Numerical optimization of transmission bremsstrahlung target for intense pulsed electron beam

Xiao Yu,Jie Shen,Shijian Zhang,Jie Zhang,Nan Zhang,Ivan Sergeevich Egorov,Sha Yan,Chang Tan,Gennady Efimovich Remnev,Xiaoyun Le 한국원자력학회 2022 Nuclear Engineering and Technology Vol.54 No.2

The optimization of a transmission type bremsstrahlung conversion target was carried out with MonteCarlo code FLUKA for intense pulsed electron beams with electron energy of several hundred keV formaximum photon fluence. The photon emission intensity from electrons with energy ranging from300 keV to 1 MeV on tungsten, tantalum and molybdenum targets was calculated with varied targetthicknesses. The research revealed that higher target material element number and electron energy leadsto increased photon fluence. For a certain target material, the target thickness with maximum photonemission fluence exhibits a linear relationship with the electron energy. With certain electron energy andtarget material, the thickness of the target plays a dominant role in increasing the transmission photonintensity, with small target thickness the photon flux is largely restricted by low energy loss of electronsfor photon generation while thick targets may impose extra absorption for the generated photons. Thespatial distribution of bremsstrahlung photon density was analyzed and the optimal target thicknessesfor maximum bremsstrahlung photon fluence were derived versus electron energy on three targetmaterials for a quick determination of optimal target design

Analysis on the Present Situation of Golf Vocational Training in China

Xiaoyu Zhang(Xiaoyu Zhang),Junhee Hong(Junhee Hong) 동아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of East Asian Trade(JEAT) Vol.4 No.1

Purpose – Golf started on September 30th, 1982, when Zhang Junlin registered and established Shenzhen Golf Club Co., Ltd. in Shenzhen Municipal Market Supervision Administration. In September of the same year, it was approved by Shenzhen Municipal People’s Government. The establishment of the first established golf club in China also marks the official entry of modern golf into the Chinese market. In 1997, Shenzhen University established the first golf major in China, and now there are nearly 600 golf courses in China. China’s golf industry is still developing at a high speed despite policy restrictions. However, there are still some deficiencies in golf vocational training in China. Through the analysis of the shortcomings, the reasonable development direction is put forward. Design/Methodology/Approach – With the development of golf industry, supporting education has also been carried out in China. Since Shenzhen University, many colleges and universities have also carried out related majors. Golf industry is not limited to golf, but also includes lawn planting, garden art, fashion design, sporting goods manufacturing, hotel management, real estate development, golf education and training, etc., which makes the golf industry bring a variety of jobs and personnel needs. It also makes golf clubs pay more attention to talent cultivation. In this paper, the problems existing in the training of golf talents in clubs and universities are listed and analyzed by means of investigation, to find out the appropriate direction. Findings – Children are an important member of golf club staff. How to carry out good caddy training and improve caddy’s professional level and comprehensive quality has become the task focus of golf club managers. At present, the common problems of golf caddies in China are: 1. There is no uniform training standard, which makes the quality of caddies uneven. 2. The income of caddies is unstable. 3. Most of the temporary employment relationships between caddies and clubs. 4. Caddy talent reserve can’t meet the needs of club staff. 5. Caddy occupation requires physical condition, and it is difficult to transform after unemployment. Research Implications – A good teaching foundation is an important way to cultivate talents, and only the mutual communication between clubs and colleges can help improve the ability of golf vocational training in China.

The Application of ANP Models in the Web-Based Course Development Quality Evaluation of Landscape Design Course

Xiaoyu Chen,Lifang Qiao 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Vol.10 No.9

Web-based course is the important method in the landscape design teaching. In this paper, the ANP (Analytic Network Process) model has been adopted to evaluate the quality of the development of on-line courses, so as to provide the basis for preferred on-line courses. Conclude 10 evaluation indicators from 3 aspects of teaching, availability, and technology, and establish ANP model consisting of control layer, network layer, and alternatives. Four web-based courses of landscape design were chosen as the evaluation objects and the SD (Super Decisions) software was used to conduct the calculation. The result shows that: ANP is a practical science decision analysis method, comprehensively considering the mutually influential and feedback relationships of indicators, and is suitable for the evaluation and decision of the complex problems. The development quality evaluation of ANP which is applied in landscape design web-based courses is feasible, and the result of research can provide decision basis to web-based course development.

