Study on Mobile Terminal Distribution Act : Effects of Subsidy Regulations

Xue Ting Yao,Ju won Kwak 한국유통과학회 2017 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

This paper analyzes the effect of the handset subsidy and the Mobile Number Portability subscriber subsidy regulation, which are the main regulation adopted in “Law on the Improvement of the Mobile Terminal Distribution System” (Mobile Terminal Distribution Act), on the social surplus, the consumer surplus and profits of telecommunications carriers. We focus our analysis on whether the service charge competition is stimulated enough so that it can compensate for the loss of subsidies. Number Portability subsidy, especially, undermines the rival’s market power and thus reduces the service charge. On the other hand, the regulations will also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers. However, social surplus is maximized when both of the regulations are present because the regulations reduces the frequency of switching handsets inefficiently. In enacting the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act, the telecommunications regulatory agency asserted that the regulation on subsidies will stimulate service charge competition, and in the long run, enhance the consumer surplus. However, contrary to the regulatory agency’s assertion, subsidy regulation, especially the regulation on Number Portability subsidy, reduces consumer surplus. On the other hand, the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act can also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers because it decreases competition among the telecommunications carriers.

Effects of Head Direction on Electromyographic Activity of Quadriceps, Center of Pressure and Foot Pressure during Squat Exercise

( Yao Xue ),( Kyu-ryeong Kim ),( Myoung-kwon Kim ) 대한물리의학회 2021 대한물리의학회지 Vol.16 No.2

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of changes in the head direction (forward, upward 10° and downward 10°) on the quadriceps, center of pressure (COP), and foot pressure during squat exercises. The aim was to determine if the head direction could better activate the quadriceps muscle and provide a safer and stable squat posture during squat exercise. METHODS: Fifteen healthy college students were asked to stand on a Zebris, and three electrodes for sEMG were attached to their vastus medialis oblique (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles. The participants then performed squatting exercises under three head directions (forward, upward 10°, and downward 10°). Surface electrodes were then used to record the EMG data during exercise. The Zebris FDM-SX was used to measure the foot pressure and COP of the participants. RESULTS: In squat exercise, the upward head direction group showed significantly higher VL activation than the downward head direction group (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant backward change in the deviation of the COP than the downward and forward groups (p < .05). The upward head direction group showed a significant decrease in forefoot pressure than the downward and forward groups (p < .05) and an increase in the hindfoot pressure compared to the downward and forward groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The head direction upward in squat exercise has a positive effect on the quadriceps.

Compute Similarity of CAD Models Based on Bipartite Graph

Xue-Yao Gao,Chun-Xiang Zhang,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Signal Processing, Image Vol.8 No.2

Model retrieval is widely applied to many fields including computer aided design, feature modeling and computer aided manufacturing. In order to retrieve a satisfied CAD model from a large model library, a new method to compute the similarity between two CAD models is presented in which a bipartite graph is used to match source faces with target faces. The number of edges in faces is extracted from CAD models. Based on the number of edges in faces, the similarity between source face and target face is computed. The maximum matching weight is calculated by KM algorithm. Then, the similarity between two CAD models is gotten. Several CAD models are given and their similarities are computed. Experimental results show that the method can evaluate the similarity between source CAD model and target CAD model efficiently.

2D Geometric Constraint Optimum Solving Based on Problem Decomposition

Xue-Yao Gao,Chun-Xiang Zhang,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Hybrid Information Techno Vol.8 No.1

Constraint solving is widely applied to many fields including computer aided design, 2 dimension (2D) model design and computer aided manufacturing. Geometric constraint solution is a difficult problem because there are a large number of entities and related parameters in 2D sketches. In this paper, a new method which decomposes geometric constraint relations based on entity-parameter graphs is proposed for reducing the size of constraint solution. A geometric constraint problem is decomposed into many independent sub-problems. Then, particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve constraint equations in each sub-problem. Solutions of all sub-problems are integrated to obtain the original problem’s solution. In experiments, the proposed method is applied to HUST-CAID system. Experimental results show that the method can effectively solve 2 dimension geometric constraints.

단말기 유통법에 관한 연구: 보조금 규제의 영향

Xue-Ting Yao,곽주원 한국유통과학회 2017 유통과학연구 Vol.15 No.12

Purpose – This paper analyzes the effect of the handset subsidy and the Mobile Number Portability subscriber subsidy regulation, which are the main regulation adopted in “Law on the Improvement of the Mobile Terminal Distribution System” (Mobile Terminal Distribution Act), on the social surplus, the consumer surplus and profits of telecommunications carriers. We focus our analysis on whether the service charge competition is stimulated enough so that it can compensate for the loss of subsidies. Research design, data, and methodology – We use simple economic model to assess the impact of the handset subsidy and the Mobile Number Portability subscriber subsidy regulation. Unlike the former researches on this topic, we depart from using Hotelling model, and instead use the switching cost model, which uses switching cost as a parameter of market powers of telecommunications carriers. We also study the effect of the two different regulations when they are adopted both independently and concurrently. Results – If the market powers of telecommunications carriers are over certain threshold, contrary to the regulatory agency’s assertion, the service charge competition would not be stimulated enough to compensate for the deduction in the subsidies, and thus the consumer surplus is compromised. Number Portability subsidy, especially, undermines the rival’s market power and thus reduces the service charge. On the other hand, the regulations will also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers. However, social surplus is maximized when both of the regulations are present because the regulations reduces the frequency of switching handsets inefficiently. Conclusions - In enacting the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act, the telecommunications regulatory agency asserted that the regulation on subsidies will stimulate service charge competition, and in the long run, enhance the consumer surplus. However, contrary to the regulatory agency’s assertion, subsidy regulation, especially the regulation on Number Portability subsidy, reduces consumer surplus. On the other hand, the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act can also increase the profits of telecommunications carriers because it decreases competition among the telecommunications carriers. However, the Mobile Terminal Distribution Act can increase the social surplus because it reduces inefficient switching of handsets.

