Prognostic Threshold of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastric Carcinoma: a Clinicopathological Study of 945 Cases

Yi Zou,Linying Chen,Xingfu Wang,Yupeng Chen,Liwen Hu,Saifan Zeng,Pengcheng Wang,Guoping Li,Ming Huang,Liting Wang,Shi He,Sanyan Li,Lihui Jian,Sheng Zhang 대한위암학회 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in gastric carcinoma (GC) is controversial, leading to ambiguous concepts in traditional classifications. This study aimed to determine the prognostic threshold of meaningful NED in GC and clarify its unclear features in existing classifications. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule was performed for 945 GC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate/multivariate models with percentages of NED (PNED) and demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Results: In total, 275 (29.1%) cases were immunoreactive to at least 1 neuroendocrine (NE) marker. GC-NED was more common in the upper third of the stomach. PNED, and Borrmann's classification and tumor, lymph node, metastasis stages were independent prognostic factors. The cutoff PNED was 10%, beyond which patients had significantly worse outcomes, although the risk did not increase with higher PNED. Tumors with ≥10% NED tended to manifest as Borrmann type III lesion with mixed/diffuse morphology and poorer histological differentiation; the NE components in this population mainly grew in insulae/nests, which differed from the predominant growth pattern (glandular/acinar) in GC with <10% NED. Conclusions: GC with ≥10% NED should be classified as a distinct subtype because of its worse prognosis, and more attention should be paid to the necessity of additional therapeutics for NE components.

Prognostic Threshold of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Gastric Carcinoma: a Clinicopathological Study of 945 Cases

Zou, Yi,Chen, Linying,Wang, Xingfu,Chen, Yupeng,Hu, Liwen,Zeng, Saifan,Wang, Pengcheng,Li, Guoping,Huang, Ming,Wang, Liting,He, Shi,Li, Sanyan,Jian, Lihui,Zhang, Sheng The Korean Gastric Cancer Association 2019 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.19 No.1

Purpose: The significance of neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) in gastric carcinoma (GC) is controversial, leading to ambiguous concepts in traditional classifications. This study aimed to determine the prognostic threshold of meaningful NED in GC and clarify its unclear features in existing classifications. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemical staining for synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and neural cell adhesion molecule was performed for 945 GC specimens. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and univariate/multivariate models with percentages of NED ($P_{NED}$) and demographic and clinicopathological parameters. Results: In total, 275 (29.1%) cases were immunoreactive to at least 1 neuroendocrine (NE) marker. GC-NED was more common in the upper third of the stomach. $P_{NED}$, and Borrmann's classification and tumor, lymph node, metastasis stages were independent prognostic factors. The cutoff $P_{NED}$ was 10%, beyond which patients had significantly worse outcomes, although the risk did not increase with higher $P_{NED}$. Tumors with ${\geq}10%$ NED tended to manifest as Borrmann type III lesion with mixed/diffuse morphology and poorer histological differentiation; the NE components in this population mainly grew in insulae/nests, which differed from the predominant growth pattern (glandular/acinar) in GC with <10% NED. Conclusions: GC with ${\geq}10%$ NED should be classified as a distinct subtype because of its worse prognosis, and more attention should be paid to the necessity of additional therapeutics for NE components.

Effect of Short-Time Carburizing Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of M50 Steel

Yinghua Wei,Xingfu Yu,Shuai Wang,Xiangyang Shen,Wenzeng Zhao,Yong Su,Yu Yang,Xiaochuan Feng 대한금속·재료학회 2023 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.29 No.6

By using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), and hardnessand rotational bending fatigue tests, the effect of short-time carburizing treatment on the microstructure and mechanicalproperties of bearing steel was studied. The results show that when the M50 steel is not carburized, the hardness is 750 HV,the rotational bending fatigue limit is 1100 MPa, and the impact absorption energy is 15.46 J. After short-time carburizationwith the carbon potential of 0.6%, the maximum hardness in the carburized area, the rotational bending fatigue limitand the impact absorption energy are all increased to be 807.7 HV, 1210 MPa and 16.72 J respectively. When the carbonpotential is further enhanced to be 0.8%, the maximum hardness of the carburized area of the steel is further enhanced to be813.4 HV, but the rotational bending fatigue strength and the impact absorption energy are both decreased to be 1125 MPaand 13.65 J respectively, which has close relations with the increasement of undissolved carbides and the precipitation ofacicular carbides.

A comparison of volatile fractions obtained from Lonicera macranthoides via different extraction processes: ultrasound, microwave, Soxhlet extraction, hydrodistillation, and cold maceration

Chun Wu,Feng Wang,Jiang Liu,Yuanfeng Zou,Xingfu Chen 한국한의학연구원 2015 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.4 No.3

