TRICHODERMA SPECIES FROM CAMEROON AND THEIR ANTAGONISM AGAINST THE PATHOGEN OF COCOYAM ROOT ROT DISEASE

( Xu Tong,L . N . Tasadjieu ) 한국균학회 1995 95 SECOND JOINT SEIMINAR Vol.- No.-

Detection of Cucumber Powdery Mildew Based on Spectral and Image Information

Xu Ji Tong,Zhang Zhe,Guo Yu Hang,Liu Yufeng,Ning Xiao Feng 한국농업기계학회 2023 바이오시스템공학 Vol.48 No.2

Purpose The aim of this study was to fi nd the optimal detection method for cucumber powdery mildew and improve the identifi cation effi ciency. Methods Image segmentation technology was used to extract spot images and grade classifi cation of powdery mildew. The relationship between powdery mildew spot and spectral refl ectance and intensity was studied. The powdery mildew detection model was established by using qualitative analysis and quantitative prediction methods combined with greenness ( a* ) indices of cucumber leaves. Results There were strong positive correlations between greenness and spectrum in some characteristic bands. Through the extraction of disease spot images and disease classifi cation, it was found that the higher the disease grade of leaves was, the higher the spectral refl ectivity and fl uorescence intensity. In the quantitative prediction model, the R 2 of the NIR spectrum was improved (0.8742) after MSC and SPA, and the eff ect of the fl uorescence spectrum model was not ideal. In the qualitative discriminant model, KNN and ensemble subspace discriminant were obtained for two kinds of spectra, and the identifi cation accuracy of the qualitative model was 97.5% after verifi cation. Conclusion An NIR spectral model can be used for the quantitative prediction of cucumber powdery mildew. The qualitative discriminant model had high accuracy for cucumber powdery mildew.

Researches on Ominimedia Development Strategies and Core Competitive Strength Improvement in the Context of Triple Play

Xu Zhiqiang,He Jialiang,Liu Tong,Li Haidong 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.8 No.1

In the context of triple play Ominimedia is not just the simple combination of various media, but the aggregation of all media with different features, communication power and influences,and the interaction and mutual fusion among media of different forms and functions. This paper, based on the development trend of triple play, focused on the theme of Ominimedia, studied the traditional media development strategies to Ominimedia and analyzed in detail the strategies of cloud, tube, end and content aggregation. At the same time it explored the strategies for Ominimedia core competitive strength improvement from multiple dimensions of 3D media, communication channel, AirSharing and brand operation with the expectation of offering references to Ominimedia globalization in the context of triple play.

Plumbagin from Plumbago Zeylanica L Induces Apoptosis in Human Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cell Lines through NF-κB Inactivation

Xu, Tong-Peng,Shen, Hua,Liu, Ling-Xiang,Shu, Yong-Qian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.4

Objective: To detect effects of plumbagin on proliferation and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines, and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Materials and Methods: Human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines A549, H292 and H460 were treated with various concentrations of plumbagin. Cell proliferation rates was determined using both cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide double-labeled flow cytometry and TUNEL assay. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. Activity of NF-${\kappa}B$ was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and luciferase reporter assay. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of both NF-${\kappa}B$ regulated apoptotic-related gene and activation of p65 and $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$. Results: Plumbagin dose-dependently inhibited proliferation of the lung cancer cells. The IC50 values of plumbagin in A549, H292, and H460 cells were 10.3 ${\mu}mol/L$, 7.3 ${\mu}mol/L$, and 6.1 ${\mu}mol/L$ for 12 hours, respectively. The compound concentration-dependently induced apoptosis of the three cell lines. Treatment with plumbagin increased the intracellular level of ROS, and inhibited the activation of NK-${\kappa}B$. In addition to inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$/p65 nuclear translocation, the compound also suppressed the degradation of $I{\kappa}B{\kappa}$. ROS scavenger NAC highly reversed the effect of plumbagin on apoptosis and inactivation of NK-${\kappa}B$ in H460 cell line. Treatment with plumbagin also increased the activity of caspase-9 and caspase-3, downregulated the expression of Bcl-2, upregulated the expression of Bax, Bak, and CytC. Conclusions: Plumbagin inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in human lung cancer cells through an NF-${\kappa}B$-regulated mitochondrial-mediated pathway, involving activation of ROS.

Cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 26Al) erosion rate constraints in the Badain Jaran Desert, northwest China: implications for surface erosion mechanisms and landform evolution

Tong Zhao,Wenjing Liu,Zhifang Xu,Taoze Liu,Sheng Xu,Lifeng Cui,Chao Shi 한국지질과학협의회 2019 Geosciences Journal Vol.23 No.1

Both tectonics and climate affect surface erosion and change the landform. Long-term surface erosion rates determined by in situ produced cosmogenic nuclides are useful quantitative constraints for landform evolution in geological time scale. Measurements of cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al in the granitic rocks exposed in the Badain Jaran Desert, give a mean erosion rate of 7.3 ± 2.6 m/Ma, which is an order of magnitude higher than those reported in other extremely arid regions. Tectonic activity is supposed to be the first order control on regional erosion rate by comparing the 10Be erosion rates of arid regions with different precipitation ranges and tectonic activities worldwide. However the higher erosion rates in the Badain Jaran Desert compared with other arid regions within the stable tectonic background were attributed to the wind erosion and periodically warmer and wetter climate since late Pleistocene. Besides, the estimated eroded mass flux of 7.8 × 104 t/y suggests that erosion products of bedrocks in the Badian Jaran Desert only contribute minor desert deposits, which indicates massive exogenous materials input to the desert.

Autophagy in Tumorigenesis and Cancer Treatment

Xu, Dong-Wei,Zhang, Guan-Qing,Wang, Zong-Wei,Xu, Xiao-Yin,Liu, Tong-Xiang Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.6

Autophagy is a self-digestion process, wrapping cytoplasmic proteins or organelles to form vesicles for degradation in lysosomes. The process plays an important role in the maintenance of intracellular homostasis. Here we overview articles on autophagy and cancer/tumors in Pubmed and found 327 articles. Autophagy exists in many tumors and is involved in cell malignant transformation and tumor cell growth. In early phases of tumorigenesis, autophagy clears the abnormally folded proteins and dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria. Autophagy can also inhibit cell stress responses and prevent genetic damage. When a tumor develops, autophagy helps tumor cells survive nutritional deficiencies and hypoxic conditions. Studies of autophagy in the occurrence and progression of tumors should provide new therapeutic strategies for tumors.

MicroRNA-155 Expression has Prognostic Value in Patients with Non-small Cell Lung Cancer and Digestive System Carcinomas

Xu, Tong-Peng,Zhu, Can-Hong,Zhang, Jian,Xia, Rui,Wu, Feng-Lei,Han, Liang,Shen, Hua,Liu, Ling-Xiang,Shu, Yong-Qian Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.12

Objective: Published data have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) could play a potential role as diagnostic and prognostic indicators in cancers. Data for the predictive value of microRNA-155 are inconclusive. The aim of the present analysis was therefore to evaluate the role of miR-155 in prognosis for patients with a variety of carcinomas. Methods: Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed and EMBASE. Data were extracted from studies comparing overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with carcinoma with higher miR-155 expression and those with lower levels. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of miR-155 for clinical outcome were calculated. Results: A total of 15 studies were included. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for OS of higher miR-155 expression in cancerous tissue was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.20-2.99, P=0.006), which could markedly predict poorer survival in general cancer. For RFS/CSS, elevated miR-155 was also associated with poor prognosis of cancer (HR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.10-2.05, P=0.01). On subgroup analysis, the pooled HR for OS in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was 2.09 (95% CI: 0.68-6.41, P > 0.05), but for RFS/CSS was 1.28 (95% CI: 1.05-1.55, P=0.015), with statistical significance; the pooled HRs for OS and RFS/CSS in digestive system neoplasms were 3.04 (95% CI: 1.48-6.24, P=0.003) and 2.61 (95% CI: 1.98-3.42, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions: The results indicated that the miR-155 expression level plays a prognostic role in patients with cancer, especially NSCLCs and digestive system carcinomas.

