성장호르몬 분비성 뇌하수체 선종에서 소마토스타틴 수용체 (제2아형, 제5아형), G_i2α 및 Pit-1 유전자 발현

류미숙,양인명,박철영,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설,최영길,김은희,박승준,김국기 대한내분비학회 2002 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.17 No.2

Background: Mutation of Gs protein subunit (gsp oncogene), detected in about 30∼40% of growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary tumors, is associated with an increased long-acting somatostatin analog octreotide sensitivity. However, the mRNA expression of somatostatin receptor (sst) was not changed in the GH-secreting pituitary tumor, regardless of whether they were gsp oncogene positive or negative. This suggests that the expression of genes coding for G_i2α, Pit-1 and the other factors involved in the regulation of secretory activity in somatotrophs is likely to be altered in gsp oncogene positive tumors. We observed the impact of the gsp oncogene on the expression of the genes coding for Gi2, Pit-1 and sst (2&5) in GH-secreting pituitary tumors. Methods: The GH response to octreotide was examined in 13 acromegalic patients before transsphenoidal adenomectomy. Genomic DNA and RNA were extracted from fresh frozen tumor tissues. PCR was performed to amplify and sequence the region between codon 184 and 251 that includes exons 8 and 9 of the Gs gene. Sst2, sst5, G_i2α and Pit-1 mRNA levels were measured by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results: Sst2 and sst5 mRNA transcripts were detected in all tumors (7 gsp +, 6 gsp-). The amount of sst transcripts varied considerably varied between the tumors. There were no significant differences in sex, age, tumor size, grade or basal GH levels. Pit-1 and sst2 mRNA levels were not different. In contrast, G_i2 mRNA levels were significantly higher in gsp (+) while sst5 mRNA levels were higher in gsp (-). Conclusion: These data suggests that gsp oncogene may increase Gi2α levels but decrease sst5 mRNA levels. However, Pit-1 and sst2 mRNA expression may not be affected by gsp oncogene. The increased expression of the G_i2α gene might be an inhibitory compensatory response to the action of gsp oncogene

성인 막성신병증의 임상적 고찰

양종오,이상주,박기현,장윤경,이강욱,서광선,신영태 충남대학교 의학연구소 2001 충남의대잡지 Vol.28 No.2

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular disease characterized by diffuse thickening of the glomerular basement membrane without significant mesangial proliferative change and is usually manifested by the nephrotic syndrome. To evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of this disease in adults, we analyzed 65 patients with primary membranous nephropathy who were diagnosed at Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital from February 1986 to February 2001. The results are as follows: 1) Of total 96 patients with membranous nephropathy, 67.7% was primary MN. Hepatitis B-associated MN and lupus MN were 22.9%, and 9.4%, respectively. Median duration of follow-up was 35.1 months(0.3∼177) in primary MN, 49.6 months(2.5∼103) in lupus MN, and 35.6 months(0.5∼108) in hepatitis B-associated MN. 2) Mean age of the patients with primary MN at the time of diagnosis(43.3 years) was significantly higher than that of lupus MN(30.4 years) and HBV-associated MN(36.2 years). Male to female ratio of primary MN was 1.03:l. 3) At the time of diagnosis, 89.2% of primary MN was presented with nephrotic syndrome. Twenty seven percent of patients showed hypertension. Hematuria was found in 58.5% of primary MN patients. Azotemia was noted in 3.1 %. 4) Global sclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were noted in 39.8, 16.1 and 11.3% of primaty MN, respectively. IgG and C3 were deposited on the glomerular capillary loop in 92.7% and 29% of primary MN patients. There was no significant correlation between the electron microscopic pathologic stage and clinical findings. 5) Of 56 patients with primary MN followed more than 6 months, 50(90.9%) patients were treated with prednisolone, cyclophosphamide or cyclosporin. Complete remission was obtained in 29 patients(51.8%), partial remission in 6 patients(10.7%), and no response in 18 patients(32.1%). Of 6 patients who were not treated with immunosuppressive drugs, 3 patients showed spontaneous complete or partial remission. Three patients who did not show clinical improvement progressed to end-stage renal failure. There were no significant clinical difference including renal pathology at the time of diagnosis between the patients who showed complete or partial remission and patients who did not. In conclusion, it was difficult to predict the long-term prognosis of primary MN at the time of diagnosis, clinically. The response to therapeutic modality would be the most important to predict long-term prognosis of primary MN.

