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Progressive Failure Process of Anisotropic Rock: Insight from Full-Field Strain Evolution
Yangyi Zhou,Xufeng Liu,Xifan Li 대한토목학회 2022 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.26 No.1
Rocks with layered structure (bedding or foliation) usually exhibit different levels of anisotropy in terms of mechanical properties. The structural anisotropy has pronounced influence on the failure process of anisotropic rock. However, relatively few studies have been carried out on the subject. In this paper, the failure processes of a foliated gneiss with different schistosity orientations under uniaxial compression were studied based on digital speckle correlation method. The results show that the evolution process of full- field strain of the gneiss is closely related to the schistosity orientation. More specifically, when β = 0°, the strain concentration zone mainly originates from the microstructure, and the potential failure plane cannot be observed before total failure. When β = 30° or 60°, there are several strain concentration strips before failure. The ultimate failure is due to the interaction among these strips under the action of local stress field. When β = 90°, the initiation and evolution of strain concentration strip is relatively stable. When tensile failure occurs along the schistosity, the crack opens abruptly during loading. In contrast, the crack presents a gently stable growth trend, when the shear failure occurs along the schistosity.
Wang, Wenjun,Ouyang, Kehui,Su, Xifan,Xu, Mingsheng,Shangguan, Xinchen Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.11
The polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGFIR) gene in 12 pig breeds (total n = 593) was detected by PCR-SacII-restriction fragment length polymorphism and allele A (379 bp) or allele B (235 bp and 144 bp) observed. In the studied breeds, it was found that European pigs principally carried allele A, while Chinese native pig breeds principally carried allele B. In addition, the role of pig IGFIR was investigated in 156 Wanbai pigs and 212 Large Yorkshire pigs. Growth related variables including body weight at birth, 2-, 4- and 6-mo of age and backfat thickness and lean percentage estimated by ultrasonography at 6-mo of age were recorded in analyzing the association between IGFIR gene polymorphism and growth traits. AA-genotype pigs exhibited greater (p<0.05) body weights (BW) at birth, 2- and 6-mo of age, but not at 4-mo of age, than those of the BB-genotype in Wanbai and Yorkshire breeds. Moreover, in the Yorkshire breed, AA-genotype pigs had less backfat thickness (p<0.05) and greater lean percentage (p<0.01) than the BB genotype. Based on these results, it is necessary to do more studies on IGFIR before introducing the IGFIR locus into breeding programs.