알데히드탈수소효소 2(ALDH2) 및 CYP2E1 유전자 다형성에 따른 요중 뮤콘산 농도와 요중 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine과의 관련성

김용대,강종원,엄상용,장연위,김성훈,김은영,이철호,문재동,김헌 대한산업의학회 2007 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.19 No.2

WHAT SHOULD GLOBAL COMPANIES DO IN SITUATION OF UNPREDICTABLE CONSUMER BOYCOTTS? ROLE OF CROSS-CULTURE EMOTIONS

Xiuyan Yan,Changju Kim,Jungkeun Kim 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2023 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2023 No.07

This study aims to empirically investigate how corporate strategy mitigates consumer boycotts caused by animosity toward economic sanction. First, the study focuses on the cross-culture emotions (i.e., animosity and affinity) and explores the direct and indirect effect of animosity toward economic sanction on boycott attitude (via consumer affinity). Additionally, it focuses on the moderating effect of brand strength and corporate social contribution on boycott attitude. We conduct a longitudinal analysis of boycotts by South Koreans on the Japanese products, which started in South Korea in 2019; and additionally, we employ PROCESS macro to test the moderated mediation hypothesis, using the data collected from South Korea in 2020 and 2021. Our findings reveal that the data collected in 2020 and in 2021 have the same implications. The main findings are as follows. First, while animosity toward economic sanction directly increases boycott attitude, it also indirectly increases boycott attitude via consumer affinity. Second, the assumption that both brand strength and corporate social contribution weaken the positive and direct effects of animosity toward economic sanction on boycott attitude was not supported. Third, we find that corporate social contribution weakens the positive and indirect effect of animosity toward economic sanction on boycott attitude. However, unlike our prediction, brand strength strengthens the positive and indirect effects of animosity to economic sanction on boycott attitude. The three key theoretical implications are as follows. First, while many studies have examined the role of animosity as a cause of boycott, only a few studies have simultaneously addressed the conflicting emotions of affinity (Kim, Yan, Kim, Terasaki, & Furukawa, 2022). This study extends boycott research by exploring the relationship between animosity and boycott attitudes by considering the mediating effect of affinity. Second, to our best knowledge, only a few boycott studies have explored corporate strategies that adequately respond unanticipated country boycotts where the companies are not directly associated with the causes or motives of such boycotts (Kim & Kinoshita, 2023). This study extends boycott research by investigating brand strength and corporate social contribution as corporate strategies in the context of consumer boycotts. Third, although it is known that consumer boycotts change with time, only a few boycott studies are based on longitudinal analyses (Ettenson & Klein, 2005); hence, this study examines consumer boycotts longitudinally to improve the generalization of our findings. Our findings also present some managerial implications for global companies facing unexpected country boycotts by local consumers. When boycotts are caused by economic sanctions between countries, brand strength exerts a two-sided effect. Regarding consumer sentiment, the higher the brand strength, the higher the affinity for the country represented by the brand, and vice versa; however, consumers may also choose to boycott a brand with high strength. Consumers may feel angry and engage in boycotts when they feel betrayed by a brand with strong brand strength. However, corporate social contribution reinforces a sense of closeness in the country it presents and contributes toward mitigating the boycott attitude; this is because consumers consider their corporate social contribution as a beneficial activity for their country. Therefore, global companies that expand overseas should not only use their brand strength, but also engage in activities that are beneficial to the country and enhance the familiarity of the consumers of the country to develop a sense of cultural affinity. In addition, this study also has implications for policymakers. Economic sanctions against a specific country not only lower consumers’ affinity, but also leave a negative impact on the global companies with high brand strength. Therefore, policymakers must proceed with caution when they make an economic sanction for a certain country.

