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XING LIJU,LIN XI 계명대학교 한국학연구원 2016 Acta Koreana Vol.19 No.2
This article examines a thesis by Namdang, a Confucian scholar in Chosŏn Korea, on the natures of humans and non-human living beings, using Zhu Xi’s li (理) - qi (氣) theory. Regarding the sameness or difference between li and qi, Zhu Xi formulated different opinions in his early and later life and was also at times inconsistent in his works of a certain period. To a certain extent, Zhu Xi’s thoughts lacked coherence, which led to subsequent debates. In seeking to develop Zhu Xi’s li-qi theory, Namdang put forward his original thesis of Trichotomous Nature, which significantly enriched Zhu Xi’s ideas. The “nature transcending the appearance of things” (K. ch’ohyŏnggi 超形氣) refers to a pure xing (K. sŏng 性; nature), concerned with only li without considering the influence of qi from the perspective of a unitary source (K. irwŏn 一原; one source). At this stage, everything shares the same li and xing. The “nature originated from temperament” (K. in’gijil 因氣質) demonstrates the shared nature for the same species as well as the difference in nature across species, thus being an endowmentdependent li. At this stage, for the same species, they share the same li, qi, and xing, while for varying species, there is a difference in li, qi, and xing. The “nature mixed with temperament” (K. chapkijil 雜氣質) considers the xing of pure qizhi (K. kijil 氣質; physical temperament) in which all creatures differ. It is thus a concept that demonstrates the particularity in all things, with varying differences in li, qi, and xing.
Aged Garlic Supplement Protects Against Lipid Peroxidation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals
Xing Lin Ho,Shin Yih Tsen,Mei Yen Ng,Wei Ni Lee,Aileen Low,Wai Mun Loke 한국식품영양과학회 2016 Journal of medicinal food Vol.19 No.10
The health benefits of raw garlic intake has been extensively studied, but little is known about the biological effects of aged garlic consumption. A randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm, double-blinded trial involving 41 hypercholesterolemic individuals was conducted to simultaneously examine and compare the blood lipid lowering and antioxidant effects after acute and extended exposures to aged and raw garlic supplements (1080 mg daily). Aged and raw garlic did not affect blood lipid concentrations in these hypercholesterolemic participants after acute and 13-week supplementation. The plasma and urinary F2-isoprostanes concentrations were significantly decreased after 13 weeks of aged garlic treatment. Aged garlic supplementation over 13 weeks also significantly decreased serum lipid hydroperoxide concentration and myeloperoxidase activity. Raw garlic treatments did not affect the F2-isoprostanes concentrations in blood plasma and urine, and lipid hydroperoxides in blood sera. Acute effects on the measured parameters were absent for both garlic treatments. In separate in vitro experiments, aqueous methanolic extract of aged garlic inhibited F2-isoprostanes formation and myeloperoxidase activity in freshly isolated human neutrophils to a greater extent than the raw garlic extract and S-allylcysteine at equivalent dosing concentrations. The aged garlic preparation was found to contain significantly higher total phenolic and S-allylcysteine contents than the raw garlic precursor. Our data showed that supplementation with aged garlic, not its raw garlic precursor, reduced oxidative stress and alleviated lipid peroxidation, possibly via the inhibition of myeloperoxidase. The differential antioxidant actions of the aged and raw garlic may be related to their different total phenolic contents and, to a lesser extent, their S-allylcysteine contents.
Microstructure Evolution of Inconel 718 Alloy during Ring Rolling Process
Xing-lin Zhu,Dong Liu,Li-juan Xing,Yang Hu,Yan-hui Yang 한국정밀공학회 2016 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.17 No.6
Microstructure determines the comprehensive mechanical properties and service life of ring parts. In this study, ring rolling process is considered as a multi-pass process which is parted into four phases, and the microstructure evolution model is then established based on the characteristics of this multi-pass process by combining with a 3D coupled thermo-mechanical FE model. By contrasting with experiment results, the microstructure evolution model is actually proven can be competently applied to predict the microstructure of the formed ring. Also through comprehensive analysis on distribution of recrystallization fractions based on the microstructure evolution model, conclusions can be summarized as following. (1) It is inaccurate to predict the microstructure by regarding the ring rolling as a single-pass deformation. The ring rolling process should be parted into different phases, and for each phase, the singlepass microstructure evolution model is adapted. (2) Different with single-pass deformation, due to the high temperature dwelling phase during ring rolling process, meta-dynamic recrystallization (MDR) is another important grain refinement mechanism besides dynamic recrystallization (DR). (3) MDR has different distribution trends with DR, which is benefit not only for grains refinement but also for microstructure uniformity. (4) Rolling penetration is obviously improved with feed rate increases, whereas, unduly high feed rate leads to recrystallization fraction decrease in outer layer area, which is adverse to microstructure uniformity.
