A Regional Mechanism for Joint Monitoring of East Asian Sovereign Debts

Xin Hua 경희대학교 인류사회재건연구원 2012 OUGHTOPIA Vol.27 No.1

유럽 주권채무 위기의 혼란상태와 비하면 현재 동아시아 국가의 주권채무는 상대적으로 적절한 선에서 잘 관리되고 있으며 그 운행도 평온하다. 그러나 동아시아 각국 경제의 내재적인 취약성을 고려할 때 동아시아 주권채무의 문제는 의연히 불안정과 불가 예측적인 잠재적 위험을 내포하고 있다. 유럽이 주권채무 위기를 만회하기위해 만든 구원의 틀은 그 조직기반이 반세기 남짓한 동안 형성해온 유럽지역 통합 메카니즘이다. 따라서 동아시아 지역 통합 메카니즘도 동아시아국가의 주권채무 문제를 해결하기 위해 제도적 자원을 제공할 수 있을 것이다. 동아시아 통합의 주요 구성요인인 AFTA, APTA, APEC과 TPP를 기반으로 하는 동아시아 무역 통합 메카니즘은 치앙마이 이니셔티브와 아시아의 채권시장을 기반으로 하는 동아시아 금융통합 메카니즘 및 동아시아 정상회의를 상징으로 하는 동아시아의 정치통합 진행과정 등이 동아시아의 주권채무를 관리 할 수 있는 지역연합조직과 제도적인 메키니즘이라 될 수 있을 것이다. East Asian sovereign debts are being managed smoothly now, in contrast to the chaos of European sovereign debt crisis. Nevertheless, they still contain some uncertainty and unpredictability if the inherent fragility of East Asian economies is put into consideration. Just as current bailout frameworks of European sovereign debt crisis demonstrate, the institutional arrangements of regional integration shall be cherished as the major structure within which any viable approaches can be implemented for tackling potential troubles of East Asian sovereign debts. Currently, the already existing frameworks of the three major tracks of East Asia regional integration, such as the AFTA, APTA, APEC, & TPP in its trade integration, the Chiang Mai Initiative & Asia Bond Market Initiative in its Monetary Integration, and the East Asia Summit in its political integration, can be operated as the basis and starting point from which more blueprints will be made and implemented so as to create a complex of institutional architecture to effectively handle any harsh issues related to East Asian sovereign debts.

Reaction Stages of Feather Hydrolysis: Factors That Influence Availability for Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Cystine Conservation during Thermal Pressure Hydrolysis

Xinhua Goerner-Hu,Elinor L. Scott,Thorsten Seeger,Oliver Schneider,Johannes H. Bitter 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.5

The vast amount of feathers generated (> 1 Mtons/a in Europe) in the poultry industry is an opportunity of upcycling by-product materials and improving sustainable practices. Feathers are potentially interesting materials as feed protein ingredients due to their high protein (> 85 wt%) and cystine content (> 7 wt%). However, due to their challenging recalcitrant nature, they have to be processed to make feather protein suitably digestible. The objective was to investigate the effects of temperature (120oC-160oC) and time (10, 30, and 60 min) in thermal pressure hydrolysis of feathers on availability for enzymatic hydrolysis (AEH) and cystine conservation. AEH is defined as degree of degradation of processed feather protein by two digestive enzymes pepsin and pancreatin (Boisen). The present study identified and assessed four temperature stages that take place during feather processing. The four temperature stages are 120oC-135oC, 140oC-155oC, > 160oC, and the coolingdown phase. The second stage has the greatest influence on AEH. As well as temperature, hydrolysis time is also an essential parameter that had a major impact in the second stage (140oC-155oC). Both temperature and time influence negatively cystine content and stability. The present study demonstrates for the first time the importance of four reaction stages during feather hydrolysis and the impact of four stages on AEH of the obtained products.

