China`s Strategies for Resolving the North Korean Nuclear Crisis

( Xin Ning Guo ) 국방대학교 안보문제연구소 2006 The Korean Journal of Security Affairs Vol.11 No.2

Famine exposure in early life and type 2 diabetes in adulthood: findings from prospective studies in China

Ning Feng,Zhao Jing,Zhang Lei,Wang Weijing,Sun Xiaohui,Song Xin,Zhang Yanlei,Xin Hualei,Gao Weiguo,Gao Ruqin,Zhang Dongfeng,Pang Zengchang 한국영양학회 2023 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.17 No.4

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship between famine exposure in early life and the risk of type 2 diabetes in adulthood during the 1959–1961 Chinese Famine. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,418 individuals aged 35–74 years free of diabetes from two studies in 2006 and 2009 were followed up prospectively in 2009 and 2012, respectively. Famine exposure was classified as unexposed (individuals born in 1962–1978), fetal exposed (individuals born in 1959–1961), child exposed (individuals born in 1949–1958), and adolescent/adult exposed (born in 1931–1948). A logistic regression model was used to assess the relationship between famine exposure and diabetes after adjustment for potential covariates. RESULTS: During a three-year follow-up, the age-adjusted incidence rates of type 2 diabetes were 5.7%, 14.5%, 12.7%, and 17.8% in unexposed, fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, respectively (P < 0.01). Relative to the unexposed group, the relative risks (95% confidence inter val) for diabetes were 2.15 (1.29–3.60), 1.53 (0.93– 2.51), and 1.65 (0.75–3.63) in the fetal-exposed, child-exposed, and adolescent/adult-exposed groups, after controlling for potential covariates. The interactions between famine exposure and obesity, education level, and family histor y of diabetes were not obser ved, except for the urbanization type. Individuals living in rural areas with fetal and childhood famine exposure were at a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, with relative risks of 8.79 (1.82–42.54) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that famine exposure in early life is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes, particularly in women. Early identification and inter vention may help prevent diabetes in later life.

Abundant Manganese Complex-Anchored BiOI Hybrid Photocatalyst for Visible Light-Driven CO2 Reduction

Xin Xin,Ning Ma,Changying Hu,Qi Liang,Zhaoyong Bian 성균관대학교(자연과학캠퍼스) 성균나노과학기술원 2019 NANO Vol.14 No.2

An abundant manganese complex-anchored BiOI hybrid system for CO2 photocatalytic conversion was constructed. Layered BiOI and tricarbonyl Mn bipyridyl complex with carboxyl acid groups were connected with covalent bonds and used as visible light antenna and CO2 reduction reaction centers, respectively. The covalent connection of this hybrid system benefits the transfer of electrons from the semiconductor to the Mn complex. The anchoring group (carboxyl) is the key to CO2 reduction for the direct coupling of the two units, facilitating the transfer of electrons from BiOI to the manganese complexes. The photocatalytic properties and stability of the tri-carbonyl Mn–bipyridyl complex were significantly enhanced with the aid of anchored BiOI. A high turnover number (TON = 74) of HCOO- formation from CO2 could be achieved using this hybrid system under visible light irradiation.

Infrared Target Recognition using Heterogeneous Features with Multi-kernel Transfer Learning

( Xin Wang ),( Xin Zhang ),( Chen Ning ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2020 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.14 No.9

Infrared pedestrian target recognition is a vital problem of significant interest in computer vision. In this work, a novel infrared pedestrian target recognition method that uses heterogeneous features with multi-kernel transfer learning is proposed. Firstly, to exploit the characteristics of infrared pedestrian targets fully, a novel multi-scale monogenic filtering-based completed local binary pattern descriptor, referred to as MSMF-CLBP, is designed to extract the texture information, and then an improved histogram of oriented gradient-fisher vector descriptor, referred to as HOG-FV, is proposed to extract the shape information. Second, to enrich the semantic content of feature expression, these two heterogeneous features are integrated to get more complete representation for infrared pedestrian targets. Third, to overcome the defects, such as poor generalization, scarcity of tagged infrared samples, distributional and semantic deviations between the training and testing samples, of the state-of-the-art classifiers, an effective multi-kernel transfer learning classifier called MK-TrAdaBoost is designed. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms many state-of-the-art recognition approaches for infrared pedestrian targets.

Comparison of Liver Transplantation and Liver Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Portal Vein Tumor Thrombus Type I and Type II

Jia-Yu Lv,Ning-Ning Zhang,Ya-Wei Du,Ying Wu,Tian-Qiang Song,Ya-Min Zhang,Yan Qu,Yu-Xin Liu,Jie Gu,Ze-Yu Wang,Yi-Bo Qiu,Bing Yang,Da-Zhi Tian,Qing-Jun Guo,Li Zhang,Ji-San Sun,Yan Xie,Zheng-Lu Wang,Xin 연세대학교의과대학 2021 Yonsei medical journal Vol.62 No.1

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of liver transplantation (LT) and liver resection (LR) for hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) patients with portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) and to investigate risk factors affecting prognosis. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 HCC patients with PVTT type I (segmental PVTT) and PVTT type II (lobar PVTT) were involvedand divided into LR (n=47) and LT groups (n=47). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were comparedbefore and after inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Prognostic factors for RFS and OS were explored. Results: Two treatment groups were well-balanced using IPTW. In the entire cohort, LT provided a better prognosis than LR. Among patients with PVTT type I, RFS was better with LT (p=0.039); OS was not different significantly between LT and LR(p=0.093). In subgroup analysis of PVTT type I patients with α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels >200 ng/mL, LT elicited significantly longermedian RFS (18.0 months vs. 2.1 months, p=0.022) and relatively longer median OS time (23.6 months vs. 9.8 months, p=0.065). Among patients with PVTT type II, no significant differences in RFS and OS were found between LT and LR (p=0.115 and 0.335,respectively). Multivariate analyses showed treatment allocation (LR), tumor size (>5 cm), AFP and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) levels to be risk factors of RFS and treatment allocation (LR), AFP and AST as risk factors for OS. Conclusion: LT appeared to afford a better prognosis for HCC with PVTT type I than LR, especially in patients with AFP levels>200 ng/mL.

