Separation of arenols from a low-temperature coal tar by liquid-liquid extraction

Hua-Shuai Gao,Zhi-Min Zong,Zheng Yang,Dao-Guang Teng,Xiu-Hua Sun,Li Yan,Xian-Yong Wei,Qing-Jie Guo,Tian-Sheng Zhao,Hong-Cun Bai 한국화학공학회 2020 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.37 No.5

Low-temperature coal tar (LTCT) is a sticky liquid mixture produced mainly from coal pyrolysis, which contains various value-added chemicals (VACs). Liquid-liquid extraction is considered as one of the green and effective ways to explore the organic composition and separate the VACs from LTCT. Herein, petroleum ether, methanol, and carbon disulfide were used to extract arenols from a LTCT. As a result, the relative content and absolute content of arenols extracted from the LTCT are ca. 96.3% and 85.9%, respectively. Among them, p-cresol is predominant, accounting for 22.2%. The isolated contents of arenols are up to 84.6%. Moreover, a kilogram-scale operation was carried out under the same conditions, which offers a potential application in industrial production.

Evaluation of the Non-use Values of Taishan Mountain Cultural Heritage

Xiu-hua Song,Xiao-xia Lang,함광민 한국환경과학회 2022 한국환경과학회지 Vol.31 No.8

The contingent valuation method (CVM) is one of the most commonly used and effective methods to evaluate non-use value of resources. Reasonable application of CVM to value the cultural heritage is the key process of evaluation. CVM was used to evaluate the non-use value of cultural heritage of Taishan Mountain combined with questionnaire survey and field research in this study. The results indicated that the importance of the degree of the three components of non-use value was heritage value ranked highest (40.22%) > followed by existence value (38.58%) >then option value (21.20%). In addition, the rate of willingness to pay was 54.52%, the average and median values of per person were 40.17 CNY·a-1 and 20.00 CNY·a-1 and the non-use values of Taishan Mountain cultural heritage was 33 million CNY·a-1. The median value of WTP was consistent with Asian countries but was lower than European and American countries. Factors influencing WTP showed that monthly income and satisfaction with Taishan Mountain were correlated to WTP, and family location and willingness to revist were correlated remarkably with WTP. In addition, monthly income was correlated remarkably with WTP value, however other factors were not. The results showed the importance and necessity of protective development of Taishan Mountain cultural heritage, which would be used as an important reference for decision makers.

Noise-reduction Function and its Affecting Factors of Plant Communities

( Xiu-hua Song ),( Qian-qian Wu ),( Dong-ming Yu ),( Piao Yong-ji ),( Tae-dong Cho ) 한국환경과학회 2016 한국환경과학회지 Vol.25 No.10

In this study, we investigated the relationship between noise reduction and the community structure of nine groups of typical plant communities as well as the reduction in noise at different frequencies. The semantic differential method was adopted to explore the perception of noise reduction. The results indicated that there was a significantly positive correlation between noise reduction and coverage , a significantly negative correlation between noise reduction and bifurcate height, and a negative correlation between noise reduction and bare rate. However, there was no significant correlation between noise reduction and height, diameter at breast height, or crown width. The reduction of middle-frequency noise was better than that of low- and high-frequency noise. The indicators "quiet" and "calm" showed that plant communities could reduce the noise perceived by humans. However, overly dense woodland caused nervousness, fear, depression, and other negative effects. Relatively open environments and those with large forest gaps obtained the highest evaluation.

ORIGINAL ARTICLE : Influencing the Willingness to Pay for Urban Park Service Functions

( Xiu Hua Song ),( Tae Dong Cho ),( Xiao Xia Lang ),( Yong Ji Piao ) 한국환경과학회 2013 한국환경과학회지 Vol.22 No.10

The contingent valuation method (CVM) was used along with a questionnaire survey and field research methods to analyze the factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for urban parks in Tai’an. The results indicated that roughly 50% of the residents visited the urban parks weekly. Doing physical exercises and viewing topped the list of activities. Residents of different characteristics had different WTPs for the service functions of urban parks. From the two surveys, 60.1% and 61.4% of residents would be willing to pay. The average individual WTPs were 42.2 yuan·a-1 and 43.1 yuan·a-1 in the two surveys, and the medianin dividual WTP was 20.0 yuan·a-1. WTP was mainly affected by satisfaction, and WTP value was mainly affected by education level and income. Other factors had some correlation, but none were significant. Finally, some useful suggestions and references were given to the government in order to enhance the urban park services proposal.

Associations of Plasma Glucagon Levels with Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate, Albuminuria and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Hua-Xing Huang,Liang-Lan Shen,Hai-Yan Huang,Li-Hua Zhao,Feng Xu,Dong-Mei Zhang,Xiu-Lin Zhang,Tong Chen,Xue-Qin Wang,Yan Xie,Jian-Bin Su 대한당뇨병학회 2021 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.45 No.6