한ㆍ중 소설에 나타난 한국전쟁과 미군의 형상화

( Xu Tong ) 한민족문화학회 2018 한민족문화연구 Vol.64 No.-

본 연구는 한ㆍ중 작가에 의해 형상화된 한국전쟁 작품 중 미군이 등장하는 작품을 중심으로 양국 작가의 미군 형상화에 대한 시각 차이와 그 의미를 분석해 보고자 한다.전쟁 초기 몇 개월을 제외하고 국제전(國際戰)의 성격을 지녔던 한국 전쟁을 형상화한 작품 속에서 미국군과 참전군의 모습을 비중 있게 다룬 작품 편수는 생각만큼 많지 않다. 그런데 특이한 점은 형상화된 작품의 상당 수 속에서 한국의 ‘영원한 우방’을 자처하며 참전했던 미군의 모습이 생각 외로 부정적이고 야만적으로 형상화되고 있다는 것이다. 미군은 매춘 문제와 연관되어 있거나 비인간적인 성격을 지니고 있는 것으로 묘사된다. 반대로, 전쟁의 상대방이었던 적군 중국군에 대해서는 적개심을 드러내기보다 그들의 참전으로 인해 일반 민중들이 겪었던 피난의 고통과 인명피해의 모습을 보다 구체적으로 보여 주고 있다. 현실적인 국제 관계를 고려할 때 상투적으로 한국의 작품에서 우군인 미군은 정의롭고 선한 긍정적인 모습으로, 적군인 중국군은 잔인하고 부정한 악인으로 묘사되었을 것이라는 상상은 실제 작품을 분석해 본 결과 선입견에 불과했다. 이러한 사실은 한국작가들이 제한된 체험 내에서 자신이 파악한 한국전쟁 시기 현실의 모습을 피상적이거나 이데올로기적으로 편향된 채 바라보지 않고 현실의 이면, 드러난 사실의 배면 속에 감춰진 진실을 파헤치고자 노력했던 작가정신의 산물로 설명해 볼 수 있다. 그리고 이러한 사실은 중국 작가에 비해 상대적 자율성을 지닌 한국 작가들의 특성을 잘 보여 준다. 중국 소설은 한국 소설과 달리 보다 구체적으로 미군의 모습을 형상화하고 있으나 다소 도식적이라고 할 수 있다. 미군은 적이기에 모두 악인으로 등장하며, 잔인한 살인자이면서 비겁한 겁쟁이로 묘사된다. 이러한 사실은 전쟁을 바라보는 인식, 시각, 표현의 정도가 작가가 위치한 공동체, 경험의 양상에 따라 차이가 드러나는 지점이다. 마지막으로 한ㆍ중 전쟁소설의 전시, 전후작품에 따라 미군 형상화의 차이에 대해 알아보고자 한다. The US military have diversified images in the ROK and mainland China Korean War literature. Through the examination of visualized Korean War literature, the research analyzes those different images, as well as their significance, which are shaped by the ROK and mainland China novelists.Apart from several months at the very beginning of the Korean War, which is an international war, the number of literature that illustrates the US and other war parties is not considerable. Strangely, The US army, which participated in the war in the name of eternal ally, receives much criticism through a barbaric image in the ROK literature. US military characters are mainly described as being related to prostitution, and lack of humanism. On the other hand, no hostile spirit is showed in the ROK novels to the Chinese army, but the asylum and casualties caused by the Chinese intervention are specified. Due to realistic geopolitical factors, in the ROK literature, the US army would be described as the ally with friendly and kind images, while the Chinese troops, would be cruel and unclean. The fact shows that the ROK novelists try to discover the literature sprit that is behind the reality, regardless of the ideological bias or superficial observation. It might be determined that the ROK novelists are more self-regulated, compared with their counterparts in mainland China. Unlike the ROK literature, novels in mainland China share more common features in terms of the specification of the US military images, though those images are somehow orthodox. In mainland Chinese literature, the US military personnel is demonstrated as the evils, as well as wicked homicides with a cruel nature, because the US was the enemy during the war. It might be concluded that the differences in terms of political system and personal experiences in two countries lead to the diversified recognitions, perspectives and expressions.