Lrfn2-Mutant Mice Display Suppressed Synaptic Plasticity and Inhibitory Synapse Development and Abnormal Social Communication and Startle Response

Li, Yan,Kim, Ryunhee,Cho, Yi Sul,Song, Woo Seok,Kim, Doyoun,Kim, Kyungdeok,Roh, Junyeop Daniel,Chung, Changuk,Park, Hanwool,Yang, Esther,Kim, Soo-Jeong,Ko, Jaewon,Kim, Hyun,Kim, Myoung-Hwan,Bae, Yong- Society for Neuroscience 2018 The Journal of neuroscience Vol.38 No.26

<P>SALM1 (SALM (synaptic adhesion-like molecule), also known as LRFN2 (leucine rich repeat and fibronectin type III domain containing), is a postsynaptic density (PSD)-95-interacting synaptic adhesion molecule implicated in the regulation of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) clustering largely based on in vitro data, although its in vivo functions remain unclear. Here, we found that mice lacking SALM1/LRFN2 (Lrfn2(-/-) mice) show a normal density of excitatory synapses but altered excitatory synaptic function, including enhanced NMDAR-dependent synaptic transmission but suppressed NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. Unexpectedly, SALM1expression was detected in both glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and Lrfn2(-/-) CA1 pyramidal neurons showed decreases in the density of inhibitory synapses and the frequency of spontaneous inhibitory synaptic transmission. Behaviorally, ultrasonic vocalization was suppressed in Lrfn2(-/-) pups separated from their mothers and acoustic startle was enhanced, but locomotion, anxiety-like behavior, social interaction, repetitive behaviors, and learning and memory were largely normal in adult male Lrfn2(-/-) mice. These results suggest that SALM1/LRFN2 regulates excitatory synapse function, inhibitory synapse development, and social communication and startle behaviors in mice.</P>

Urinary MicroRNAs of Prostate Cancer: Virus-Encoded hsv1-miRH18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p Could Be Valuable Diagnostic Markers

Yun, Seok Joong,Jeong, Pildu,Kang, Ho Won,Kim, Ye-Hwan,Kim, Eun-Ah,Yan, Chunri,Choi, Young-Ki,Kim, Dongho,Kim, Jung Min,Kim, Seon-Kyu,Kim, Seon-Young,Kim, Sang Tae,Kim, Won Tae,Lee, Ok-Jun,Koh, Gou-Yo Korean Continence Society 2015 International Neurourology Journal Vol.19 No.2

<P><B>Purpose:</B></P><P>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) in biological fluids are potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and assessment of urological diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). The aim of the study was to identify and validate urinary cell-free miRNAs that can segregate patients with PCa from those with BPH. </P><P><B>Methods:</B></P><P>In total, 1,052 urine, 150 serum, and 150 prostate tissue samples from patients with PCa or BPH were used in the study. A urine-based miRNA microarray analysis suggested the presence of differentially expressed urinary miRNAs in patients with PCa, and these were further validated in three independent PCa cohorts, using a quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction analysis. </P><P><B>Results:</B></P><P>The expression levels of hsa-miR-615-3p, hsv1-miR-H18, hsv2-miR-H9-5p, and hsa-miR-4316 were significantly higher in urine samples of patients with PCa than in those of BPH controls. In particular, herpes simplex virus (hsv)-derived hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p showed better diagnostic performance than did the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test for patients in the PSA gray zone. Furthermore, a combination of urinary hsv2-miR-H9-5p with serum PSA showed high sensitivity and specificity, providing a potential clinical benefit by reducing unnecessary biopsies. </P><P><B>Conclusions:</B></P><P>Our findings showed that hsv-encoded hsv1-miR-H18 and hsv2-miR-H9-5p are significantly associated with PCa and can facilitate early diagnosis of PCa for patients within the serum PSA gray zone.</P>

<i>CDC6</i> mRNA Expression Is Associated with the Aggressiveness of Prostate Cancer

Kim, Ye-Hwan,Byun, Young Joon,Kim, Won Tae,Jeong, Pildu,Yan, Chunri,Kang, Ho Won,Kim, Yong-June,Lee, Sang-Cheol,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Choi, Yung-Hyun,Yun, Seok Joong,Kim, Wun-Jae KOREAN ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2018 JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE Vol.33 No.47

