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Effects of Acid Deposition on Cultural Properties and Materials in East Asia
유영억,야수아끼, 마에다 대구대학교 환경기술연구소 2005 미래환경기술 Vol.1 No.2
The material exposure experiments have been carried out to evaluate the relationship between air pollution and material corrosion rate with the cooperation of the researchers in Japan, China, Korea since 1993. The test materials such as bronze, copper, marble, carbon steel, and urushi have been exposed under outdoor and indoor conditions at 23 sampling sites in East Asia. At the same time and places, the concentration of SO₂ and NO₂has been measured simultaneously with the passive sampler. Qualitative and quantitative atmospheric corrosion was estimated from the damage caused to bronze, copper, steel, marble, cedar, cypress and urushi (Japanese lacquer) plates, exposed to outdoor and indoor airs in some cities of East Asia. Brochantite and cuprite were formed on copper at sites where the sulfur dioxide concentrations were high, and basic cupric nitrate and cuprite at sites where nitrogen dioxide concentrations were high. Gypsum was formed on marble pieces exposed to indoor air at all sites but was not found on the pieces exposed to outdoor air. Goethite, lepidocrocite, hematite and magnetite were formed on the steel plates. However, no akaganeite, formed in chloric atmosphere, was observed on the plates. The effects of atmosphericand meteorological factors on the damage to copper plates and marble pieces in several cities in East Asia were estimated using regression analysis. The results indicate that sulfur dioxide is the most destructive of materials especially in China and South Korea. In Japan copper plates may be damaged under natural conditions and by sea salt. Copper may also be damaged by surface deposition of sulfur and chlorine. Marble may be substantially degraded by gaseous sulfur dioxide but sulfate ions in rain had no effect. The analysis of air pollution from the point of view of material damage was very useful in evaluating and visualizing the intensity of air pollution in East Asia.
A Study on Forecasting Wind Speeds Using Bidirectional SOM
Yasuaki SUMI,Asuka KOBAYASHI,Fukuya NAMBA,Takao TSUKUTANI 대한전자공학회 2007 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2007 No.7
New energy is paid to attention now. The wind-force is one of the new energy and is unlimited. We paid attention to the domestic small aero generator, especially, with power assistance type. In order to operate the wind generator with more efficiency than before, we have tried to forecast the wind by both the Conventional basic SOM and Bi-directional SOM in this study. We evaluated experiments by CV method. On the forecast error rate, Bi-directional SOM predicated the wind speed every season without the change of the extreme error rate. Basic SOM was less than Bi-directional SOM in spring and summer, but Bi-directional SOM lowers in autumn and winter.
Safe Disposal of Radioactive Wastes for Natural Disasters
( Yasuaki Ichikawa ) 대한지질공학회 2019 대한지질공학회 학술발표회논문집 Vol.2019 No.2
Energy is an essential basis of modern human life, and nuclear powers support a major part of the energy supply for many countries. It is urgently important for sustainable supply of nuclear energy to dispose the high-level nuclear wastes (HLW) generated by the nuclear power plants. The safe disposal of HLW is planned in deep underground repositories sited several hundred meters deep. For the disaster-prone countries like Japan, the facilities of HLW disposal must be provided against the severe disasters. Especially we are discussing how to provide for the huge earthquake, like the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. The barrier system which prevents radionuclide migration for a long period forms an engineered barrier system (EBS, consisting of the HLW itself, vitrified wastes or spent fuel, a metal overpack and bentonite buffer) and a natural barrier, that is, the rock mass. Bentonite is the key material of the HLW barrier system, which retards the transport radionuclides for extremely long period. We will discuss the properties and behaviors of the bentonite buffer.