Effects of alanyl-glutamine supplementation on the small intestinal mucosa barrier in weaned piglets
Xing, Shen,Zhang, Bolin,Lin, Meng,Zhou, Ping,Li, Jiaolong,Zhang, Lin,Gao, Feng,Zhou, Guanghong Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2017 Animal Bioscience Vol.30 No.2
Objective: The study was to investigate the effects of alanyl-glutamine (Ala-Gln) and glutamine (Gln) supplementation on the intestinal mucosa barrier in piglets. Methods: A total of 180 barrows with initial weight $10.01{\pm}0.03kg$ were randomly allocated to three treatments, and each treatment consisted of three pens and twenty pigs per pen. The piglets of three groups were fed with control diet [0.62% alanine (Ala)], Ala-Gln diet (0.5% Ala-Gln), Gln diet (0.34% Gln and 0.21% Ala), respectively. Results: The results showed that in comparison with control diet, dietary Ala-Gln supplementation increased the height of villi in duodenum and jejunum (p<0.05), Gln supplementation increased the villi height of jejunum (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation up-regulated the mRNA expressions of epidermal growth factor receptor and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), raised the mRNA expressions of Claudin-1, Occludin, zonula occludens protein-1 (ZO-1) and the protein levels of Occludin, ZO-1 in jejunal mucosa (p<0.05), Ala-Gln supplementation enlarged the number of goblet cells in duodenal and ileal epithelium (p<0.05), Gln increased the number of goblet cells in duodenal epithelium (p<0.05) and Ala-Gln supplementation improved the concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A and immunoglobulin G in the jejunal mucosa (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results demonstrated that dietary Ala-Gln supplementation could maintain the integrity of small intestine and promote the functions of intestinal mucosa barriers in piglets.
Lin, Jing-Xing 선문대학교 통일사상연구원 2000 통일사상 연구논총 Vol.7 No.-
The study area includes liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan Province, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai City, the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea. The total area covers approximately 6.25 million square kilometers (2.56 million square kilometers in the land, 3.6 million square kilometers in the sea) This area supports about 430 million people, and include three climate zones; the temperate zone, the subtropical zone, and the tropical zone. The study areas are classified as two regions: (1) The great plain region, including the Yangtze River Delta Plain, the North China Plain, the Liao River Delta Plain, North Jiangsu Plain, and North Zhejiang Plain. (2) The bedrock coastal plain region, including: the North China coastal plain (the Liaodong Peninsula coastal plain, the Jidong coastal plain, the Shandong Peninsula coastal plain);and the Southeast China coastal plain (the south Zhejiang, Fujian, Leizhou Peninsula and the Hainan Island coastal plain).
( Xing Yu Li ),( Zi Chao Mao ),( Yue Hu Wang ),( Yi Xing Wu ),( Yue Qiu He ),( Chun Lin Long ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3
Bacillus subtilis XF-1, a strain with demonstrated ability to control clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, was studied to elucidate its mechanism of antifungal activity against P. brassicae. Fengycin-type cyclopeptides (FTCPs), a well-known class of compounds with strong fungitoxic activity, were purified by acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and chromatographic separation. Eight homologs of fengycin, seven homologs of dehydroxyfengycin, and six unknown FTCPs were characterized with LC/ESI-MS, LC/ESI-MS/MS, and NMR. FTCPs (250μg/ml) were used to treat the resting spores of P. brassicae (107/ml) by detecting leakage of the cytoplasm components and cell destruction. After 12 h treatment, the absorbencies at 260 nm (A260) and at 280 nm (A280) increased gradually to approaching the maximum of absorbance, accompanying the collapse of P. brassicae resting spores, and nearly no complete cells were observed at 24 h treatment. The results suggested that the cells could be cleaved by the FTCPs of B. subtilis XF-1, and the diversity of FTCPs was mainly attributed to a mechanism of clubroot disease biocontrol.