의미정보를 이용한 답변추출 시스템의 설계

양기철 木浦大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究誌 Vol.19 No.-

Answer Extraction system is related to some systems such as Information Retrieval System, Information Extraction System, Question Answering System. Howerver, it has differences with other systems. Information Retrieval System often consider various areas and huge amount of information. Also, it returns whole documents as a retrieval result. Information Extraction System returns a specific answer but the answer is pre-formatted. Above two systems are less flexible than the Question Answering System but the Question Answering System is cumbersome to build with current technologies. Answer Extraction System show either a sentence or a paragraph which contains the answer. In this way it is possible to build a system with high precision and recall. In this research, an Answer Extraction System which uses three dimensional conceptual graph as a sentence meaning representation language and graph matching techniques is designed.

가장납입의 효력에 관한 법적 검토

양기진 梨花女子大學校 法學硏究所 2016 法學論集 Vol.21 No.2

이 글에서는 주식 및 전환사채의 가장납입행위에 관하여 그 효력을 어떻게 보아야 할지, 현행 민사판례의 입장처럼 가장납입의 효력을 사법(私法)상 유효하다고 볼 경우 어떠한 실익이 있는지를 살펴보고, 민사판례와 달리 납입무효설에 입각하여 납입가장죄로만 처벌하고 배임죄에 의한 처벌을 하지 않는 현행 형사판례의 입장을 비판하고 형사판례의 입장의 수정방향에 관하여 검토하였다. 이 글은 가장납입에 관한 민사판례의 입장을 지지하여 형사판례가 납입무효설의 입장을 폐기하고 배임죄로 처벌하는 것이 바람직하다고 결론을 내리고 있다. 가장납입행위는 대가 없이 회사에 부담을 안기고 대외적으로 회사의 재력에 대하여 오신을 불러일으키므로 엄격히 규제되어야 한다. 하지만 이를 상법상 납입가장죄로 규율하는 것보다는 형법 또는 ｢특정경제범죄 가중처벌 등에 관한 법률｣상 배임죄로 규율하는 것이 법리적 오해 불식, 법적용 편의, 형량 균형, 유통 주식/사채의 거래안전 측면에서 실익이 있으며, 사법(私法)상 가장납입을 유효하다고 보는 민사판례의 입장에도 부응하게 된다. 이 점에서 가장납입에 의하여 전환사채를 발행한 자에 대하여 원칙적으로 업무상배임죄의 성립을 긍정한 대법원의 2012도235 판결은 고무적이다. 전환사채는 별도의 납입없이 전환권 행사로 곧바로 주식으로 전환될 수 있는 것이라는 점에서 주식과 상당부분 유사성을 띠고 있으므로, 전환사채의 가장납입에 관한 판단이긴 하지만 2012도235 판결의 방향은 바람직하다. 납입유효설로 통일하여 형사적 죄책을 따질 경우의 실익이 적지 않은 이상, 2003도7645와 같이 주금의 가장납입에 대하여 배임죄등의 성립을 부정하는 판례의 입장은 변경되어야 하며, 필요할 경우 입법적으로 해결할 수 있다. This paper studies on the effect of so-called disguised payment whereby there is in fact no payment of newly issued stocks and/or convertible bonds, including any practical benefit following the Korean civil precedents which deal with such disguised payment as legally effective. This study also criticizes that the Korean Supreme Court’s present attitude which it has shown from its criminal precedents about disguised payments and examines the direction of Korean Supreme Court’s attitude in criminal cases. Disguised payment should be strictly regulated because it not only causes burdens to the issuing company but also incurs misbeliefs to the issuer’s creditors, etc. about its financial position. However, disguised payment had better be regulated by the Crimes of Misappropriation of the Korean Criminal Act or a Korean special Act – the Act on the Aggravated Punishment, etc. of Specific Economic Crimes which imposes an aggravated punishment rather than by the Crimes of Disguised Payment under the Korean Commercial Act in consideration of dispelling misunderstanding of law, convenience in legal practice, balanced sentences in Korean situation, and transaction security for stocks circulated. In this aspect, the Korean Supreme Court’s judgment of 2012DO235 is encouraging whereby it shows that a Crime of Misappropriation can be in principle sentenced to directors who engaged in issuing convertible bonds by disguised payment. Convertible bonds can be converted into stocks without additional payments to an issuing company once bond holders exercise their convertible rights. Therefore, this ruling of 2012DO235 can suggest a desirable direction which the Korean criminal precedents should aim at. Korean criminal judgments like ruling of 2003DO7645 should be changed toward the way that disguised payments are legally effective and that the participants of disguised payment should be sentenced by the Crime of Misappropriation.