Low beta superconducting cavity system design for HIAF iLinac

Mengxin Xu,Yuan He,Shengxue Zhang,Lubei Liu,Tiancai Jiang,Zehua Liang,Tong Liu,Yue Tao,Chunlong Li,Qitong Huang,Fengfeng Wang,Hao Guo,Feng Bai,Xianbo Xu,Shichun Huang,Xiaoli Li,Zhijun Wang,Shenghu Zha Korean Nuclear Society 2023 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.55 No.7

A superconducting ion-Linac (iLinac), which is supposed to work as the injector in the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility project, is under development at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences. The iLinac is a superconducting heavy ion linear accelerator approximately 100 meters long and contains 96 superconducting cavities in two types of 17 cyromodules. Two types of superconducting resonators (quarter-wave resonators with a frequency of 81.25 MHz and an optimal beta β = v/c = 0.07 called QWR007 and half-wave resonators with a frequency of 162.5 MHz and an optimal beta β = 0.15 called HWR015) have been investigated. The cavity design included extensive multi-parameter electromagnetic simulations and mechanical analysis, and its results are described in details. The fundamental power coupler and cavity dynamic tuner designs are also presented in this article. The prototypes are under manufacturing and expected to be ready in 2023.

Bacterial Community Structure and Function Shift in Rhizosphere Soil of Tobacco Plants Infected by Meloidogyne incognita

Wenjie Tong(Wenjie Tong),Junying Li(Junying Li),Wenfeng Cong(Wenfeng Cong),Cuiping Zhang(Cuiping Zhang),Zhaoli Xu(Zhaoli Xu),Xiaolong Chen(Xiaolong Chen),Min Yang(Min Yang),Jiani Liu(Jiani Liu),Lei Yu 한국식물병리학회 2022 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.38 No.6

Root-knot nematode disease is a widespread and catastrophic disease of tobacco. However, little is known about the relationship between rhizosphere bacterial community and root-knot nematode disease. This study used 16S rRNA gene sequencing and PICRUSt to assess bacterial community structure and function changes in rhizosphere soil from Meloidogyne incognita-infected tobacco plants. We studied the rhizosphere bacterial community structure of M. incognita-infected and uninfected tobacco plants through a paired comparison design in two regions of tobacco planting area, Yuxi and Jiuxiang of Yunnan Province, southwest China. According to the findings, M. incognita infection can alter the bacterial population in the soil. Uninfested soil has more operational taxonomic unit numbers and richness than infested soil. Principal Coordinate Analysis revealed clear separations between bacterial communities from infested and uninfested soil, indicating that different infection conditions resulted in significantly different bacterial community structures in soils. Firmicutes was prevalent in infested soil, but Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were prevalent in uninfested soil. Sphingomonas, Streptomyces, and Bradyrhizobium were the dominant bacteria genera, and their abundance were higher in infested soil. By PICRUSt analysis, some metabolism-related functions and signal transduction functions of the rhizosphere bacterial community in the M. incognita infection-tobacco plants had a higher relative abundance than those uninfected. As a result, rhizosphere soils from tobacco plants infected with M. incognita showed considerable bacterial community structure and function alterations.