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Identification of Tea Diseases Based on Spectral Reflectance and Machine Learning
Xiuguo Zou,Qiaomu Ren,Hongyi Cao,Yan Qian,Shuaitang Zhang 한국정보처리학회 2020 Journal of information processing systems Vol.16 No.2
With the ability to learn rules from training data, the machine learning model can classify unknown objects. Atthe same time, the dimension of hyperspectral data is usually large, which may cause an overfitting problem. In this research, an identification methodology of tea diseases was proposed based on spectral reflectance andmachine learning, including the feature selector based on the decision tree and the tea disease recognizer basedon random forest. The proposed identification methodology was evaluated through experiments. Theexperimental results showed that the recall rate and the F1 score were significantly improved by the proposedmethodology in the identification accuracy of tea disease, with average values of 15%, 7%, and 11%, respectively. Therefore, the proposed identification methodology could make relatively better feature selection and learnfrom high dimensional data so as to achieve the nondestructive and efficient identification of different teadiseases. This research provides a new idea for the feature selection of high dimensional data and the nondestructiveidentification of crop diseases.
Li, Xiuguo,Choi, Jun-Shik Potamitis Press 2009 Anticancer research Vol.29 No.4
<P>Etoposide [4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin-9-(4,6-O-ethylidene)-beta-D-glucopyranoside] is a substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A. This study was designed to investigate the effects of quercetin (3,5,7,3',4'-pentahydroxyflavanone), a P-gp and CYP3A inhibitor, on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats. Etoposide was administered to rats orally (9 mg/kg) or i.v. (3 mg/kg) without or with quercetin (1, 5 or 15 mg/kg). The plasma concentration of etoposide was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a fluorescence detector. In the presence of quercetin, the pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide were significantly altered in the oral group, but not in the i.v. group. The presence of quercetin significantly (5 mg/kg, p<0.05; 15 mg/kg, p<0.01) increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of orally administered etoposide from 43.0 or 53.2% . The presence of 5 or 15 mg/kg of quercetin significantly (p<0.05) decreased the total body clearance (CL/F) of oral etoposide. Consequently, compared to the control group (8.87%), the presence of quercetin significantly (5 mg/kg, p<0.05; 15 mg/kg, p<0.01) increased the absolute bioavailability (AB) of etoposide to 12.7 or 13.6% . The enhanced oral bioavailability of etoposide by quercetin could mainly be due to inhibition of P-gp-mediated efflux and CYP3A-catalyzed metabolism in the intestine by quercetin. The dosage regimen of etoposide in cancer therapy should take drug interaction into consideration when etoposide is administered with quercetin or dietary supplements containing quercetin.</P>
High-yield synthesis of monodispersed SBA-15 equilateral hexagonal platelet with thick wall
Cui, Xiuguo,Moon, Sik-Won,Zin, Wang-Cheol Elsevier 2006 Materials letters Vol.60 No.29-30
<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Monodispersed SBA-15 equilateral hexagonal platelets with thick silica wall have been synthesized at high yield (∼100%) by a static self-assembly strategy in the presence of commercial non-ionic block copolymer P104 and inorganic salt under acidic conditions. The results of the experiments show that the synthesized materials have a uniform internal structure of the well-ordered hexagonal mesoporous channels arrayed vertically to the platelet face, and a high monodispersity both in external morphology and particle size. An external morphological evolvement from hexagonal corona to crystal-like hexagonal platelet and then to biscuit-like hexagonal plate, as well as an increase of the pore size and a decrease of the silica wall thickness with increasing K<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB> concentrations in the template solution, has been found.</P>
Effects of morin on the pharmacokinetics of etoposide in rats
Li, Xiuguo,Yun, Jae-Kyung,Choi, Jun-Shik John Wiley Sons, Ltd. 2007 BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND DRUG DISPOSITION Vol.28 No.3
<P>This study investigated the effects of orally administered morin, an inhibitor of CYP isozyme and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous and orally administered etoposide in rats. It was reported that etoposide is a substrate for P-gp and metabolized mainly via CYP3A4 and to a lesser degree via CYP1A2 and 2E1. Etoposide was administered through intravenous (2 mg/kg) or oral (6 mg/kg) routes to rats with or without orally administered morin (5 or 15 mg/kg), which was administered 30 min before etoposide. The pharmacokinetic parameters of etoposide intravenously administered were not significantly different from other groups, suggesting that CYP 3A-mediated metabolism and the P-gp mediated efflux of etoposide in the liver and kidney seemed not to be markedly inhibited by orally administered morin. However, orally administered morin (15 mg/kg) significantly increased the AUC (45.8%), C<SUB>max</SUB> (32.0%) and the absolute bioavailability (35.9%) of orally administered etoposide compared with the control, which could be mainly due to inhibition of CYP isoenzyme and P-gp in the intestine by morin. The dosage regimen of etoposide should be taken into consideration for toxic reactions when combined with morin or dietary supplements containing morin in patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</P>
Characterization of microbiota diversity of engorged ticks collected from dogs in China
Seongjin Wang,Xiuguo Hua,Li Cui 대한수의학회 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science Vol.22 No.3
Background: Ticks are one of the most common external parasites in dogs, and are associated with the transmission of a number of major zoonoses, which result in serious harm to human health and even death. Also, the increasing number of pet dogs and pet owners in China has caused concern regarding human tick-borne illnesses. Accordingly, studies are needed to gain a complete understanding of the bacterial composition and diversity of the ticks that parasitize dogs. Objectives: To date, there have been relatively few reports on the analysis of the bacterial community structure and diversity in ticks that parasitize dogs. The objective of this study was to investigate the microbial composition and diversity of parasitic ticks of dogs, and assessed the effect of tick sex and geographical region on the bacterial composition in two tick genera collected from dogs in China. Methods: A total of 178 whole ticks were subjected to a 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next generation sequencing analysis. The Illumina MiSeq platform targeting the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to characterize the bacterial communities of the collected ticks. Sequence analysis and taxonomic assignment were performed using QIIME 2 and the GreenGene database, respectively. After clustering the sequences into taxonomic units, the sequences were quality-filtered and rarefied. Results: After pooling 24 tick samples, we identified a total of 2,081 operational taxonomic units, which were assigned to 23 phyla and 328 genera, revealing a diverse bacterial community profile. The high, moderate and low prevalent taxa include 46, 101, and 182 genera, respectively. Among them, dominant taxa include environmental bacterial genera, such as Psychrobacter and Burkholderia. Additionally, some known tick-associated endosymbionts were also detected, including Coxiella, Rickettsia, and Ricketssiella. Also, the potentially pathogenic genera Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were detected in the tick pools. Moreover, our preliminary study found that the differences in microbial communities are more dependent on the sampling location than tick sex in the tick specimens collected from dogs. Conclusions: The findings of this study support the need for future research on the microbial population present in ticks collected from dogs in China.