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is an essential regulator of DNA replication and plays important roles in the activation and maintenance of the checkpoint mechanisms in the cell cycle. CDC6 has been associated with oncogenic activities in human cancers; however, the clinical significance of CDC6 in prostate cancer (PCa) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated whether the <I>CDC6</I> mRNA expression level is a diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>The study subjects included 121 PCa patients and 66 age-matched benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients. <I>CDC6</I> expression was evaluated using real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical (IH) staining, and then compared according to the clinicopathological characteristics of PCa.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P><I>CDC6</I> mRNA expression was significantly higher in PCa tissues than in BPH control tissues (<I>P</I> = 0.005). In addition, <I>CDC6</I> expression was significantly higher in patients with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels (> 20 ng/mL), a high Gleason score, and advanced stage than in those with low PSA levels, a low Gleason score, and earlier stage, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high expression of <I>CDC6</I> was significantly associated with advanced stage (≥ T3b) (odds ratio [OR], 3.005; confidence interval [CI], 1.212–7.450; <I>P</I> = 0.018) and metastasis (OR, 4.192; CI, 1.079–16.286; <I>P</I> = 0.038). Intense IH staining for CDC6 was significantly associated with a high Gleason score and advanced tumor stage including lymph node metastasis stage (linear-by-linear association, <I>P</I> = 0.044 and <I>P</I> = 0.003, respectively).</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P><I>CDC6</I> expression is associated with aggressive clinicopathological characteristics in PCa. CDC6 may be a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker in PCa patients.</P>

Metabolic Pathway Signatures Associated with Urinary Metabolite Biomarkers Differentiate Bladder Cancer Patients from Healthy Controls

Kim, Won Tae,Yun, Seok Joong,Yan, Chunri,Jeong, Pildu,Kim, Ye Hwan,Lee, Il-Seok,Kang, Ho-Won,Park, Sunghyouk,Moon, Sung-Kwon,Choi, Yung-Hyun,Choi, Young Deuk,Kim, Isaac Yi,Kim, Jayoung,Kim, Wun-Jae Yonsei University College of Medicine 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.4

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>Our previous high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry study identified bladder cancer (BCA)-specific urine metabolites, including carnitine, acylcarnitines, and melatonin. The objective of the current study was to determine which metabolic pathways are perturbed in BCA, based on our previously identified urinary metabolome.</P><P><B>Materials and Methods</B></P><P>A total of 135 primary BCA samples and 26 control tissue samples from healthy volunteers were analyzed. The association between specific urinary metabolites and their related encoding genes was analyzed.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Significant alterations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways were detected in urine specimens from BCA patients compared to those of healthy controls. The expression of eight genes involved in the carnitine-acylcarnitine metabolic pathway (<I>CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT1C, CPT2, SLC25A20</I>, and <I>CRAT</I>) or tryptophan metabolism (<I>TPH1</I> and <I>IDO1</I>) was assessed by RT-PCR in our BCA cohort (n=135). C<I>PT1B, CPT1C, SLC25A20, CRAT, TPH1</I>, and <I>IOD1</I> were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to normal bladder tissues (<I>p</I><0.05 all) of patients with non-muscle invasive BCA, whereas <I>CPT1B, CPT1C, CRAT</I>, and <I>TPH1</I> were downregulated in those with muscle invasive BCA (<I>p</I><0.05), with no changes in <I>IDO1</I> expression.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Alterations in the expression of genes associated with the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways, which were the most perturbed pathways in BCA, were determined.</P>

Pretreated fucoidan confers neuroprotection against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 area via reducing of glial cell activation and oxidative stress