Baseline-free damage detection method for beam structures based on an actual influence line

Ning-Bo Wang,Wei-Xin Ren,Tian-Li Huang 국제구조공학회 2019 Smart Structures and Systems, An International Jou Vol.24 No.4

The detection of structural damage without a priori information on the healthy state is challenging. In order to address the issue, the study presents a baseline-free approach to detect damage in beam structures based on an actual influence line. In particular, a multi-segment function-fitting calculation is developed to extract the actual deflection influence line (DIL) of a damaged beam from bridge responses due to a passing vehicle. An intact basis function based on the measurement position is introduced. The damage index is defined as the difference between the actual DIL and a constructed function related to the intact basis, and the damage location is indicated based on the local peak value of the damage index curve. The damage basis function is formulated by using the detected damage location. Based on the intact and damage basis functions, damage severity is quantified by fitting the actual DIL using the least-square calculation. Both numerical and experimental examples are provided to investigate the feasibility of the proposed method. The results indicate that the present baseline-free approach is effective in detecting the damage of beam structures.

Technological upgrading in Chinese cities: the roles of FDI, pace and rhythm

Xin Pan,Fan Wang,Lutao Ning 기술경영경제학회 2018 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.26 No.1

Previously, most literature has argued that FDI spillovers aredependent upon the degree of foreign presence in host regions,but often neglected FDI expansion time-based characteristics’roles. This paper therefore develops the constructs of pace andrhythm as key features of foreign expansion process. It moves theconcept of time compression diseconomies beyond the firm levelto cities, and hopes to investigate how technological upgrading inone region is influenced by the FDI expansion process. Based onthe panel data set of 244 Chinese cities over 2004–2011, ourresults illustrate that irregular and unpredictable foreignexpansions significantly diminish FDI spillovers in Chinese cities,and it also directly impedes technological upgrading in local area. Rapid foreign expansion process itself impedes technologicalupgrading, but it significantly enhances technology transfers anddisseminations of FDI in Chinese cities. Moreover, this paper alsoprovides implications to contribute to the theoretical framework,and helps policy-makers’ decision-making

Reuse of Spent FCC Catalyst for Removing Trace Olefins from Aromatics

Xin Pu,Jin-ning Luan,Li Shi 대한화학회 2012 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.33 No.8

Pretreatment of spent FCC catalyst and its application in remove trace olefins in aromatics were investigated in this research. The most effective pretreatment route of spent FCC catalyst was calcining at 700 oC for 1 h, washing with 5% oxalic acid solution in ultrasonic reactor and dried. Treated spent FCC catalyst was modified with metal halides, then to prepare catalyst to remove trace olefins in aromatics. X-ray diffraction, Pyridine- FTIR, N2 adsorption-desorption and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) were used to investigate the pretreatment process. The result showed that the performance of the treated spent FCC catalyst was much greater than that of the spent FCC catalyst, which indicted the possibility and improvement of this research.

Why do inconsistencies occur? Detangling the relationship between technological diversification and performance in Chinese firms

Xin Pan,Xuanjin Chen,Lutao Ning 기술경영경제학회 2017 ASIAN JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION Vol.25 No.3

This paper proposes and investigates three potential reasons(dimensions, capability order and contingency of technologicaldiversification) which may explain why there are inconsistencies inthe findings of studies on the relationship between technologicaldiversification and firm performance. The results indicate that: (1)a more comprehensive definition is necessary, which combinesthe two dimensions of technological diversification (breadth anddepth), which are positively linked to firm performance; (2) in lowtechfirms, technological diversification serves as a higher-levelcapability resulting in higher performance; however, in high-techfirms, technological diversification serves as a zero-level capabilitythat does not contribute to firm performance and (3) intangiblecomplementary assets negatively moderate the relationshipbetween technological diversification and performance. Furtherresearch should consider the two dimensions to reach a morecomprehensive understanding of technological diversification. Firms should increase both the depth and breadth of theirtechnological diversification to enhance performance.

Wavelet-based automatic identification method of axle distribution information

Ning-Bo Wang,Wei-Xin Ren,Zhi-Wei Chen 국제구조공학회 2017 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.63 No.6

Accurately extracting the axle distribution information of a passing vehicle from bridge dynamic responses experiences a key and challenging step in non-pavement bridge weigh-in-motion (BWIM). In this article, the wavelet transformation is adopted and the wavelet coefficient curve is used as a substitute for dynamic response. The driving frequency is introduced and expanded to multi-axle vehicle, and the wavelet coefficient curve on specific scale corresponding to the driving frequency is confirmed to contain obvious axle information. On this basis, an automatic method for axle distribution information identification is proposed. The specific wavelet scale can be obtained through iterative computing, and the false peaks due to bridge vibration can be eliminated through cross-correlation analysis of the wavelet coefficients of two measure points. The integrand function that corresponds to the maximum value of the cross-correlation function is used to identify the peaks caused by axles. A numerical application of the proposed axle information identification method is carried out. Numerical results demonstrate that this method acquires precise axle information from the responses of an axle-insensitive structure (e.g., girder) and decreases the requirement of sensitivity structure of BWIM. Finally, an experimental study on a full-scale simply supported bridge is also conducted to verify the effectiveness of this method.