I>) mRNA by CrIRE1 that, in turn, resulted in the loss of the transmembrane domain in CrbZIP1, and the translocation of CrbZIP1 from the ER to the nucleus. Mutants deficient in <I>CrbZIP1</I> failed to induce the expression of the unfolded protein response genes and grew poorly under ER stress. Levels of diacylglyceryltrimethylhomoserine (DGTS) and pinolenic acid (18:3Δ5,9,12) increased in the parental strains but decreased in the <I>crbzip1</I> mutants under ER stress. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that CrbZIP1 activated the expression of enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of DGTS and pinolenic acid. Moreover, two lines harboring independent mutant alleles of <I>Chlamydomonas desaturase</I> (<I>CrDES</I>) failed to synthesize pinolenic acid and were more sensitive to ER stress than were their parental lines. Together, these results indicate that <I>CrbZIP1</I> is a critical component of the ER stress response mediated by CrIRE1 in Chlamydomonas that acts via lipid remodeling.</P>
Yoshizawa, Yasuyo,Kim, Junghoon,Kuno, Shinya Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2016 BioMed research international Vol.2016 No.-
<P><I>Background.</I> This study aimed to investigate whether a lifestyle-based physical activity program could contribute to reduced medical expenditure.<I> Methods.</I> The study participants were 60 adults aged 63.1 (standard deviation, 4.4) years in the intervention group; the case-control group consisted of 300 adults who were randomly selected from Japan's national health insurance system. This community-based retrospective study incorporated a 3-year follow-up.<I> Results.</I> The total and outpatient medical expenditure in the intervention group were significantly lower than in the control group: total expenditure, $US640.4/year; outpatient expenditure, $369.1/year. The odds ratio for outpatient visiting was 6.47-fold higher in the control than in the intervention group. <I>Conclusion.</I> Our study suggests that a health program to promote physical activity can result in reduced total medical expenditure, outpatient medical expenditure, and possibly also inpatient medical expenditure.</P>