Kim, Hyunjung,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Song, Minah,Kim, Dae Won,Lee, Tae-Kyeong,Lee, Jae-Chul,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Cho, Jun Hwi,Hwang, In Koo,Yan, Bing Chun,Won, Moo-Ho,Park, Joon Ha Elsevier 2019 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.109 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide derived from brown algae and possesses various beneficial activities, including antioxidant property. Previous studies have shown that fucoidan displays protective effect against ischemia-reperfusion injury in some organs. However, few studies have been reported regarding the protective effect of fucoidan against transient cerebral ischemic insults and its related mechanisms. Therefore, in this study, we examined the neuroprotective effect of fucoidan against transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI), as well as underlying its mechanism using a gerbil model of tGCI which shows a loss of pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area after 5 min of tGCI. Fucoidan (25 and 50 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally administered once daily for 5 days before tGCI. Pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan, not 25 mg/kg of fucoidan, attenuated tGCI-induced hyperactivity and protected CA1 pyramidal neurons from tGCI. In addition, pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan inhibited activations of astrocytes and microglia in the ischemic CA1 area. Furthermore, pretreatment with 50 mg/kg of fucoidan significantly reduced the increased 4-hydroxy-2-noneal and superoxide anion radical production in the ischemic CA1 area and significantly increased expressions of SOD1 and SOD2 in the CA1 pyramidal neurons before and after tGCI. Additionally, treatment with diethyldithiocarbamate (an inhibitor of SODs) to the fucoidan-treated gerbils notably abolished the fucoidan-mediated neuroprotection. In brief, our present results indicate that fucoidan can effectively protect neurons from tGCI through attenuation of activated glial cells and reduction of oxidative stress via increase of SODs. Thus, we strongly suggest that fucoidan can be used as a useful preventive agent in cerebral ischemia.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Pretreatment with fucoidan protects CA1 pyramidal neurons from ischemic damage. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan inhibits activation of glial cells in ischemic CA1 area. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan attenuates oxidative stress in CA1 area after ischemic insult. </LI> <LI> Pretreated fucoidan increases SODs expressions in ischemic CA1 pyramidal neurons. </LI> <LI> Fucoidan-mediated neuroprotection is abolished by DDC (SODs inhibitor) treatment. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

A Case Study of EFL College Students' English Learning Style Preferences in South Korea

Yan Lou(Yan Lou ), 김정인(Jungyin Kim) 학습자중심교과교육학회 2023 학습자중심교과교육연구 Vol.23 No.9

목적 이 연구는 두 EFL 영어 전공자의 학습 스타일을 탐색하여 학습 스타일에 영향을 미치는 요인을 식별하는 것을 목표로 했다. 방법 질적 연구를 통해 문화적 배경이 다른 2명의 영어 전공자(한국인 1명, 중국 유학생 1명)를 사례 연구로 선정했다. 연구원들은 2020년 10월부터 2021년 4월까지 한국 국립대학교에서 진행된 고급 영어 회화 수업의 현장 노트를 작성하고 인터뷰를 완료했고 데이터 분석 단계에서 연구자는 인터뷰 내용을 코딩하고 교실 관찰 기록 및 인터뷰 노트와 같은 추가 자료를 조사했다. 결과 한국학생 Alice의 시각 스타일이 동작 스타일을 통해 제고된 반면 국제중국학생 Cindy는 시각 스타일을 통해 청각 스타일을 향상시켰다. 다두 EFL 참가자의 서로 다른 학습 스타일에 영향을 미치는 요인이 가족 환경, 학교 환경 및 문화적 배경임을 발견했다. 결론 본 연구는 학습 선호도가 타고난 능력이 아니라 개인의 가정환경, 학교 환경 및 교사의 스타일, 문화적 배경에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 밝혔다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 개인이 자신의 학습 스타일을 알게 되면 이를 학습 과정에 도움이 된다. 또한 학생의 학습 스타일 특성을 파악하면 교사가 자신의 강의 스타일과 수업 자료를 탐색하는 데 도움이 된다. Objectives This study aimed to explore two EFL English majors’ learning styles to identify factors affecting their learning styles. Methods The study conducted qualitative research and selected two English majors with different cultural background (i.e., one Korean and one international Chinese student) as a case study. The researchers took field notes of an advanced English conversation class and completed interviews between October 2020 and April 2021 at a Korean national university. During the data analysis phase, the researchers coded the interview content and examined additional materials, such as classroom observation logs and interview notes. Results The researchers discovered that Korean student Alice had a visual learning style promoted through kinesthetic, whereas International Chinese student Cindy was an auditory learner, promoted through the visual. The factors that influenced the different learning styles of the two participants were: family environment, school environment and their cultural background. Conclusions This study revealed that learning preference is not an innate ability but may vary in accordance with individual's family environment, school environment and the teachers' styles, and culture background. Based on these findings, when the individual knows his/her learning style, s/he will integrate it in the process of learning. Moreover, identifying the characteristics of students' learning styles will assist teachers navigate their teaching style and class materials.

