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Similarity in Neuronal Firing Regimes across Mammalian Species
Mochizuki, Yasuhiro,Onaga, Tomokatsu,Shimazaki, Hideaki,Shimokawa, Takeaki,Tsubo, Yasuhiro,Kimura, Rie,Saiki, Akiko,Sakai, Yutaka,Isomura, Yoshikazu,Fujisawa, Shigeyoshi,Shibata, Ken-ichi,Hirai, Daich Society for Neuroscience 2016 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.36 No.21
<P>The architectonic subdivisions of the brain are believed to be functional modules, each processing parts of global functions. Previously, we showed that neurons in different regions operate in different firing regimes in monkeys. It is possible that firing regimes reflect differences in underlying information processing, and consequently the firing regimes in homologous regions across animal species might be similar. We analyzed neuronal spike trains recorded from behaving mice, rats, cats, and monkeys. The firing regularity differed systematically, with differences across regions in one species being greater than the differences in similar areas across species. Neuronal firing was consistently most regular in motor areas, nearly random in visual and prefrontal/medial prefrontal cortical areas, and bursting in the hippocampus in all animals examined. This suggests that firing regularity (or irregularity) plays a key role in neural computation in each functional subdivision, depending on the types of information being carried.</P>
( Yasuhiro Morita ),( Shigeki Bamba ),( Osamu Inatomi ),( Kenichiro Takahashi ),( Takayuki Imai ),( Masaki Murata ),( Masashi Ohno ),( Masaya Sasaki ),( Tomoyuki Tsujikawa ),( Akira Andoh ) 대한장연구학회 2020 Intestinal Research Vol.18 No.2
Background/Aims: We retrospectively analyzed Crohn’s disease (CD) patients with small intestinal strictures who underwent single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) to ascertain whether prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube had better insertability in the small intestine than a conventional SBE. Methods: Among 253 CD patients who underwent SBE, we identified 94 CD patients who had undergone attempted endoscopic balloon dilatation (EBD) for small intestinal stenosis for inclusion in this study. We analyzed whether the type of scope used for their initial procedure affected the cumulative surgery-free rate. For the insertability analysis, patients who underwent SBE at least twice were divided into 3 groups according to the type of scope used: conventional SBE only, prototype SBE only, and both conventional and prototype SBEs. For each group, depth of insertion, procedure time, and number of EBDs were compared in the same patient at different time points. Results: The success rate of EBD was 88.3%. The 5- and 10-year cumulative surgery-free rate was 75.7% and 72.8%, respectively. Cox regression analysis indicated that the factors contributing to surgery were long stricture (≥2 cm), EBD failure, and elevated Crohn’s Disease Activity Index, but not the type of scope used for EBD. The prototype SBEs significantly improved the depth of insertion (P=0.03, Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test). Conclusions: In CD patients with small intestinal stenosis, the prototype SBEs with a passive bending mechanism and high force transmission insertion tube did not improve long-term EBD outcome but did improve deep insertability. (Clinical Trial Registration No. UMIN000037102) (Intest Res 2020;18:229-237)
Hybrid Sensor-less Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor in Low-speed Region
Yasuhiro Yamamoto,Hirohito Funato,Satoshi Ogasawara 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-
This paper proposes a method of improving the stability in sensor-less control of permanent magnet synchronous motors. The control method for low-speed region is divided into two: One is a high frequency method, which involves a problem of reverse rotation once misdetection of the permanent magnet polarity should occur, and another one is a current drive method, which has a problem that phase and speed oscillations are caused by quick speed changes. Hence, authors propose adoption of the current drive method for the basic control system with added compensation of stabilization by means of the high frequency method. This combination secures stable control with no risk of reversal and less vibration. In addition, authors have also considered a frequency separation filter of a shorter delay time so that current control performance will not lower even when high frequencies are introduced. This filter has achieved simplified compensation using repetitive characteristic through the utilization of the periodicity of high frequency current. Simulation and experiment have been conducted to verify that the stable performance of this system is improved.