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is characterized by elevated fasting glucagon and impaired suppression of postprandial glucagon secretion, which may participate in diabetic complications. Therefore, we investigated the associations of plasma glucagon with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albuminuria and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in T2DM patients.Methods: Fasting glucagon and postchallenge glucagon (assessed by area under the glucagon curve [AUCgla]) levels were determined during oral glucose tolerance tests. Patients with an eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g who presented with diabetic retinopathy were identified as having DKD.Results: Of the 2,436 recruited patients, fasting glucagon was correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.112 and r=0.157, respectively; P<0.001), and AUCgla was also correlated with eGFR and UACR (r=–0.267 and r=0.234, respectively; P<0.001). Moreover, 31.7% (n=771) presented with DKD; the prevalence of DKD was 27.3%, 27.6%, 32.5%, and 39.2% in the first (Q1), second (Q2), third (Q3), and fourth quartile (Q4) of fasting glucagon, respectively; and the corresponding prevalence for AUCgla was 25.9%, 22.7%, 33.7%, and 44.4%, respectively. Furthermore, after adjusting for other clinical covariates, the adjusted odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals) for DKD in Q2, Q3, and Q4 versus Q1 of fasting glucagon were 0.946 (0.697 to 1.284), 1.209 (0.895 to 1.634), and 1.521 (1.129 to 2.049), respectively; the corresponding ORs of AUCgla were 0.825 (0.611 to 1.114), 1.323 (0.989 to 1.769), and 2.066 (1.546 to 2.760), respectively. Additionally, when we restricted our analysis in patients with glycosylated hemoglobin <7.0% (n=471), we found fasting glucagon and AUCgla were still independently associated with DKD.Conclusion: Both increased fasting and postchallenge glucagon levels were independently associated with DKD in T2DM patients.

Semantic Differential Analysis of the Soundscape in Urban Park

( Xiu Hua Song ),( Tae Dong Cho ),( Yong Ji Piao ) 한국환경과학회 2012 한국환경과학회지 Vol.21 No.9

In this study, soundscape was analyzed through physical measurement and social surveys. The results showed that, soundscape components were related to functional partitions and tourist activities, at the same time influenced by ambient noise. The sound pressure levels showed daily regular changes. Semantic differential analysis showed that the evaluation of the soundscape in urban park was rather complicated. It was still possible to identify major factors including relaxation, spatiality and environment. The results provided theoretical basis for improving urban park soundscape, and called attention to this problem.

业绩评价信度影响因素的实证分析

王秀?(Wang Xiu-Hua),?建强(Sun Jain-Qiang),金春洙(Jin Chun-Soo) 한국국제회계학회 2006 국제회계연구 Vol.0 No.14

Today, enterprise management becomes the important factor in competition. The role of performance evaluation becomes more protruding. While the problems that performance evaluation displayed are clearer. In our opinion, the problems the performance evaluation existed are that people didn’t grasp reliability and availability. So this essay attempts to find out the way to improve reliability and availability of performance evaluation by analyzing the relative factors. According to example analysis on the factors of reliability, we find that performance managers’ discernment and effect ability and the perception of employees on circumstance are two main factors, which effect reliability. In addition, the analysis of this essay also displays that the comprehension of managers and employees on performance concept have no marked influence to the reliability of performance management.

Associations of HSP90AA2 gene polymorphisms with disease susceptibility, glucocorticoids efficacy and health-related quality of life in Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients

Man Zhang,Su‑Su Li,Qiao‑Mei Xie,Jian‑Hua Xu,Xiu‑Xiu Sun,Fa‑Ming Pan,Sheng‑Qian Xu,Sheng‑Xiu Liu,Jin‑Hui Tao,Shuang Liu,Jing Cai,Pei‑Ling Chen,Long Qian,Chun‑Huai Wang,Chun‑Mei Liang,Hai‑Liang Huang,Ha 한국유전학회 2018 Genes & Genomics Vol.40 No.10

Although the current glucocorticoids (GCs) treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is effective to a certain extent, the difference in therapeutic effect between patients is still a widespread problem. Some patients can have repeated attacks that greatly diminish their quality of life. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between HSP90AA2 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility, GCs efficacy and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Chinese SLE patients. A case–control study was performed in 470 SLE patients and 470 normal controls. Then, 444 patients in the case group were followed up for 12 weeks to observe efficacy of GCs and improvement of HRQoL. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of HSP90AA2 were selected for genotyping: rs1826330 and rs6484340. HRQoL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. The minor T allele of rs1826330 and the TT haplotype formed by rs1826330 and rs6484340 showed associations with decreased SLE risk (T allele: PBH = 0.022; TT haplotype: PBH = 0.033). A significant association between rs6484340 and improvement of HRQoL was revealed in the follow-up study. Five subscales of SF-36 were appeared to be influenced by rs6484340: total score of SF-36 (additive model: PBH = 0.026), physical function (additive model: PBH = 0.026), rolephysical (recessive model: PBH = 0.041), mental health (dominant model: PBH = 0.047), and physical component summary (additive model: PBH = 0.026). No statistical significance was found between HSP90AA2 gene polymorphisms and GCs efficacy. These results revealed a genetic association between HSP90AA2 and SLE. Remarkably, HSP90AA2 has an impact on the improvement of HRQoL in Chinese population with SLE.

AN ENVIRONMENT MODELING METHOD OF AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE`S 3-D PATH-PLANNING

Hua Ke Qiang,Li Xiu Ming 대한전자공학회 1992 대한전자공학회 Conference Vol.1992 No.2

A Chinese Perspective on the Causes of Chinese-Japanese Conflict and Possible Solutions

( Xiu Yu Fang ),( Xin Hua ) 한국국방연구원 2016 The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol.28 No.1

Chinese-Japanese relations have become increasingly tense in recent years. It might be concluded superficially that the recent tensions originated from the historical issues and the bilateral sovereignty disputes over some islands. However, these tensions are deeply rooted in the structural contradictions of these bilateral relations, such as the conflicting national strategies of China and Japan, the relative balance of power between them, and the discrepancy of their interests in their games against the background of macro transition of the overall strategic pattern of the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, the U.S. strategic dilemma in this gaming process adds destabilizing factors to the development of China-Japan bilateral relations. The outcomes of the China-Japan tensions not only affect the rise and fall of the relative strengths of these two countries, but also have major influences over the general strategic arrangements of East Asia and the whole Asia-Pacific. Therefore, it is very meaningful to probe the deep-rooted causes of the Chinese-Japanese conflicts and to observe current China-Japan relations from the strategic perspective because some solutions might be discoverd in this way.