QTL mapping for developmental behavior at different stages in rice

Xinhua Zhao,Yang Qin,Hyun-Suk Lee,Young-Hie Park,Yu-Jin Ji,Tae-Heun Kim,Hee-Yeon Park,Jae-Keun Sohn 한국작물학회 2008 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.10

A population of 120 double-haploid lines derived from Samgang/Nagdong was used for analyzing the developmental behaviors of plant height and tiller number by conditional mapping via composite interval approaches at five growth stages of rice. The traits were normally distributed with transgressive segregations in both directions. A total of 4 QTLs associated with plant height were identified in 40th/initial, 50th/40th and 60th/50th periods, respectively. The qph7.1 was observed in 50th/40th and 60th/50th periods, with increasing effects from Samgang and Nagdong alleles, respectively. This indicated that an individual gene or genes at the same genomic region might have opposite genetic effects at various growth stages. Five QTLs associated with tiller number were identified in four stages except 60th/50th stage. Four of five increasing effects of QTLs were from Nagdong alleles. Six of nine QTLs for two traits were detected before 60 days. It was evident that the expression of QTLs for plant height and tiller number was more active at early stages than at maturity stage. Furthermore, QTLs identified at early stages showed opposite additive effects on plant height and tiller number. These results provided a possible genetic explanation for the negative correlation between two traits.

Earthquake safety assessment of an arch dam using an anisotropic damage model for mass concrete

Xinhua Xue,Xingguo Yang 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2014 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.13 No.5

The seismic safety of concrete dams is one of the important problems in the engineering due to the vast socio-economic disasters which may be caused by collapse of these infrastructures. The accuracy of the risk evaluation associated with these existing dams as well as the efficient design of future dams is highly dependent on a proper understanding of their behaviour due to earthquakes. This paper develops an anisotropic damage model for arch dam under strong earthquakes. The modified Drucker-Prager criterion is adopted as the failure criteria of the dynamic damage evolution of concrete. Some process fields and other necessary information for the safety evaluation are obtained. The numerical results show that the seismic behaviour of concrete dams can be satisfactorily predicted.

Neuro-fuzzy based approach for estimation of concrete compressive strength

Xinhua Xue,Hongwei Zhou 사단법인 한국계산역학회 2018 Computers and Concrete, An International Journal Vol.21 No.6

Compressive strength is one of the most important engineering properties of concrete, and testing of the compressive strength of concrete specimens is often costly and time consuming. In order to provide the time for concrete form removal, re-shoring to slab, project scheduling and quality control, it is necessary to predict the concrete strength based upon the early strength data. However, concrete compressive strength is affected by many factors, such as quality of raw materials, water cement ratio, ratio of fine aggregate to coarse aggregate, age of concrete, compaction of concrete, temperature, relative humidity and curing of concrete. The concrete compressive strength is a quite nonlinear function that changes depend on the materials used in the concrete and the time. This paper presents an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for the prediction of concrete compressive strength. The training of fuzzy system was performed by a hybrid method of gradient descent method and least squares algorithm, and the subtractive clustering algorithm (SCA) was utilized for optimizing the number of fuzzy rules. Experimental data on concrete compressive strength in the literature were used to validate and evaluate the performance of the proposed ANFIS model. Further, predictions from three models (the back propagation neural network model, the statistics model, and the ANFIS model) were compared with the experimental data. The results show that the proposed ANFIS model is a feasible, efficient, and accurate tool for predicting the concrete compressive strength.

Comparison and Analysis of Main Effects, Epistatic Effects,and QT x Environment Interactions of QTLs for Agronomic Traits Using DH and RILs Populations in Rice

Xinhua Zhao,Yang Qin,Baoyan Jiav,Suk-Man Kim,Hyun-Suk Lee,Moo-Young Eun,김경민,손재근 한국작물학회 2010 Journal of crop science and biotechnology Vol.13 No.4