Study on Tourism Carbon Emissions and Distribution Efficiency of Tourism Economics

Xiaoyu Cheng,Keshen Jiang 한국유통과학회 2018 Asian Journal of Business Environment (AJBE) Vol.8 No.2

Purpose - It is important to figure out the relationship between tourism carbon emissions and tourism economics for a healthy tourism development. Research design, data, and methodology - Data of this study are collected from 27 provinces (cities) of China. Tourist consumption stripping coefficient is used to calculate tourism carbon emissions. SBM-Undesirable model is used to measure the efficiency of tourism economics under the constraint of tourism carbon emissions. Results - The results show that: during the year of 2005-2015, there are obvious differences in totals and intensities of tourism carbon emissions among 27 provinces and cities which can be divided into three areas. There is a high possibility of underestimating the actual efficiency of tourism economics by leaving tourism carbon emissions out of account, and a high inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions will lead a low efficiency of tourism economics. Conclusions - The development of tourism should give consideration to both economic and environmental benefits, and reduce the inefficiency caused by tourism carbon emissions to improve efficiency of tourism economics by improving the level of technical efficiency and promoting technological progress.

Detecting Active Brain Regions by a Constrained Alternating Least Squares Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Algorithm from Single Subject’s fMRI Data

Xiaoyu Ding,Jong-Hwan Lee(이종환),Seong-Whan Lee(이성환) 한국정보과학회 2011 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.38 No.1C

In this paper, we propose a constrained alternating least squares nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm (cALSNMF) to detect active brain regions from single subject's task-related fMRI data. In cALSNMF, we define a new cost function which considers the uncorrelation and noisy problems of fMRI data by adding decorrelation and smoothing constraints in original Euclidean distance cost function. We also generate a novel training procedure by modifying the update rules and combining with optimal brain surgeon (OBS) algorithm. The experimental results on visuomotor task fMRI data show that our cALSNMF fits fMRI data better than original ALSNMF in detecting task-related brain activation from single subject’s fMRI data.

Frequency Characteristics of the d-q Synchronous-Frame Current Reference Generation Methods for Active Power Filter

Xiaoyu Wang,Jinjun Liu,Jinku Hu,Yuji Meng,Chang Yuan 전력전자학회 2007 ICPE(ISPE)논문집 Vol.- No.-

The d-q harmonics detection algorithms are dominant methods to generate current reference for active power filter (APF). They are often processed in synchronous frame and time domain. This paper researches the frequency characteristics of d-q synchronous transformation which are quite related to the design of close loop regulator and analysis of the performance. Intuitively, the synchronous transformation is explained with amplitude modulation (AM) in this paper. Then the synchronous filter is proven as time-invariant linear transformation and modeled with transfer functions in stationary frame and frequency domain. The frequency-domain analytical models imply that the synchronous transformation has an equivalent effect of frequency transformation, with which the synchronous filter achieves a band pass filter from the low pass filter in synchronous frame. To simplify the analytical model, an instantaneous positive/negative sequence frame is proposed as an expansion of symmetrical components theory. Based on these frequency analytical models, the synchronous filter is compared with the traditional filters in stationary frame. Further more, the d-q harmonics detection methods are improved to get rid of the inherent coupling of synchronous transformation. Typical examples are given to verify previous analysis and comparison. Simulation and experimental results are also given.

