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Clinical Presentation of Cervical Myelopathy at C1–2 Level
Yasutaka Murahashi,Tsuneo Takebayashi,Yoshinori Terashima,Hajime Tsuda,Mitsunori Yoshimoto,Toshihiko Yamashita 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.4
Study Design: Single-center retrospective study. Purpose: To clarify the clinical features of cervical myelopathy at the C1–2 level. Overview of Literature: Methods for distinguishing the affected level based on myelomere symptoms or dysfunction of the conducting pathway were established. However, no symptoms have been identified as being specific to the C1–2 level segment. Methods: We evaluated 24 patients with cervical myelopathy due to spinal cord compression at the C1–2 level. Preoperative neurological assessment were investigated and compared with the rate and site of compression of the spinal cord using computed tomography-myelography. Results: Impaired temperature and pain sensation were confirmed in 18 of the 24 patients with that localized to the upper arms (n=3), forearm (n=9), both (n=2), and whole body (n=4). Muscle weakness was observed in 18 patients, muscle weakness extended from the biceps brachii to the abductor digiti minimi in 10 patients, and in the whole body in 8 patients. Deep tendon reflexes were normal in 10 patients, whereas hyperactive deep tendon reflexes were noted in 14 patients. The rate of spinal cord compression was significantly higher in patients with perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness compared with those with no dysfunction. However, no significant difference in the rate and site of compression was identified in those with dysfunction. Conclusions: Perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness localized to the upper limbs was observed in 58% and 42% of patients, respectively. Neurological abnormalities, such as perceptual dysfunction and muscle weakness, were visualized in patients with marked compression.
( Yasutaka Iwamoto ),( Dong Ho Lee ),( Seong Il Kim ) 한국임학회 2012 한국임학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.2012 No.-
Discussion on threats to protected areas (PAs) began to be largely held in the early 1980s with the IUCN study on the world`s 43 most threatened PAs. The discussion started evolving along with the introduction of the concept of protected area management effectiveness (PAME) late 1990s, and those of evidence-based conservation and key biodiversity areas as site protection targets several years later. Based on the third concept, the discussion on the threats to PAs and that on biodiversity began to converge and in 2006, IUCN and Conservation Measures Partnership (CMP) launched the Unified Classification of Direct Threats (UCDTs) and Conservation Actions (UCCAs) (Version 1.0) for biodiversity conservation, based heavily on evidence. The first global study of PAME two years later almost entirely applied the threats classification scheme to PAs. However, even though the main goal of a PA can still be said to conserve biodiversity to date, there should be distinction between the threats to biodiversity and those to PAs. Focusing merely on conserving biodiversity may lack proper attention to things such as 1) governance and planning to help conservation activities be effective, 2) local community engagement in PA management, and 3) cultural resources that the conservation site embraces. Little attention to those things turns them into threat factors, so they should be included into a new list of threats to PAs that is proposed here. This study argues the legitimacy of them entering the list. Around the main literature like the latest UCDTs (version 3.1), UCCAs (version 2.0), the modified UCDTs utilized in the second and the latest global study of PAME in 2010 and one of the latest PAME reports published by Korean National Park Service (KNPS) and IUCN in 2009 (which is also the easiest for the author to discuss with people around him), about 30 journal articles, reports and online sources were reviewed to reorganize the threats to PAs and to support that the above-mentioned three things are qualified to become new threat factors if appropriate attention is not paid. Lack of Governance and planning, local community involvement in PA management and cultural resource conservation should all be regarded as threats to PAs. IUCN has long worked to attract attention to the importance of the first two items, but they have more been seen as something to make efforts to implemented, not a type of threat in case of little existence. Cultural resource conservation is recently receiving increasing attention particularly in Asian PAs since the conservation philosophy of Asia considers nature and human beings as one entity. The proposed new list of the threats to PAs with those three items hopefully helps capture a picture of more comprehensive status of the threats to PAs.
Distinction of Landslide by Monitoring Acceleration to Autonomous Node In Wireless Sensing Network
Yasutaka Nakajima,Riki Ohbayashi,Shigeru Takayama 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
For monitoring natural landslide disaster, wireless sensing node network is so effective system. The sensingnode is constructed by some sensors (acceleration, soil moisture, GPS and so on), data processing unit (micro processor)and wireless communication unit. The network topology we have constructed is mesh type. In the system, at sensinglandslide, the node will transport the information to host system through the node network by using wirelesscommunication. Generally, in natural field, the landslide is sensed as the changing of acceleration. But, it is sodifficult to distinguish the landslide obviously. The acceleration of the sensing node will change by not only thelandslide disaster but also collision with several hard blocks like stones. This paper describes the distinction method oflandslide disaster by using only the signal of acceleration sensor mounted in the sensing node. The method focuses thetime transition of frequency distribution of the acceleration signal. Observing the time transition, the situations ofsensing node have been distinguished.
Yasutaka Narazaki,Vedhus Hoskere,Brian A. Eick,Matthew D. Smith,Billie F. Spencer 국제구조공학회 2019 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.24 No.6
This paper investigates the framework of vision-based dense displacement and strain measurement of miter gates with the approach for the quantitative evaluation of the expected performance. The proposed framework consists of the following steps: (i) Estimation of 3D displacement and strain from images before and after deformation (water-fill event), (ii) evaluation of the expected performance of the measurement, and (iii) selection of measurement setting with the highest expected accuracy. The framework first estimates the full-field optical flow between the images before and after water-fill event, and project the flow to the finite element (FE) model to estimate the 3D displacement and strain. Then, the expected displacement/strain estimation accuracy is evaluated at each node/element of the FE model. Finally, methods and measurement settings with the highest expected accuracy are selected to achieve the best results from the field measurement. A physics-based graphics model (PBGM) of miter gates of the Greenup Lock and Dam with the updated texturing step is used to simulate the vision-based measurements in a photo-realistic environment and evaluate the expected performance of different measurement plans (camera properties, camera placement, post-processing algorithms). The framework investigated in this paper can be used to analyze and optimize the performance of the measurement with different camera placement and post-processing steps prior to the field test.