Background: Hydrodistillation has been traditionally used to extract volatile fraction in traditional Chinese medicine. However, with the development of Soxhlet extraction (SE), microwave (MW), ultrasound (US), and cold maceration (CM), hydrodistillation (HD) is being replaced to meet some practical requirements. In this study, we investigated the effect of the five methods on the volatile fraction extract of Lonicera macranthoides. Methods: Volatile fraction from the flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides was obtained by using different extraction methods, HD, SE, MW, US, and CM. The compositions of volatile fraction were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometric and further compared among extraction methods. Results: Extracts obtained by the five methods reveal the qualitative and quantitative diversity in their compositions, especially for the low-content compositions. According to the results, SE shows the great value in the research where the high molecular-mass compound is of primary interest, and MW offers a way for the isolation of specific compound like octadecadienoic acid and hexadecanoic acid. HD, US, and CM have the advantage over SE and MW for the integrity of the constituents, whereas the phenomenon of compound degradation seems not so serious in solvent extraction methods such as US or CM as HD. Additionally, US and CM show superiority over time or material saving and diversity of the constituent. Conclusion: HD is still the best choice for the pure volatile fraction without organic solvent pollution. However, when it comes to some specifically actual demands, it can be replaced by the four methods for the volatile fraction extraction process, especially for production of certain compound groups.

Development of Protective Scheme against Collaborative Black Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad hoc Networks

( Muhammad Umar Farooq ),( Xingfu Wang ),( Moizza Sajjad ),( Sara Qaisar ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.3

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of nodes or communication devices that wish to communicate without any fixed infrastructure and predetermined organization of available links. The effort has been made by proposing a scheme to overcome the critical security issue in MANET. The insufficiency of security considerations in the design of Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol makes it vulnerable to the threats of collaborative black hole attacks, where hacker nodes attack the data packets and drop them instead of forwarding. To secure mobile ad hoc networks from collaborative black hole attacks, we implement our scheme and considered sensor's energy as a key feature with a better packet delivery ratio, less delay time and high throughput. The proposed scheme has offered an improved solution to diminish collaborative black hole attacks with high performance and benchmark results as compared to the existing schemes EDRIAODV and DRIAODV respectively. This paper has shown that throughput and packet delivery ratio increase while the end to end delay decreases as compared to existing schemes. It also reduces the overall energy consumption and network traffic by maintaining accuracy and high detection rate which is more safe and reliable for future work.

Effective removal of arsenide from aqueous solutions using mesoporous CoFe2O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites assisted by artificial intelligence

Wu Xianliang,Hu Jiwei,Wang Xingfu,Xin Ling,Li Caifang,Wei Xionghui 한국탄소학회 2021 Carbon Letters Vol.31 No.6

This study investigated the arsenide removal by using mesoporous CoFe2O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites based on batch experiments optimized by artifcial intelligence tools. These nanocomposites were prepared by immobilizing cobalt ferrite on graphene oxide and then characterized using various techniques, including small angle X-ray difraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Artifcial intelligence tools associated with response surface methodology were employed to optimize the conditions of the arsenide removal process. The results showed that back propagation neural network combined with genetic algorithm was suitable for the arsenide removal from aqueous solutions by the nanocomposites based on the minimum average values of absolute errors and the value of R2 . The optimal values of the four variables (operating temperature, initial pH, initial arsenide concentration, and contact time) were found to be 25.66 °C, 7.58, 10.78 mg/L and 46.41 min, and the predicted arsenide removal percentage was 84.78%. The verifcation experiment showed that the arsenide removal percentage was 86.62%, which was close to the predicted value. Three evaluation methods (gradient boosted regression trees, Garson method and analysis of variance) all demonstrated that the temperature was the most important explanatory variable for the arsenide removal. In addition, the arsenide removal process can be depicted with pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm, respectively. The thermodynamics investigation disclosed that the adsorption process was of a spontaneously endothermic nature. In summary, this study showed that ANN-GA was an efcient and feasible method in determining the optimum conditions for arsenic removal by CoFe2O4/graphene oxide nanocomposites.

Fabrication of tubular porous titanium membrane electrode and application in electrochemical membrane reactor for treatment of wastewater

Hui Tong,Chao Yang,Yanqi Lv,Ling Wang,Koucheng Chen,Xingfu Zhou 한국공업화학회 2021 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.96 No.-

In this study, tubular titanium membrane (TTM) /SnO2-Sb/SnO2-Sb-CeO2 porous anode was fabricatedand used in continuous tubular membrane reactor for electrochemical treatment of dye wastewater. Xraydiffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electronmicroscopy (HRTEM) were used to evaluate the morphology and microstructure of the different tubulartitanium membrane. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and accelerated service life test are employed toillustrate the performance of TTM/SnO2-Sb/SnO2-Sb-CeO2 porous membrane electrode. It is found thatTTM/SnO2-Sb/SnO2-Sb-CeO2 active layer on titanium membrane has compact microstructure, high over-potential for oxygen evolution (2.10 V vs saturated calomel electrode). The effects of pore diameter,applied voltage andflow rate on the electro-catalytic property of the tubular porous electrode wereinvestigated. Study shows titanium membrane reactor with an optimized pore diameter of 10 mm has thelowest energy consumption which is important for the practical application of electrochemicaltechnology. The performance of titanium tubular membrane reactor is investigated by treatingmethylene blue (MB) wastewater under the cell voltage of 3.0–4.5 V and theflow rate of 2.5–3.5 L min 1. This continuous titanium membrane electrochemical reactor using solar cell show excellent performancein treating dye wastewater and the further potential application in electrochemical synthesis.