The Role of GABA in Spinal Cord Injury

Xue Yao 대한척추신경외과학회 2022 Neurospine Vol.19 No.3

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Retrieve CAD Model Based on Face Matching Sequence

Gao Xue-Yao,Li Hui-Nan,Hu Ru,Zhang Chun-Xiang 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.9 No.3

A new model retrieval method based on face matching sequence is proposed in this paper. Attribute adjacent graph is used to describe two faces’ geometry similarity and topological relationship in CAD model. According to the difference of edge numbers, similarities between two models’ faces are computed and face similarity matrix is constructed. Ant colony algorithm (ACA) is applied to obtain an optimal sequence of matching faces between two models. Accumulate similarity values of optimal matching faces to calculate two models’ similarity. Experimental results show that this method can evaluate two CAD models’ shape difference effectively.

Name and Maintain Topological Faces in Rotating and Scanning Features

Gao Xue-Yao,Li Jia-Qi,Guo Hao,Gao Yun-Feng,Liu Yu-Hong 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Grid and Distributed Comp Vol.9 No.3

Features created in rotating and scanning operations are very complex. Naming and identifying their topological faces is an important problem in CAD fields. In this paper, a new method of coding topological faces in rotating and scanning features is proposed. Firstly, contour segments are numbered. Secondly, an angle between contour segment and rotating axis is computed. Thirdly, all topological faces are named based on contour segments’ numbers, rotating axis and other information. When a face splits and several subfaces merge, a method of processing their codes is given. The proposed method is applied to HUST-CAID feature modeling system. Experimental results show that it can name and identify topological faces effectively in operations.

Traditional Chinese medicine for COVID-19 pandemic and emerging challenges: An online cross-sectional survey in China

Chun-Li Lu,Ruo-Xiang Zheng,Xue Xue,Xiao-Wen Zhang,Xue-Han Liu,Xin-Yan Jin,Feng-Lan Pu,Hui-Di Lan,Min Fang,Ling-Yao Kong,Merlin Willcox,Bertrand Graz,Joelle Houriet,Xiao-Yang Hu,Jian-ping Liu 한국한의학연구원 2021 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.10 No.-

Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines. Background We aimed to investigate use of infection control behaviours, preventative and therapeutic interventions, and outcomes among respondents to an online survey during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods The survey was designed by an international team, translated and adapted to simplified Chinese, including 132 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recommended by guidelines. It was distributed and collected from February to May 2021, with data analysed by WPS spreadsheet and wjx.cn. Descriptive statistics were used to describe demographics and clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatments, preventative behaviours and interventions, and their associated outcomes. Results The survey was accessed 503 times with 341 (67.8%) completions covering 23 provinces and four municipalities in China. Most (282/341, 82.7%) respondents reported no symptoms during the pandemic and the majority (290/341, 85.0%) reported having a SARS-CoV-2 PCR test at some point. Forty-five (13.2%) reported having a respiratory infection, among which 19 (42.2%) took one or more categories of modern medicine, e.g. painkillers, antibiotics; 16 (35.6%) used TCM interventions(s); while seven respondents combined TCM with modern medicine. All respondents reported using at least one behavioural or medical approach to prevention, with 22.3% taking TCM and 5.3% taking modern medicines. No respondents reported having a critical condition related to COVID-19. Conclusion We found evidence of widespread use of infection control behaviours, modern medicines and TCM for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and other respiratory symptoms. Larger scale studies are warranted, including a more representative sample exploring TCM preparations recommended in clinical guidelines.

Disambiguate Chinese Word Sense Based on Linguistics Knowledge

Chun-Xiang Zhang,Long Deng,Xue-Yao Gao,Zhi-Mao Lu 보안공학연구지원센터 2014 International Journal of Database Theory and Appli Vol.7 No.6

Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is important to many application problems in natural language processing fields, such as machine translation, parsing analysis and information retrieval. In this paper, we propose a new method to determine correct sense categories of Chinese words based on linguistics knowledge. The left word string and the right word string around the ambiguous word are respectively analyzed. Their syntactic structures are obtained for determining its intended sense. Syntactic category and part of speech are extracted as disambiguation features. A naive bayesian model is used as the classifier. Experimental results showed that the accuracy rate of classification arrives at 64%. The performance of disambiguation is improved.