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Xiao, Peng,Li, Qingyun,Joo, Yongjoon,Nam, Jutaek,Hwang, Sekyu,Song, Jaejung,Kim, Sungjee,Joo, Chulmin,Kim, Ki Hean Optical Society of America 2013 Optics letters Vol.38 No.21
<P>We report the feasibility of a novel contrast agent, namely 'smart' gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in the detection of cancer cells with photothermal optical coherence tomography (PT-OCT). 'Smart' AuNPs form aggregation in low pH condition, which is typical for cancer cells, and this aggregation results in a shift of their absorption spectrum. A PT-OCT system was developed to detect this pH-induced aggregation by combining an OCT light source and a laser with 660 nm in wavelength for photothermal excitation. Optical detection of pH-induced aggregation was tested with solution samples at two different pH conditions. An increase in optical path length (OPL) variation was measured at mild acidic condition, while there was not much change at neutral condition. Detection of cancer cells was tested with cultured cell samples. HeLa and fibroblast cells, as cancer and normal cells respectively, were incubated with 'smart' gold nanoparticles and measured with PT-OCT. An elevated OPL variation signal was detected with the HeLa cells while not much of a signal was detected with the fibroblast cells. With the novel optical property of 'smart' AuNPs and high sensitivity of PT-OCT, this technique is promising for cancer cell detection.</P>
Xiao, Peng,Shin, Kwang-Soo,Wang, Tianhong,Yu, Jae-Hyuk American Society for Microbiology 2010 EUKARYOTIC CELL Vol.9 No.11
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus reproduces asexually by forming a massive number of mitospores called conidia. In this study, we characterize the upstream developmental regulator A. fumigatus<I>flbB</I> (<I>AfuflbB</I>). Northern blotting and cDNA analyses reveal that <I>AfuflbB</I> produces two transcripts predicted to encode two basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) polypeptides, <I>Afu</I>FlbBβ (420 amino acids [aa]) and <I>Afu</I>FlbBα (390 aa). The deletion of <I>AfuflbB</I> results in delayed/reduced sporulation, precocious cell death, the lack of conidiophore development in liquid submerged culture, altered expression of <I>AfubrlA</I> and <I>AfuabaA</I>, and blocked production of gliotoxin. While introduction of the wild-type (WT) <I>AfuflbB</I> allele fully complemented these defects, disruption of the ATG start codon for either one of the <I>Afu</I>FlbB polypeptides leads to a partial complementation, indicating the need of both polypeptides for WT levels of asexual development and gliotoxin biogenesis. Consistent with this, Aspergillus nidulans<I>flbB</I><SUP><I>+</I></SUP> encoding one polypeptide (426 aa) partially complements the <I>AfuflbB</I> null mutation. The presence of 0.6 M KCl in liquid submerged culture suppresses the defects caused by the lack of one, but not both, of the <I>Afu</I>FlbB polypeptides, suggesting a genetic prerequisite for <I>Afu</I>FlbB in A. fumigatus development. Finally, Northern blot analyses reveal that both <I>AfuflbB</I> and <I>AfuflbE</I> are necessary for expression of <I>AfuflbD</I>, suggesting that FlbD functions downstream of FlbB/FlbE in aspergilli.</P>
A Usability Test for Dr. Liver, a 3D Virtual Liver Surgical Planning System
Xiaopeng Yang,Younggeun Choi,Wonsup Lee,Baojian Wang,Jaedo Yang,Hongpil Hwang,Ji Hyun Kim,Jisoo Song,Hee Chul Yu,Baik Hwan Cho,Heecheon You 대한인간공학회 2013 대한인간공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.5
A usability test was performed for a 3D virtual liver surgical planning system, named Dr. Liver. The system consists of five modules including (1) (1) Liver Extraction, (2) Vessel Extraction, (3) Tumor Extraction, (4) Liver Segmentation, and (5) Liver Surgery Planning. Various performance and preference measures were applied and opinions of the participants regarding likes, dislikes, and suggestions were collected. Three medical doctors participated in the usability test, consisting of five test modules. The system received a high score of satisfaction (mean = 6.5, S.D. = 0.8) as measured using a 7-point Likert scale throughout the five test modules. Based on the evaluation results, recommendations were made for better usability of the system. The present study would help practitioners to evaluate the usability of a system and identify potential usability problems in a systematic manner.