Ideal Blood Pressure in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation

Kim, Daehoon,Yang, Pil-Sung,Kim, Tae-Hoon,Jang, Eunsun,Shin, Hyejung,Kim, Ha Yan,Yu, Hee Tae,Uhm, Jae-Sun,Kim, Jong-Youn,Pak, Hui-Nam,Lee, Moon-Hyoung,Joung, Boyoung,Lip, Gregory Y.H. Elsevier 2018 JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY - Vol.72 No.11

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>The 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) Guideline for High Blood Pressure in Adults redefined hypertension as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥130 mm Hg or diastolic BP ≥80 mm Hg. The optimal BP for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain.</P> <P><B>Objectives</B></P> <P>The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline and to determine the ideal BP threshold for the management of high BP in patients with AF.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>This study analyzed data for 298,374 Korean adults with oral anticoagulant–naive, nonvalvular AF obtained from the National Health Insurance Service database from 2005 to 2015.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>According to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure guideline, 62.2% of the individuals in our sample had hypertension. After applying the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline, 79.4% had hypertension, including 17.2% with newly redefined hypertension (130 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg). Those with newly redefined hypertension had greater risks of major cardiovascular events (hazard ratio: 1.07; 95% confidence interval: 1.04 to 1.10; p < 0.001), ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and heart failure admission, compared with nonhypertensive patients (<130/80 mm Hg). Among patients with AF undergoing hypertension treatment, patients with BP ≥130/80 mm Hg or <120/80 mm Hg were at significantly higher risks of major cardiovascular events than patients with BP of 120 to 129/<80 mm Hg.</P> <P><B>Conclusions</B></P> <P>Patients with AF and newly redefined hypertension according to the 2017 ACC/AHA guideline were at higher risk of major cardiovascular events, suggesting that the new BP threshold is beneficial for timely diagnosis and intervention. BP of 120 to 129/<80 mm Hg was the optimal BP treatment target for patients with AF undergoing hypertension treatment.</P> <P><B>Central Illustration</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

GABAergic Excitation of Vasopressin Neurons : Possible Mechanism Underlying Sodium-Dependent Hypertension

Kim, Young-Beom,Kim, Yoon Sik,Kim, Woong Bin,Shen, Feng-Yan,Lee, Seung Won,Chung, Hyun Joo,Kim, Jeong Sook,Han, Hee Chul,Colwell, Christopher S.,Kim, Yang In American Heart Association, Inc. 2013 Circulation research Vol.113 No.12

<P><B><U>Rationale:</U></B></P><P>Increased arginine-vasopressin (AVP) secretion is a key physiological response to hyperosmotic stress and may be part of the mechanism by which high-salt diets induce or exacerbate hypertension.</P><P><B><U>Objective:</U></B></P><P>Using deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension model rats, we sought to test the hypothesis that changes in GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor–mediated inhibition in AVP-secreting magnocellular neurons contribute to the generation of Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension.</P><P><B><U>Methods and Results:</U></B></P><P>In vitro gramicidin-perforated recordings in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei revealed that the GABAergic inhibition in AVP-secreting neurons was converted into excitation in this model, because of the depolarization of GABA equilibrium potential. Meanwhile, in vivo extracellular recordings in the supraoptic nuclei showed that the GABAergic baroreflexive inhibition of magnocellular neurons was transformed to excitation, so that baroreceptor activation may increase AVP release. The depolarizing GABA equilibrium potential shift in AVP-secreting neurons occurred progressively over weeks of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment along with gradual increases in plasma AVP and blood pressure. Furthermore, the shift was associated with changes in chloride transporter expression and partially reversed by bumetanide (Na<SUP>+</SUP>-K<SUP>+</SUP>-2Cl<SUP>–</SUP> cotransporter inhibitor). Intracerebroventricular bumetanide administration during deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt treatment hindered the development of hypertension and rise in plasma AVP level. Muscimol (GABA<SUB>A</SUB> agonist) microinjection into the supraoptic nuclei in hypertensive rats increased blood pressure, which was prevented by previous intravenous V1a AVP antagonist injection.</P><P><B><U>Conclusions:</U></B></P><P>We conclude that the inhibitory-to-excitatory switch of GABA<SUB>A</SUB> receptor–mediated transmission in AVP neurons contributes to the generation of Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension by increasing AVP release. We speculate that normalizing the GABA equilibrium potential may have some utility in treating Na<SUP>+</SUP>-dependent hypertension.</P>