Research on the Integration and Coexistence Path of Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Professional Education in Universities

Xiaoyue Song,Jinling Wang 한국국제교육교류학회 2023 국제교류와 융합교육 Vol.3 No.1

The effect of Reynolds number on the elliptical cylinder wake

Xiaoyu Shi,Md. Mahbub Alam,Honglei Bai,Hanfeng Wang 한국풍공학회 2020 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.30 No.5

This work numerically investigates the effects of Reynolds number ReD (= 100 - 150), cross-sectional aspect ratio AR = ( 0.25 -1.0), and attack angle α (= 0 - 90) on the forces, Strouhal number, and wake of an elliptical cylinder, where ReD is based on the freestream velocity and cylinder cross-section height normal to the freestream flow, AR is the ratio of the minor axis to the major axis of the elliptical cylinder, and α is the angle between the cylinder major axis and the incoming flow. At ReD = 100, two distinct wake structures are identified, namely ‘Steady wake’ (pattern I) and ‘Karman wake followed by a steady wake (pattern II)’ when AR and α are varied in the ranges specified. When ReD is increased to 150, an additional wake pattern, ‘Karman wake followed by secondary wake (pattern III)’ materializes. Pattern I is characterized by two steady bubbles forming behind the cylinder. Pattern II features Karman vortex street immediately behind the cylinder, with the vortex street transmuting to two steady shear layers downstream. Inflection angle αi = 32, 37.5 and 45 are identified for AR = 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75, respectively, where the wake asymmetry is the greatest. The αi effectively distinguishes the dependence on α and AR of force and vortex shedding frequency at either ReD. In Pattern III, the Karman street forming behind the cylinder is modified to a secondary vortex street. At a given AR and α, ReD = 150 renders higher fluctuating lift and Strouhal number than ReD = 100.

Response of Ammonia Assimilation in Cucumber Seedlings to Nitrate Stress

Xiaoyu Yang,Xiufeng Wang,Min Wei,Shoko Hikosaka,Eiji Goto 한국식물학회 2010 Journal of Plant Biology Vol.53 No.3

The influence of increased nitrate concentration—14 (control) and 140 mmol L−1 (T)—in hydroponic culture on ammonia assimilation in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Xintaimici) seedlings was investigated. The results showed that NH3 accumulation in the roots and leaves of T seedlings increased significantly, indicating that NH3toxicity might be involved in nitrate stress. Under control conditions, GS and GOGAT activity were much higher in the leaves than in the roots, whereas GDH activity was much higher in the roots than in the leaves. Correlation analysis showed that NH3 concentration had a strong negative linear relationship with GDH activity in the roots but had a strong negative linear relationship with GS and GOGAT activity in the leaves. These results indicate that NH3 might be assimilated primarily via GDH reaction in the roots and via GS/GOGAT cycle in the leaves. Shortterm nitrate stress resulted in the increase of GS and GOGAT activity in the roots and GDH activity in the leaves of T seedlings, indicating possible shifts in ammonia assimilation from the normal GDH pathway to GS/GOGAT pathway in the roots and from the normal GS/GOGAT pathway to the GDH pathway in the leaves under nitrate stress, but with the increase of treatment time, GS, GOGAT,and GDH activity in the roots and leaves of T seedlings decreased possibly due to low water potential and NH3toxicity.

How Do South Korean People View the US and Chinese National Influence?: Is Soft Power Zero-Sum?

Xiaoyu Zhao 충남대학교 아시아여론연구소 2017 Asian journal for public opinion research Vol.5 No.1

This paper addresses the zero-sum of soft power against the backdrop of the rise of China and the relative “decline” of America. It attempts to find out that whether the “decline” of America’s soft power is caused by the rise of China’s soft power, and whether China’s rise could guarantee with certainty the growth of soft power. In light of the particularity of South Korea, that is, its economy relies on China and its security relies on the US, this paper chooses South Korea as the entry point for the study. Based on the Pew data from a South Korean opinion poll, this paper conducts bivariate correlation and binary logistic regression respectively, to explore the existence of zero-sum “competitions” between China’s and America’s soft power.