조직개발과 성인학습 : 인력개발 조직의 변화혁신 사례

양기훈 한국성인교육학회 2007 Andragogy Today : International Journal of Adult & Vol.10 No.3

개념 표현을 자연언어 문장으로 변환하기 위한 혼용방법

양기철,김수정 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1993 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.1 No.-

Motivated by the multifaceted requirements of Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems, we decided to design an integrated scheme by fusing two different basic approaches. The integrated scheme presented here is designed by incorporating the grammar-based system and knowledge-based system. This hybrid scheme provides a good balance between the grammar and the knowledge in lexicon.

페트리네트 모델검증을 위한 도구개발에 관한 연구

양기철,최정종 木浦大學校 情報産業硏究所 1995 情報産業硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

In this thesis, a study on development of a petri net verification tool is presented. The developed tool consist with a petri net structure generation module and an execution module. A petri net is represented as a matrix in a computer. The tool executes marked petri net by applying firing rules and show a transformed state of petri net in each step. Various states of petri net(such a conflict, reachability and liveness) are identified during execution and a petri net can be verified by finding those states. The verification tool will be useful to verify a complex model which is designed with petri net.

문서인식 시스템에서의 문자인식의 후처리를 위한 한국어 처리 시스템의 설계

양기주 동국대학교 자연과학연구원 1995 자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

This paper describes a Korean language processing system devised for an optical character recognition system which scans printed texts and converts textual images to computer character codes. In particular, the work described here is focused on the design of a Morphological Korean analyzer coupled with a Dependency Grammar-based Korean syntactic analyzer which receives the recognized character codes from the optical character recognition system and checks out the validity of such characters by the syntax of the sentence that those characters form. For the Morphological analysis we have developed more than 100 morphological classes. For the syntactic analyzer, we have adopted Dependency Grammar as the grammar formalism since it is difficult to analyze the sentences of Korean language via Phrase Structure Grammar (which is known to be suitable for a rigid word-order language such as English) due to the fact that Korean language is a free word-order language and has a tendency that some constituents may frequently be omitted in sentences. In out system the parsing algorithm analyzes sentences (using Chart Parsing technique) in a right-to-left scanning fashion because the governor usually occurs after its dependent in Korean language. Since the main purpose of our Korean language processing system is to check and correct the words' spelling, we included the semantic information as well as syntactic information of words so that when ambiguity arises both information can be taken into account.

Type AㆍB형에 따른 갈등관리유형 선호의 차이

梁綺동,李光露 건국대학교 사회정책연구소 1998 사회과학연구 Vol.9 No.-

3차원 광밴드갭 결정 : 제조와 응용 Fabrication and Applications

양승만,이기라 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.3

미시적 공간에서 광자르 자유롭게 제어할 수 있는 소재인 광결정은 광통신과 광컴퓨터에 쓰이는 채널드롭 필터(channel drop filter), 광파가이드(optical waveguide), 나노레이저(nanolaser)와 같은 핵심소자의 기본 재료일 뿐만 아니라 차세대 마이크로디스플레이의 칼라화소로 활용될 수 있다. 본 글에서는 3차원 광결정의 기본 개념과 지금까지 제안된 제조공정을 소개하고 응용분야에 대해 살펴본다. 광결정 제조 공정 중 화학공학자들의 관심을 끌 수 있는 콜로이드 자기조합체(self-assembly)의 3차원 광결정으로의 응용에 대해 중점적으로 소개하고자 한다. Photonic crystals are referred to as semiconductors for light and can control the flow of photons in microscopic space since semiconductors do the flow of electrons in ULSI(Ulta Large Scale Integration) circuits. Therefore, photonic crystals have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications including channel-drop filters, nanolasers, optical waveguides and others that are required for the development of next-generation optical telecommucation devices and optical computers. Photonic crystal balls at micrometer scales can be also used as full-color pixel sources in fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals have attracted enormous attention due to their potential applications including channel-drop filters, nanolasers, optical waveguides and others that are required for the development of next-generation optical telecommunication devices and optical computers. Photonic crystal balls at micrometer scales can be also used as full-color pixel sources in the pioneering microdissional photonic crystals, and their potential application areas. In particular, we emphasize the colloidal self-assembly scheme that is the most attractive to chemical engineers among several synthetic methods.