Two genetic linkage maps based on doubled haploid (DH) and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) populations, derived from the same indica-japonica cross ‘Samgang x Nagdong’, were constructed to analyze the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) affecting agronomic traits in rice. The segregations of agronomic traits in RILs population showed larger variations than those in DH population. A total of 10 and 12 QTLs were identified on six chromosomes using DH population and seven chromosomes using RILs population,respectively. Three stable QTLs including pl9.1, ph1.1, and gwp11.1 were detected through different years. The percentages of phenotypic variation explained by individual QTLs ranged from 8 to 18% in the DH population and 9 to 33% in the RILs population. Twenty-three epistatic QTLs were identified in the DH population, while 21 epistatic QTLs were detected in the RILs population. Epistatic interactions played an important role in controlling the agronomic traits genetically. Four significant main-effect QTLs were involved in the digenic interactions. Significant interactions between QTLs and environments (QE) were identified in two populations. The QTLs affecting grain weight per panicle (GWP) were more sensitive to the environmental changes. The comparison and QTLs analysis between two populations across different years should help rice breeders to comprehend the genetic mechanisms of quantitative traits and improve breeding programs in marker-assisted selection (MAS).

Real Scene Text Image Super-Resolution Based on Multi-Scale and Attention Fusion

Xinhua Lu,Haihai Wei,Li Ma,Qingji Xue,Yonghui Fu 한국정보처리학회 2023 Journal of information processing systems Vol.19 No.4

Plenty of works have indicated that single image super-resolution (SISR) models relying on synthetic datasetsare difficult to be applied to real scene text image super-resolution (STISR) for its more complex degradation. The up-to-date dataset for realistic STISR is called TextZoom, while the current methods trained on this datasethave not considered the effect of multi-scale features of text images. In this paper, a multi-scale and attentionfusion model for realistic STISR is proposed. The multi-scale learning mechanism is introduced to acquiresophisticated feature representations of text images; The spatial and channel attentions are introduced to capturethe local information and inter-channel interaction information of text images; At last, this paper designs amulti-scale residual attention module by skillfully fusing multi-scale learning and attention mechanisms. Theexperiments on TextZoom demonstrate that the model proposed increases scene text recognition’s (ASTER)average recognition accuracy by 1.2% compared to text super-resolution network.

Characteristics of Cracks in two Paddy Soils and their Impacts on Preferential Flow

Xinhua Peng,Zhongbin Zhang 한국토양비료학회 2014 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 초록집 Vol.2014 No.6

A Novel Bacterial Cellulose Aerogel Modified with PGMA via ARGET ATRP Method for Catalase Immobilization

Xinhua Liu,Hongliang Zheng,Yong Li,Liping Wang,Cuie Wang 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.3

Formation of Poly(Glycidyl Methacrylate) (PGMA) films on bacterial cellulose (BC) supports (aerogels) wasachieved via activators regenerated by electron transfer for atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). Epoxygroups on PGMA were used for covalent coupling with catalase. Immobilized catalases on BC@PGMA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Typical scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The immobilized catalase amount reached a high value of 116 mg/g. Furthermore, the thermal, pH and storage stabilities of the immobilized catalase were improved significantly. After 10 use cycles, the BC@PGMA-catalase still retained approximately 63.5 % of the initial activity. This work demonstrates the potential of hierarchical nanomaterials for improving enzyme performance, leveraging the benefits of both nano- and macroscale supports. These results demonstrate that the BC@PGMA-catalase has high stability and good reusability, suggesting that the BC aerogel modified with PGMA may find applications in biotechnology and as biocatalyst.

Topological complexity of semigroup actions

Xinhua Yan,Lianfa He 대한수학회 2008 대한수학회지 Vol.45 No.1

In this paper, we study the complexity of semigroup actions using complexity functions of open covers. The main results are as follows: (1) A dynamical system is equicontinuous if and only if any open cover has bounded complexity; (2) Weak-mixing implies scattering; (3) We get a criterion for the scattering property. In this paper, we study the complexity of semigroup actions using complexity functions of open covers. The main results are as follows: (1) A dynamical system is equicontinuous if and only if any open cover has bounded complexity; (2) Weak-mixing implies scattering; (3) We get a criterion for the scattering property.