How Labor Shortage Affects the Level of Hospitality -In Case of the Japanese Tourism Industry -
( Yasuhiro Watanabe ) 세계문화관광학회 2018 International Journal of Culture and tourism Resea Vol.11 No.1
Tourism is a labour-intensive industry. The mechanism and the quality of tourism are maintained by labour force. Therefore, changes in the labour force may influence the tourism business. In a country like Japan, where quality of customer service is a main part of its tourism attractions, such change could be crucial. This study investigated the correlation of the level of customer service in Japan, and the volume of labour force. It was revealed that, during the period of rapid increase of inbound visitors to Japan, the customer satisfaction index fell, when the unemployment rate decreased,
Biomechanical Analysis of a Pedicle Screw-Rod System with a Novel Cross-Link Configuration
Yasuhiro Nakajima,Masahito Hara,Daisuke Umebayashi,Shoichi Haimoto,Yu Yamamoto,Yusuke Nishimura,Toshihiko Wakabayashi 대한척추외과학회 2016 Asian Spine Journal Vol.10 No.6
Study Design: The strength effects of a pedicle screw-rod system supplemented with a novel cross-link configuration were biomechanically evaluated in porcine spines. Purpose: To assess the biomechanical differences between a conventional cross-link pedicle screw-rod system versus a novel crosslink instrumentation, and to determine the effect of the cross-links. Overview of Literature: Transverse cross-link systems affect torsional rigidity, but are thought to have little impact on the sagittal motion of spinal constructs. We tested the strength effects in pullout and flexion-compression tests of novel cross-link pedicle screw constructs using porcine thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Methods: Five matched thoracic and lumbar vertebral segments from 15 porcine spines were instrumented with 5.0-mm pedicle screws, which were then connected with 6.0-mm rods after partial corpectomy in the middle vertebral body. The forces required for construct failure in pullout and flexion-compression tests were examined in a randomized manner for three different cross-link configurations: un-cross-link control, conventional cross-link, and cross-link passing through the base of the spinous process. Statistical comparisons of strength data were analyzed using Student’s t -tests. Results: The spinous process group required a significantly greater pullout force for construct failure than the control group (p =0.036). No difference was found between the control and cross-link groups, or the cross-link and spinous process groups in pullout testing. In flexion-compression testing, the spinous processes group required significantly greater forces for construct failure than the control and cross-link groups (p <0.001 and p =0.003, respectively). However, there was no difference between the control and cross-link groups. Conclusions: A novel cross-link configuration that features cross-link devices passing through the base of the spinous processes increased the mechanical resistance in pullout and flexion-compression testing compared to un-cross-link constructs. This configuration provided more resistance to middle-column damage under flexion-compression testing than conventional cross-link configuration.
Yasuhiro Tanaka,Kenji Yonemitsu 한국물리학회 2013 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.62 No.12
The current-voltage characteristics and mechanism of bias-induced breakdown in one-dimensional models for band and Mott insulators are investigated theoretically by using nonequilibrium Green’s functions. We attach the models to metallic electrodes, the effects of which are incorporated into the self-energy. For the models of both the band and the Mott insulators with lengths LC, the bias voltage induces a breakdown of the insulating state, and the breakdown mechanism shows a crossover depending on LC. When LC is smaller than the correlation length ξ = W/Δ, the threshold is determined basically by the bias Vth ~ Δ, where W and Δ are the bandwidth and the energy gap, respectively. For systems with LC ξ, the threshold is governed by the electric field, Vth/LC, which is consistent with a Landau-Zener-type breakdown Vth/LC / Δ2/W.
A 4-bit Multiplier Using a Two Phase Drive Adiabatic Dynamic CMOS Logic
Yasuhiro Takahashi,Toshikazu Sekine,Michio Yokoyama 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
This paper describe the design and VLSI implementation of a multiplier using an adiabatic logic which is called a two phase drive adiabatic dynamic CMOS logic (2PADCL) circuit. Circuit operation and performance has been evaluated using a 4×4-bit 2PADCL multiplier fabricated in a 1.2 ㎛ CMOS process. The experimental results show that the multiplier was operated with clock frequencies 800㎑. The total power dissipation of the 4×4-bit 2PADCL multiplier was also 5.19 ㎽ at the 1.5 VDC power supply voltage.